GFDL-ESM2M气候模式下京津冀地区未来潜在蒸散量时空变化

为探究未来潜在蒸散量时空变化特征,该研究以京津冀地区为例,基于美国GFDL提供的GFDL-ESM2M全球气候模式,得到京津冀地区92个格点2000-2050年的平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、太阳总辐射、平均相对湿度和近地面平均风速,应用Penman-Monteith公式计算京津冀地区未来92个格点的逐日潜在蒸散量(ET0),分析其时空分布特征及其与气象要素的相关关系。结果表明:未来年ET0总体呈增加趋势,RCP8.5情景下ET0上升速度最快,且随着时间推移增幅越来越大。夏季ET0增长速度最快,其次为春季、秋季与冬季,意味着未来ET0季节差异将愈加明显,可能出现更为严重的季节性干旱。ET0空间分布呈由西南向东北逐渐递减趋势,其中中部地区增速最快,增长趋势由中部向南北递减。不同气候情景下平均气温均呈逐年上升趋势,风速、太阳总辐射略微上升,而相对湿度下降。ET0与太阳总辐射的相关系数最大,呈由东北向西南递增趋势,其次为最高气温,呈由西北向东南递增趋势。ET0与相对湿度变化呈显著负相关,相关系数绝对值呈东北向西南递增趋势,ET0与风速相关度不明显。该研究可为农业需水预测与灌溉管理、科学应对气候变化提供基础支撑。     

基于投资的再保险定价模型

从系统的观点出发,把公司的赔付情况与投资收益相接合,对比例再保险与超额损失再保险,建立了在投资影响下的带跳的再保险模型,给出了基于投资的再保险定价公式,为公司厘订再保险费提供了新的方法.     

慢性束缚与慢性不可预期温和应激抑郁模型小鼠的行为学比较及其发生机制研究

【目的】通过比较慢性束缚应激(Chronic restraint stress,CRS)与慢性不可预期温和应激(Chronic unpredictable mild stress,CUMS)对C57BL/6小鼠行为学指标及大脑海马区相关功能的影响,探讨抑郁症的发生机制。【方法】分别建立CRS及CUMS小鼠模型,通过旷场试验、强迫游泳试验和悬尾试验测定小鼠的行为学指标;取小鼠脑组织,制备常规石蜡切片,运用苏木素-伊红(HE)与免疫组化染色考察小鼠大脑海马区组织形态及5-羟色胺1A受体(5-HT1AR)的表达情况,并运用荧光分光光度法测定小鼠海马组织单胺氧化酶活性的变化。【结果】与空白对照组相比,CRS组小鼠的水平穿格数、直立次数及体质量均显著减少,悬尾及强迫游泳试验累计不动时间百分比无明显变化(P>0.05);而CUMS组小鼠自发活动无明显改变(P>0.05),但悬尾及强迫游泳试验累计不动时间百分比极显著增加(P<0.01),体质量显著下降。脑组织形态学研究结果显示,CUMS组小鼠海马CA1、CA3区和齿状回均出现萎缩,而CRS组小鼠海马CA1区未受影响,CA3区和齿状回均发生萎缩。与对照组相比,CRS组与CUMS组小鼠大脑海马单胺氧化酶活性升高,5-HT1AR表达均减少,差异均分别达显著和极显著水平。【结论】CRS和CUMS均可不同程度地引起抑郁样症状,CRS对探索性行为的抑制较明显,CUMS则可引发典型的行为绝望状态;CRS与CUMS组小鼠的行为学差异可能与2组抑郁模型动物脑内海马区组织结构及功能变化的差异存在相关性。     

Characterization and degradation of lignin from steam explosion of pine and corn stalk of lignin: The role of superoxide ion and ozone

Steam explosion of corn stalk in the presence of 3% sulphuric acid at 200 °C for 5 min gave the highest recovery of lignin. Lignin has M_w = 2640 and M_z = 93,994. In the UV spectrum absorptions at λ = 231 and 280 nm were recorded. ¹H NMR spectrum of lignin showed signals attributable to cinnamaldehyde units, guaiacyl units, and syringyl units. Syringyl and guaiacyl units are in 1:1 ratio. ¹³C NMR spectrum showed signals for guaiacyl, syringyl, and p-hydroxyphenyl units. The spectrum showed a prevalence of guaiacyl units. The ¹³C NMR spectrum is in agreement with the presence of cinnamic units. The same characterization was performed on lignin from pine. The irradiation of lignin from pine from steam explosion process in the presence of oxygen, in conditions described for the formation of superoxide ion, for different irradiation time was followed isolating the lignin and determining the average molecular weight. The experiments showed that, until 8 h irradiation, M_n decreases, while M_w and M_z increases. After 8 h irradiation an inverse behaviour was observed, with an increase of M_n and a decrease of M_w and M_z. These results are in agreement with an initial polymerization process followed by a photoinduced degradation. Ozonization was carried out in acetonitrile–methanol solution. The reaction showed a zero-order kinetics. After 50 min the average molecular weight of lignin is the half. The reaction mixture was analyzed by using GC–MS. Oxalic acid was determined.     

