The steroidal constituents of Solanum pseudomeum L.

The unripe fruits ofSolanum pseudomeum were found to contain two glyco-alkaloids, identified as solamargine and solasonine. The glyco-alkaloids fraction afforded after hydrolysis one steroidal alkaloid, identified as solasodine. The neutral glycoside fraction, gave after hydrolysis a steroid sapogenin: chlorogenin. Three phytosterols were isolated from the unsaponifiable matter of the lipid fraction, identified as -sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol.

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Zusammenfassung Man fand, daß die unreifen Früchte vonSolanum pseudomeum zwei Glyco-Alkaloide, nämlich Solamargin und Solasonin, enthalten. Die Fraktion der Glyco-Alkaloide ergab nach der Hydrolyse ein Steroid-Alkaloid, dieses wurde als Solasodin identifiziert. Die neutrale Glykosid-Fraktion ergab nach der Hydrolyse das Steroid-Sapogenin Chlorogenin. Die Auftrennung des unverseifbaren Anteils der Lipid-Fraktion ergab drei Phytosterine, die als -Sitosterin, Campesterin und Stigmasterin identifiziert wurden.

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Résumé Les fruits verts (non mûrs) duSolanum pseudomeum, contiennent deux glycoalcaloides, identifiés comme suit: solamargine et solasonine. Un alcaloide stéroidique a été obtenu par hydrolyse de la fraction glyco-alcaloides; et identifié comme suit: solasodine. La fraction glycosidique neutre, a donné après hydrolyse un sapogenin stéroidique chlorogenin. Trois phytosterols ont été isolés de la masse non-saponifiable de la fraction lipide et identifiés comme suit; -sitosterol, campesterol et stigmasterol.

     

Local plants as potential sources of tannins in Egypt. Part VII (Rubiaceae to Vitaceae)

In this part, 32 plants (rubiaceae tovitaceae) are investigated in a search for local tanning materials. Colour tests along with the chromatographic investigation of the free sugars and phenolic aglycones are given. A conclusion of all the plants previously studied is given discussing the collective data of the colour tests, free sugars and phenolic aglycones separately.

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Zusammenfassung In diesem letzten Teil einer Serie von Veröffentlichungen über lokal vorkommende Pflanzen als potentielle Quelle für Gerbstoffe, werden die Untersuchungsergebnisse von weiteren 32 Pflanzen (aus den FamilienRubiaceae bisVitaceae) beschrieben.Farbtests, spezifisch für Tannine, zusammen mit chromatographischen Untersuchungen auf freie Zucker und phenolische Aglykone wurden durchgeführt.Zusammenfassend werden die Ergebnisse aus dem Farbtest, der Analysen auf freie Zucker und phenolische Aglykone an allen bisher in die Untersuchungen einbezogenen Pflanzen diskutiert.

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Resume Trente-deux plantes (des familiesRubiaceae à Vitaceae) ont été examinées afin de déterminer le site de localisation des tannins. Les tests colorés et les résultats chromatographiques des sucres libres et des aglycones phénoliques sont décrits.Une conclusion de toutes les plantes déjà examinées du point de vue des tests colorés est présentée ainsi qu'une discussion générale des résultats individuels des sucres libres et des aglycones phénoliques.

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Part VI, this journal: XX, 4 :297–309, 1971     

Comparative analysis of maize–soybean strip intercropping systems: a review

ABSTRACT

Traditional maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill) intercropping practice cannot be adapted to modern agriculture due to low light use efficiency, radiation use efficiency, low comparative profits of soybeans and incompatibility with mechanization. However, a new type of maize and soybean intercropping system (MSIS) with high land equivalent ratio (LER) provides substantial benefits for small-land hold farmers worldwide. Our research team has done a wide range of research to suggest the appropriate planting geometry that ensures high yield and LER as high as 2.36, nutrient acquisition and mechanical operations in MSISs. Increase in the distance between soybean and maize rows and decrease in the spacing of maize narrow rows is useful for the high light interception for the short soybean in MSISs. This review concludes that MSIS has multifold and convincing results of LER and compatible with mechanization, while those practiced other than China still require technological advancements, agronomic measures and compatible mechanization to further explore its adaptability.     

The human and canine TERT promoters function equivalently in human and canine cells

Telomerase targeted cancer gene therapy is being exploited for treatment of human cancer. The high incidence and many comparative aspects of human and canine cancer and the compliance and dedication of dog owners to treat cancer makes the canine pet population a good clinical model for investigating and developing new cancer therapeutics. Here, we report that the human telomerase promoter operates in canine cells, suggesting that human telomerase promoter-driven cancer therapy can be used to treat cancer in canines. Therefore, the canine pet population can act as a clinical model for new drug development based on telomerase therapeutics.     

