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21.
Masafumi SHIMIZU Norikazu FUJITA Yoshiko NAKAGAWA Tomio NISHIMURA Tamotsu FURUMAI Yasuhiro IGARASHI Hiroyasu ONAKA Ryuji YOSHIDA Hitoshi KUNOH 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(4):325-332
An endophytic actinomycete, Streptomyces sp. R-5, which had been isolated from a field-grown rhododendron plant, was used to protect rhododendron seedlings in tissue
culture from Pestalotia disease caused by Pestalotiopsis sydowiana. R-5 had intense antagonistic activity against P. sydowiana without adversely affecting the seedlings in glass flasks. A suspension of R-5 was spread on the surface of the multiplication
medium in glass flasks in which seedlings were growing. Ten days later, the 4th upper leaf of seedlings was inoculated with
P. sydowiana and incubated for 14 days. In controls untreated with R-5, substrate mycelia of P. sydowiana grew on all leaves and stems above and below the 4th leaf within 2–3 days of inoculation. Such growth resulted in the wilting
death of 54% of seedlings by 14 days. In contrast, only the inoculated leaves turned brown in ca. 90% of seedlings growing on medium treated with R-5. None of these seedlings died. Thus, treatment of the medium surface
with R-5 efficiently protects the seedlings from infection by P. sydowiana. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that substrate mycelia of R-5 grew on and beneath the cuticle of leaves of the treated
seedlings. Fluorescent microscopy showed that R-5 was also inside the leaves.
Received 8 June 2001/ Accepted in revised form 4 July 2001 相似文献
22.
Shota NISHIMURA Toshio WATANABE Atsushi OGINO Kazuhiro SHIMIZU Mitsuo MORITA Yoshikazu SUGIMOTO Akiko TAKASUGA 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(1):1-7
Two taurine breeds, Japanese Black and Holstein, established from geographically distant origins and selected for different uses, beef and dairy, were extensively genotyped using a genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip with more than 1000 animals of each breed. The genetic structure was examined by principal component analysis, in which the first principal component clearly separated the two breeds and explained more than 15% of the variance. Highly differentiated SNPs were detected throughout the genome, some of which were clustered within small regions on BTA4 (79.2–79.7 Mb, Btau4.0) and BTA26 (22.2–23.6 Mb). A breed assignment test was developed using 18 highly differentiated SNPs to distinguish Japanese Black from F1 (Japanese Black × Holstein) and Holstein. The error rate that an F1 or Holstein animal is misjudged as Japanese Black was expected to be < 0.8%, while the error rate that a Japanese Black animal is misjudged as F1 or Holstein was expected to be < 0.001%. This test provides a reliable and powerful method to detect breed label falsification in retail beef. 相似文献
23.
Shinichiro HIRAI Eiji YOKOYAMA Yuh SHIWA Taichiro ISHIGE Naoshi ANDO Takeshi SHIMIZU Satoshi MURAKAMI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(10):1399
Eighty strains of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7/H- were analyzed by three single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels using whole-genome sequencing data. The partial concordance of SNP types among the different SNP panels was observed on minimum spanning trees reconstructed with SNP data. As for lineage I/II strains, some of the clade 7 strains belonged to one unique SNP type as determined by three panels, suggesting that clade 7 should be divided into at least two genotypes, namely, the unique type and the rest. In addition, clade 8 contained two unique genotypes, which was consistent with the previous prediction. Similarly, for lineage II, clade 12 should be divided into three genotype strains. In contrast, many strains of several clades belonging to lineage I were clustered into the same node on each minimum spanning tree upon testing with the three SNP panels. Previous studies reported that lineage I diverged more recently than lineages I/II and II. Such low diversity in lineage I in this study may have arisen because this lineage has not accumulated SNPs because of its relatively recent divergence. Based on the concordance observed in this study, some of the previously published O157 genotype distribution data were successfully interpreted to clarify the clade distribution, which was well supported by previous literature. 相似文献
24.
MICHIO AOYAMA HIROHITO GOTO HITOMI KAMIYA IKUO KANEKO SATOSHI KAWAE HIROKI KODAMA YASUSHI KONISHI KENN-ICHI KUSUMOTO HISATO MIURA EIICHI MORIYAMA KIYOSHI MURAKAMI TOSHIYA NAKANO FUTOSHI NOZAKI DAISUKE SASANO TAKAO SHIMIZU HIROKI SUZUKI YASUSHI TAKATSUKI AKITO TORIYAMA 《Fisheries Oceanography》2008,17(3):206-218
Impact of climate change on marine biogeochemical parameters and ecosystem is one of the important issues of our environment. Direct evidence of marine pelagic ecosystem changes is found with warming of sea water and sea‐level rise in the main stream of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea and the western North Pacific during these three decades based on the analysis of long‐term comprehensive hydrographic observations. In terms of annual mean, the warming rate of surface air temperature and sea surface temperature ranged from 0.15 to 0.21°C per decade in and around the main stream of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea, which exceed the global mean warming rate of 0.128 ± 0.026°C per decade during the period from 1956 to 2005 reported in IPCC 2007. One of the features in this rapid warming region is an increase of number of Pterosagitta draco, a cosmopolitan warm‐water zooplankton. Biogeochemical parameters, such as wet weight of zooplankton, plant pigment and nutrients concentration in the upper 200 m have been decreasing while dissolved oxygen content and seawater temperature have been increasing in the upper 200 m in the main stream of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea. These observed linear trends of the biogeochemical parameters would be foresights for temperate oceans in the future. 相似文献
25.
