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31.
Hirotaka Ihara Naoto Kato Shigeru Takahashi Kazunari Nagaoka 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):824-831
Soil solarization is a nonchemical method of soil disinfection achieved by covering the soil surface with sheets of vinyl plastic to generate elevated soil temperature, generally over 45°C. Such elevated temperatures may be detrimental to some nitrifying microorganisms and favorable to others. However, little information exists to indicate how nitrification activity in soil is affected after solarization. We performed several experiments to investigate the effects of soil solarization on nitrification activity. We found that: (1) if a soil was subjected to pretreatment of 45 or 50°C for as little as 1 d, nitrification activity in a subsequent incubation at 30°C was less than that of a soil that did not receive any high-temperature pretreatment. However, if a soil received pretreatments of 45 or 50°C for more than 7 d, nitrification activity in a subsequent incubation at 45 or 50°C was greater than that of soil that did not receive high temperature pretreatment. (2) Nitrification activity in three kinds of soil taken from 0–5 cm depth after solarization treatment was greater at 45°C than 30°C. (3) Nitrification activity at 45°C in soil that had received solarization in the preceding year was greater than that in soil that had not been subjected to solarization. This was consistent with the fact that the population densities of ammonia oxidizers were greater in soils that had been subjected to solarization. These results suggest that soil solarization induces nitrifying microorganisms that are more active at 45–50°C than they are at 30°C, and that the effect of solarization on nitrification persists until the next crop season. 相似文献
32.
The silicic acid adsorption by a soil (Eutric Gleysols) where slag fertilizers were applied was measured by the addition of a silicic acid solution labelled with 30Si after soil incubation, in order to study the effect of slag application on the specific Si adsorption by the soil and to estimate the amount of Si in the soil solid phase which can easily enter the soil solution. It was evident that the application of slags increased the ability of soil to adsorb Si. It was also shown that the 30Si added was diluted with not only the Si present in the soil solution but also the Si dissolved from the soil solid phase. We proposed the use of the term “active” for Si in soil which can take part in the isotopic dilution within 1 h. The amount of active Si in the soil solid and liquid phases (D 60 - value) was calculated from the 30Si content in the soil solution and compared with the amount of Si taken up by rice plant (Oryza sativa L.), which was determined in our previous study. The buffering capacity of the soil for Si, which can reflect the ability of soil to maintain the Si concentration in the soil solution constant when Si is added to or removed from the soil, was also determined. The D 60 - value and the Si buffering capacity of the soil increased by slag application. These increases were large when the alkalinity of the applied slags was high. The correlation study revealed that the D 60 - value was a better index of Si availability of the soil than the amount of Si dissolved from the soil solid phase during the incubation when the slags were previously applied. 相似文献
33.
Naoto Kamata Kojiro Esaki Kenji Mori Hiroyuki Takemoto Toru Mitsunaga Hiroshi Honda 《Journal of Forest Research》2008,13(2):122-126
An ambrosia beetle, Platypus quercivorus, is a vector of Japanese oak wilt, which causes massive mortality of oak trees in Japan. Previous studies have identified
(1S,4R)-4-isopropyl-1-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ol ((−)-IMCH) as the major component of the aggregation pheromone of P. quercivorus. We tested the ability of synthetic (−)-IMCH to attract P. quercivorus adults. The synthetic compound attracted 14.4 times as many P. quercivorus, of both sexes, as control traps. Control and (−)-IMCH-baited traps both captured 3.32 times as many males as females, probably
because of the nature of Lindgren funnel traps and of male-biased emergence sex ratio early in the season of adult flights.
(−)-IMCH was proved to be a major component of the aggregation pheromone of P. quercivorus. 相似文献
34.