库尔勒香梨两种树形冠层内果实产量与品质差异性分析

[目的]探明库尔勒香梨不同冠层内果实产量与品质的分布规律及其差异性.[方法]应用树冠分格法,对疏散分层形和开心形树形冠层内不同部位的果实产量与品质进行测定与分析.[结果]疏散分层形和开心形平均每株果实产量分别达到138.5、160.1 kg,在冠层中层与外围开心形产量高于疏散分层形,而上层与下层,中部与内膛均低于疏散分层形,开心形的中层与上层,中层与下层,疏散分层形的内膛与中部,内膛与外围其产量均存在极显著差异,其他部位无显著差异;疏散分层形与开心形的平均单果质量分别达到131.57、145.86 g,果形指数均在1.2左右,冠层不同部位,开心形在萼片脱落、色泽黄绿、有红晕、果面光滑等果实外观品质上所占的百分比分别为16;、21.9;、69;、96.1;,均高于疏散分层形;开心形的果实硬度、可滴定酸、VC、可溶性圆形物、固酸比分别为7.25 kg/cm2、0.946 g/kg、55.7 mg/kg、12.27;、11.48,均优于疏散分层形;垂直部位,两种树形硬度、可滴定酸、VC、可溶性固形物、固酸比等均存在极显著差异,而水平部位差异不明显.[结论]开心形在产量、果实外观品质以及果实内在品质上均优于疏散分层形.     

Influence of Fusarium wilt resistant tomato cultivars on root colonization of the mutualistic endophyte Fusarium oxysporum strain 162 and its biological control efficacy toward the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The ability of the nematode antagonistic, mutualistic endo-phyte Fusarium oxysporum strain 162, to colonize the endorhiza of different Fusarium wilt...     

Non alcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and atherogenic ratios in epileptic children and adolescents on long term antiepileptic drug therapy

This study explores the occurrence of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), Insulin Resistance (IR), dyslipidemia and atherogenic ratios in epileptic children and adolescents receiving Valproic Acid (VPA), Carbamazepine (CBZ) or both (combination therapy) compared to healthy controls. Abdominal Computerized Tomography (CT), measurements of serum fasting insulin, glucose, serum lipids and liver enzymes were performed in VPA (n = 14), CBZ (n = 14) or both (n = 10) treated non-diabetic non-obese epileptic patients compared to healthy controls (n = 10). Abdominal CT demonstrated characteristics of fatty liver disease in 42.8% of VPA, in 21.4% of CBZ, in 60% of combination therapy treated patients and none of the healthy controls. All of them were overweight and 53.3% had IR. In conclusion VPA therapy was associated with increased risk of IR and NAFLD, while CBZ therapy was associated with dyslipidemia and combination therapy was associated with all these risks.     

The effects of altered ultrasound parameters on the recovery of sciatic nerve injury

Background: Initial studies have shown that low-energy ultrasound stimulates living tissue cells to reduce regeneration or speed up their recovery. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of various ultrasound parameters on the speed of recovery in injured sciatic nerves NMRI.Methods: NMRI mice (n = 200) with injured left paw, caused by crushing their sciatic nerves, were randomly selected. The animals were exposed to ultrasound radiation with various frequencies, intensities, and exposure time. They were allocated into 20 groups (19 treatment and 1 control groups). Sciatic functional index (SFI) test was used to evaluate the difference between the groups with respect to functional efficiency of the sciatic nerve and its recovery. SFI ، (P=0.000).Results: The results of SFI test obtained from the 14^th day showed a significant difference among the groups (P<0.05). On the 14^th day after treatment, one of the groups (US11) recovered up to 90%..Conclusion: Altered ultrasound exposure parameters had more favorable outcomes compared with our previous work.Key Words: Sciatic nerve, Ultrasonic therapy, Regeneration     

Drought effects on C,N, and P nutrition and the antioxidative system of beech seedlings depend on geographic origin

In future, prolonged summer drought and heat will constitute a major risk for the cultivation of shallow‐rooting beech in Central Europe and will negatively affect the productivity of beech forests. In a pot experiment under controlled conditions, the influence of long‐term (28 d) water deprivation on nitrogen (N), carbon (C), phosphate (P_i), and ascorbate (ASC) concentrations was examined in leaves and fine roots of beech seedlings (Fagus sylvatica L.) from six provenances originating from Central Europe (Germany: Neidenstein and Illertissen, intermediate habitats), the Balkan peninsula (Croatia: Zagreb and Gospic, wet habitats), and Southeast Europe (Bulgaria: Kotel, Greece: Paikos; dry habitats). The goal of the study was to identify beech provenances well adapted to water limitation during summer drought events. Our results suggest that N might be involved in the alleviation of water scarcity, whereas P_i might become a limiting factor for forest growth during drought periods. Drought stress resulted in significant changes of ASC pools in leaves and fine roots and the ASC redox state. Under well‐watered and under drought conditions, ASC in leaves was the most important factor causing differences between the provenances examined. Finally, a link between P nutrition and the capacity of antioxidative stress defense by ascorbate could be highlighted. Based on observations from this study, beech seedlings from three origins (Paikos, Zagreb, and Neidenstein) might constitute beech provenances well adapted to water shortage in summer. This conclusion is drawn from the high potential of these provenances to alleviate oxidative stress during water shortage.