稻田环境植物多样性研究 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
选择稻田灌溉水无工业废水污染的禹山坞和受工业废水污染的城北村两地进行稻田环境植物多样性调查。禹山坞稻田普遍使用化学除草剂,杂草种数明显少于城北村,水竹叶成为禹山坞稻田的优势种;城北村稻田未用除草剂及低洼积水环境保护了槐叶萍、满江红、轮藻和尖头丽藻等。禹山坞的畦畔植物种数显著高于城北村。城北村灌溉水质差有利于部分耐性植物蔓延形成优势种,如空心莲子草的强烈竞争,使部分竞争力弱的植物逐步消失,植物种数减少。两村的沟渠植物种类差异明显。 相似文献
26.
SHUNJI KUROKAWA NORIHIRO SHIMIZU SUNAO UOZUMI YOSHINORI YOSHIMURA 《Weed Biology and Management》2003,3(1):28-36
The source of the velvetleaf spreading its distribution rapidly and causing serious problems in forage fields all over Japan since the mid 1980s was thought to be a new accidental introduction of seeds from velvetleaf mingled in some imported grains from the USA and Australia. However, velvetleaf used to be cultivated as a fiber crop until the 1880s. We examined the intraspecies variations, such as morphological characteristics and growth habits, using accessions previously collected and obtained from imported grains. Using principal component analysis (PCA), the accessions were classified into crop type and weed type. The crop type capsule was mostly an ivory color, and the weed type was mostly an ebony color. The crop type showed characteristics of a fiber crop, such as an erect form, uniform flowering and a low seed dormancy rate. Conversely, the imported grains were classified into the weed type which showed a strong weedy nature, such as branched form, long flowering period, high reproductive ability and a high dormancy rate. These results suggest that the new introduction is different from the indigenous fiber crop, and may possibly be the source of the present invasive velvetleaf because of its strong weedy nature. However, further studies comparing the new introduction directly with the present velvetleaf are necessary. 相似文献
27.
Yuma SAHASHI Masaaki OSHIMA Junjiro YAMAGISHI Chieko MURAMATSU Kaori SHIMIZU Yasuo INOSHIMA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(11):1730
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) is commonly used for genotyping bovine leukemia virus (BLV) in slaughterhouses. However, unclassified BLV genotypes have been sporadically reported. To assess the current status of BLV genetic characterization in cattle, PCR-RFLP was performed on blood samples of 170 cattle (84 Japanese Black, 60 Japanese Black x Holstein, and 26 Holstein) from 17 farms (5 prefectures) at a slaughterhouse in Aichi Prefecture in 2019. A total of 65 samples (38.2%) were BLV positive, and genotype 1 was the most predominant (56/65 samples), followed by genotypes 3 (6 samples) and 5 (1 sample), and two unclassified samples. No relationship between the genotypes and breeds was observed. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that unclassified BLV genotypes clustered with genotype 1 sequences were, therefore, not new genotypes. 相似文献
28.
SACHIHIKO ITOH TOSHIRO SARUWATARI HARUKA NISHIKAWA ICHIRO YASUDA KOSEI KOMATSU ATSUSHI TSUDA TAKASHI SETOU MANABU SHIMIZU 《Fisheries Oceanography》2011,20(2):114-124
Environmental variability and growth‐rate histories from hatching to capture were investigated for larval Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) and Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus). Larvae collected around the front of the Kuroshio Current were examined using otolith microstructure analysis, and their movement was estimated from numerical particle‐tracking experiments. Sardine larvae collected inshore of the Kuroshio front originated from a coastal area near the sampling site, while those collected in the offshore area originated from an area 500–800 km west‐southwest of the sampling site. Anchovy larvae collected both inshore and offshore had been transported from widely distributed spawning areas located west of the sampling area. At the age of 13–14 days for sardine and 19–20 days for anchovy, the offshore group exhibited significantly higher mean growth rates than did the inshore group. Although the offshore area was generally warmer than the inshore area, temporal variations in growth rate are not attributable solely to fluctuations in environmental temperature. While previous studies have examined the relationship between larval growth rates and environment based solely on data at capture, the methods used in the present study, combining otolith analysis and numerical particle‐tracking experiments, utilize data up until hatching. Although the relationship between growth rate and environment was not fully confirmed, this approach will greatly advance our understanding of fish population dynamics. 相似文献
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