光叶蚊子草挥发油成分GC-MS分析

用气相色谱-质谱法分析光叶蚊子草的挥发油化学成分.采用水蒸气蒸馏法从光叶蚊子草中提取挥发油.用归一化法测定其百分含量,并用气相色谱-质谱法鉴定化学成分.共鉴定了23个成分,占挥发油总量的78.53%以上.本方法稳定可靠,重现性好,适用于中药挥发油的化学成分分析     

不同产地毛头鬼伞子实体多糖特征及其刺激巨噬细胞产生NO的活性

用水提醇沉法从6个不同产地毛头鬼伞(Coprinus comatus)子实体中获得6种粗多糖,6种粗多糖得率及多糖含量差异较大,以湖北(HB)的最高,其次为云南(YN)的;各粗多糖分子量分布相似,单糖组成均以葡萄糖为主,并含有少量半乳糖;除福建(FJ)外,其余5种粗多糖均能增强小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7释放NO的产量,以YN和HN的活性较好,总体来说,YN的多糖产量及活性较好.     

豫西山区次降雨侵蚀力简化模型的建立

而降雨侵蚀力是定量监测评价一个地区土壤侵蚀状况的重要因子之一,找到适宜简便的计算方法十分重要。本文利用位于豫西山区鲁山县的两个水文站各三年共125次自记降雨过程资料,建立了该区域次降雨侵蚀力计算模型:R次=0.146×Pt×I30-1.189(r=0.992,n=105);并进行了预报效果检验,采取模型有效系数和相对偏差评价模型的的效果,结果表明二者分别为99%和8.8%。本文所创立的次降雨侵蚀力模型简便实用,不仅可以评价区域年R值分布,有效地分析R值的年内分布状况,更重要的是为水土流失定量监测从多年平均监测、年监测提高到次降雨流失量的监测提供了可能,从而实现区域定量监测的精度。     

华北地区春玉米–冬绿肥轮作对碳、氮蓄积和土壤养分以及微生物的影响

华北农田纳入冬绿肥能够提升土壤质量和抑制土壤风蚀。本文主要以一年一茬春玉米为例,将毛苕子（Vicia villosa Roth）与二月兰（诸葛菜,Oryehophragmus violaeeus）作为冬绿肥,研究春玉米冬绿肥轮作模式下的碳氮蓄积量及土壤养分和微生物的变化。2 年试验结果表明,冬绿肥区碳蓄积量是冬闲区的2.4～3.6倍;氮蓄积量约为冬闲区的4.0～4.7倍;二月兰区碳蓄积量比毛苕子区高32.7%～39.2%,毛苕子区氮蓄积量比二月兰区高约5.7%,差异显著（碳蓄积量是指在该轮作系统下植物体的碳素累积量;氮蓄积量是指在该轮作系统下植物体的氮素累积量）。春玉米种植制度短期纳入冬绿肥作物对玉米产量及对土壤pH,速效氮、速效磷含量、土壤总碳量无显著影响。冬绿肥区有机碳含量比冬闲区提高4.5%～5.7%,且二月兰区毛苕子区,差异显著;冬绿肥显著提高了土壤微生物数量,以细菌数量变化最为明显。冬绿肥区细菌数量是冬闲区的2.0～3.7倍,毛苕子区二月兰区。说明农田短期纳入冬绿肥,可以提高土壤有机碳含量,促进土壤微生物的活动,有利于保持土壤肥力。     

Effect of Cadmium Stress on Growth and Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy Parameters of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cotinus coggygria</Emphasis> Roots

The use of plants for ecological remediation is an important method of controlling heavy metals in polluted land. Cotinus coggygria is a landscape plant that is used extensively in landscaping and afforestation. In this study, the cadmium tolerance level of C. coggygria was evaluated using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to lay a theoretical foundation for broad applications of this species in Cd-polluted areas and provide theoretical support to broaden the application range of the EIS technique. Two-year-old potted seedlings of C. coggygria were placed in a greenhouse to analyse the changes in the growth, water content and EIS parameters of the roots following treatment with different Cd concentrations (50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg kg^?1), and soil without added Cd was used as the control. The roots grew well following Cd treatments of 50 and 100 mg kg^?1. The Cd contents increased with the increase in Cd concentration in the soil. However, the lowest root Cd content was found at 4 months of treatment. The extracellular resistance r_e and the intracellular resistance r_i increased first overall and then decreased with the increasing Cd concentration, and both parameters increased with a longer treatment duration. The water content had a significant negative correlation with the Cd content (P?<?0.01) and the r_e (P?<?0.05). C. coggygria could tolerate a soil Cd concentration of 100 mg kg^?1. There was a turning point in the growth, water content and EIS parameters of the C. coggygria roots when the soil Cd concentration reached 200 mg kg^?1. The root water content and r_e could reflect the level of Cd tolerance in C. coggygria.     

日本结缕草滞绿基因 ZjSGR 对烟草的转化及功能分析

SGR 基因是植物体内调控叶绿素降解的关键基因之一,在调控植物衰老以及响应非生物胁迫等方面也发挥着重要的作用。 本研究利用 DNA 重组技术,构建 35S::ZjSGR:YFP 植物表达载体,并通过农杆菌介导的方法成功转化烟草。PCR 和 qRT-PCR 结果显示日本结缕草滞绿基因ZjSGR已整合到烟草基因组中,并能够在转基因烟草中高效表达。在正常生长环境下,转基因烟草表现出黄化的表型。与对照相比叶绿素含量较低,光合速率下降。亚细胞定位实验证明ZjSGR定位在叶绿体,透射电镜观察结果表明过表达ZjSGR基因使叶绿体发育异常,且有加速降解的趋势。qRT-PCR结果发现转ZjSGR基因的烟草中SAG113,SAG12,NCED和AAO3的表达量明显高于野生型,衰老进程明显加快。本研究证明ZjSGR可在调控叶绿素降解和衰老的进程中发挥重要作用。