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81.
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - To assess the current genetic status of a useful coastal plant Glehnia littoralis F. Schmidt ex Miq. in Japan, the genetic diversity within and among natural... 相似文献
82.
Takahiko Kubo 《Breeding Science》2013,63(4):359-366
Products of interspecific crosses often show abnormal phenotypes such as sterility, weakness and inviability. These phenomena play an important role in speciation as mechanisms of postzygotic reproductive isolation (RI). During the past two decades, genetics studies in rice have characterized a number of gene loci responsible for postzygotic RI. I have identified 10 loci including three sets of epistatic networks in a single inter-subspecific cross (Oryza sativa ssp. indica × japonica). These results suggest that RI genes cause developmental dysfunction of vegetative and/or reproductive organs through a variety of molecular pathways. The latest molecular studies demonstrated that hybrid incompatibility is mainly due to deleterious interactions caused by species-specific mutations of two or more genes, mediated by proteins acting within the same molecular pathway. Because genetic interactions provide a perspective on gene function, epistatic networks are a key to the understanding of the molecular basis of postzygotic RI. In this review, I focus on recent progress in postzygotic RI studies in rice and discuss the evolutionary significance as well as implications for improving rice productivity. 相似文献
83.
Quang Huy Hoang Naritaka Kubo Ngan Giang Hoang Hajime Tanji 《Paddy and Water Environment》2009,7(2):123-133
Ba Lai Irrigation Project is located at coastal area in the Mekong Delta. In dry season when the flow rate decreases and the
strong east wind blows into the delta, the salinity intrusion increases and seriously affects agricultural and domestic water
use. Intakes of Ba Lai system have to be closed for 1–3 months depending on their locations, and no water supply during this
period often causes water pollution in the project area. In order to solve such problems, this study aims to seek gate operation
procedures for salinity control and water environment improvement. A numerical model is developed to simulate water movement,
salinity concentration and duration of remaining water (water age) within the system under three scenarios: (1) without control
structures, (2) with available control structures, (3) with the full control structures. Through the numerical simulations,
control structures are confirmed to be an effective measure for the salinity control and suitable gate operation schedules
are proposed to improve the water environment in the project. 相似文献
84.
85.
Chie Imagawa Junichiro Takeuchi Toshihiko Kawachi Kei Ishida Shunsuke Chono Natsuki Buma 《Paddy and Water Environment》2011,9(4):425-439
Long-term simulation using the distributed hydro-environmental watershed model is efficacious for assessing irrigation impacts
on hydrological cycle in detail and for implementing watershed management successfully. In this article, the previously developed
hydro-environmental watershed model (HEWM-1) is improved in the water exchange process caused by surface water-groundwater
interaction via drainage canals and/or underdrains. The time-varying stream flow in canals is described by the complete one-dimensional
shallow water equations in a newly introduced submodel, the open channel flow submodel. This submodel coordinates with the
other submodels: the tank, soil moisture and groundwater flow submodels which are interlinked in a cascade manner. The improved
model (HEWM-2) is applied to an agricultural watershed covering an area from an alluvial fan onto a nearly level alluvial
plain, to be validated. The simulation by HEWM-2 is informative for identifying whether any drainage canal is gaining or losing
water in relation to groundwater level. It could thus provide useful information for conserving a complex network of drainage
canals which also functions as a passage for aquatic animals like fishes. 相似文献
86.
Liu Haisheng Yoshikawa Natsuki Miyazu Susumu Watanabe Kouhei 《Paddy and Water Environment》2015,13(2):179-189
Paddy and Water Environment - Paddy fields irrigated using water from the Shinkawa River in Niigata, Japan, are subject to adverse effects associated with the occurrence of saltwater wedges in the... 相似文献
87.