Development of structural composite products made from bamboo I: fundamental properties of bamboo zephyr board 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A study was conducted to determine the suitability of zephyr strand from moso bamboo (Pyllostachys pubescens Mazel) for structural composite board manufacture. Thirty-two 1.8×40×40cm bamboo zephyr boards (BZB) were produced using four diameters of zephyr strand (9.5, 4.7, 2.8, and 1.5mm) and four target densities (0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9g/cm3). Results indicate that BZB exhibits superior strength properties compared to the commercial products. The size of the zephyr strand and the level of target density had a significant effect on the moduli of elasticity and rupture, internal bond strength, water absorption, and thickness swelling, but they did not have a significant effect on linear expansion. With regard to the physical properties, BZB exhibited less thickness swelling and exhibited good dimensional stability under dry-wet conditioning cycles.Part of this research was presented at the 48th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Shizuoka, April 1998; it was reported at the 4th Pacific Rim Bio-Based Composite Symposium, Bogor, Indonesia, November 1998 相似文献
35.
The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between plasma leptin levels and fat distribution in crossbred steers. Twenty-four crossbred steers (Japanese Black × Holstein) were used in this study. Six steers belonged to the growing phase (11 months of age), and 18 steers to the finishing phase (from 21 to 28 months of age). Plasma leptin levels correlated positively with body fat weight ( r = 0.807, P < 0.01), body fat percentage ( r = 0.802, P < 0.01), visceral fat weight ( r = 0.807, P < 0.01), visceral fat percentage ( r = 0.780, P < 0.01), subcutaneous fat weight ( r = 0.745, P < 0.01), subcutaneous fat percentage ( r = 0.734, P < 0.01), intermuscular fat weight ( r = 0.793, P < 0.01), intermuscular fat percentage (0.775, P < 0.01), renal fat weight ( r = 0.694, P < 0.01), renal fat percentage ( r = 0.642, P < 0.01), subcutaneous fat thickness ( r = 0.755, P < 0.01), intermuscular fat thickness ( r = 0.721, P < 0.01), beef marbling score ( r = 0.706, P < 0.01) and the crude fat content of Musculus longissimus thoracis ( r = 0.592, P < 0.01). The location of fat deposits did not affect the correlation values. However, when steers were divided into growing ( n = 6) and finishing ( n = 18) groups, there was no significant correlation between plasma leptin levels and the carcass characteristics related to fat deposition (fat weight, fat percentage, carcass traits) in either group. These results suggest that plasma leptin levels in crossbred steers positively correlate with body fat content and carcass traits when these parameters vary widely. 相似文献
36.
37.
38.
This experiment explored the technical feasibility of using bamboo zephyr mat with pre-hot-pressed treatment for the manufacture of laminated bamboo lumber (LBL), which is similar in construction to that of laminated veneer lumber (LVL). Six LBL boards (made from four-ply bamboo zephyr mats) with approximate dimensions of 2×42× 42cm were fabricated using resorcinol-based adhesive. The experimental design involved three combinations of layered structures (types I, II, and III) and two LBL loading positions (H-beam and V-beam) during the bending test. These materials were then compared to ordinary LVL. Results indicated that the bending properties (moduli of rupture and elasticity) of LBL were comparable to those of LVL, but there was no significant effect on the physical and mechanical properties among the three types of LBL beam. Interestingly, orienting the glue line to the vertical direction (V-beam) could maximize the ultimate strength of the LBL.Part of this research was presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo. April 1999, and at the Pacific Timber Engineering Conference, Rotorua, New Zealand, March 1999 相似文献
39.
There has been a decline in tree growth since the operation of factories atPinus thunbergii forests around a petrochemical industrial complex in Korea. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of air
pollution on tree ring width and ring density ofPinus thunbergii. Soft X-ray densitometrical method was used. Decline of ring width was the highest during 3 years immediately after the operation
of factories. The percentage of decrease was almost bigger immediately after operation as compared with before. Maximum density
(MAXD), and the difference (DD) between maximum density and minimum density (MIND) generally decreased since operation of
factories, while minimum density increased in the beginning of operation of factories. There was a significant correlation
between ring width and high temperature, and precipitation in the beginning of growing season, respectively. There was also
a negative correlation between annual mean concentration of SO2 and ring width at 5% level (r=−0.627*). It is suggested that the decline of ring width after operation of factories was due to compound factors of air pollution
and climate. The effect of other factors should be still more studied.
A part of this paper was presented at the International Workshop on Asian and Pacific Dendrochronology on March 4–9, 1995
in Tsukuba (Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute), Japan. 相似文献
40.