Kazunori Taguchi Kazuyuki Okazaki Hiroyuki Takahashi Tomohiko Kubo Tetsuo Mikami 《Euphytica》2010,173(3):409-418
Caused by Aphanomyces cochlioides Drechsler, Aphanomyces root rot is a serious disease of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), for which sources of resistance are scarce. To identify the segregation pattern of the rare resistance trait found in
Japanese sugar beet line ‘NK-310mm-O’, F1 and BC1F2 seedings, drawn from a cross between ‘NK-310mm-O’ and susceptible line ‘NK-184mm-O’, were inoculated with zoospores and their
survival evaluated in the greenhouse. Resistance segregation followed was that of a single dominant gene, which was designated
Acr1 (Aphanomyces cochlioides resistance 1). Molecular markers tightly linked to Acr1 were identified by bulked segregant analysis of two BC1F2 populations. Fourteen AFLP markers linked to Acr1 were identified, the closest located within ±3.3 cM. Three F5 lines and two BC2F1 lines, selected on the basis of their Acr1-AFLP markers, were tested for their resistance to Aphanomyces root rot in a highly infested field. Results indicated that
Acr1 conferred significant resistance to Aphanomyces root rot at the field level. Based on its linkage with CAPS marker tk, a
representative marker for chromosome III, Acr1 was located on this chromosome. The clear linkage between tk and Rhizomania resistance trait Rz1, suggests the clustering of major disease resistance genes on chromosome III. 相似文献
88.
Masashi Yamamoto Asad Asadi Abkenar Ryoji Matsumoto Tatsuya Kubo Shigeto Tominaga 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(8):1167-1173
Fluorochrome staining with chromomycin A3 (CMA) was used to characterize and compare the CMA banding patterns of chromosomes of 17 species from 13 genera of Aurantioideae,
which is one of the seven subfamilies of Rutaceae. All species used in this study had 2n = 18 chromosomes. These chromosomes
were classified into five types based on the number and position of CMA-positive bands; B: one telomeric and one proximal
band, C: two telomeric bands, D: one telomeric band, E: without bands and Dst: type D with a satellite chromosome. Each species
possessed two or four types of chromosomes and unique CMA banding patterns. The CMA banding patterns were 6D + 12E in Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook. f.,1C + 3D + 14E in Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng., 1C + 11D + 6E in Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack, 1B + 1C + 10D + 6E in Merrillia caloxylon (Ridl.) Swing., 1C + 9D + 7E + 1Dst in Paramignya lobata Burkill, 2C + 5D + 11E in Severinia buxifolia (Poir.) Tenore, 5D + 13E in Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.) Roem., 16D + 2E in Citropsis gabunensis (Engl.) Swing. et M. Kell, 14D + 4E in Citropsis schweinfurthii (Engl.) Swing. et M. Kell, 8D + 10E in Atalantia monophylla DC., 1C + 3D + 14E in Atalantia ceylanica (Arn.) Oliv., 2D + 16E in Atalantia roxburghiana Hook. f., 18E in Swinglea glutinosa (Blanco) Merr., 2D + 16E in Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr., 4D + 14E in Afraegle paniculata (Schum.) Engl., 2B + 2D + 13E + 2Dst in Feronia limonia (L.) Swing. and 3B + 9D + 6E in Feroniella oblata Swing. The advanced genera in each tribe and subtribe such as Merrillia and Feroniella showed heterochromatin (CMA-positive bands) rich chromosome configuration in general. Swinglea glutinosa without heterochromatin rich chromosome, which is considered to be the most primitive chromosome configuration, seems to
be the key genus for clarifying the evolution of the tribe Citreae. 相似文献
89.
In experiments at 13.5 gigapascals and 1030 degreesC, the growth rate of wadsleyite, which forms from transformation of olivine, was substantially enhanced by the presence of water. Wadsleyite had a low dislocation density and subgrain boundaries in wet runs. Water enhanced the dislocation recovery in wadsleyite and therefore caused inelastic relaxation of the localized pressure drop associated with the transformation, resulting in an increase of the growth rate in wet runs. These results imply that even a small amount of water of 0. 05 weight percent can weaken wadsleyite in the mantle. 相似文献
90.
Y Sanada N Sanada M Kubo 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1999,61(9):1063-1065
Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) was diagnosed in an umbrella cockatoo (Cacatua alba) with severe feather dystrophy and loss. Electron microscopically, the intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies observed by light microscopy were composed of viral particles forming paracrystalline arrays, whorls, semicircles or concentric circles. Recovered viral particles from the skin and feather follicle tracts were icosahedral and 15 to 20 nm in diameter. 相似文献