全文获取类型
收费全文 | 58702篇 |
免费 | 6087篇 |
国内免费 | 298篇 |
专业分类
林业 | 2443篇 |
农学 | 2293篇 |
基础科学 | 434篇 |
8736篇 | |
综合类 | 8029篇 |
农作物 | 2359篇 |
水产渔业 | 4966篇 |
畜牧兽医 | 30591篇 |
园艺 | 634篇 |
植物保护 | 4602篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 607篇 |
2020年 | 995篇 |
2019年 | 1582篇 |
2018年 | 1799篇 |
2017年 | 1916篇 |
2016年 | 1775篇 |
2015年 | 1494篇 |
2014年 | 1740篇 |
2013年 | 3233篇 |
2012年 | 2112篇 |
2011年 | 2432篇 |
2010年 | 1944篇 |
2009年 | 1646篇 |
2008年 | 2197篇 |
2007年 | 1837篇 |
2006年 | 1764篇 |
2005年 | 1549篇 |
2004年 | 1467篇 |
2003年 | 1479篇 |
2002年 | 1330篇 |
2001年 | 1726篇 |
2000年 | 1729篇 |
1999年 | 1255篇 |
1998年 | 546篇 |
1997年 | 602篇 |
1995年 | 563篇 |
1994年 | 487篇 |
1992年 | 909篇 |
1991年 | 1067篇 |
1990年 | 977篇 |
1989年 | 1010篇 |
1988年 | 928篇 |
1987年 | 844篇 |
1986年 | 931篇 |
1985年 | 829篇 |
1984年 | 656篇 |
1983年 | 602篇 |
1979年 | 790篇 |
1978年 | 585篇 |
1977年 | 506篇 |
1976年 | 508篇 |
1975年 | 553篇 |
1974年 | 678篇 |
1973年 | 679篇 |
1972年 | 685篇 |
1971年 | 547篇 |
1970年 | 556篇 |
1969年 | 576篇 |
1968年 | 500篇 |
1967年 | 499篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
981.
Genetic parameters for spawning and growth traits in the Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei)
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Aquaculture Research》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Alejandra Caballero‐Zamora Eugenia Guadalupe Cienfuegos‐Rivas Hugo H Montaldo Gabriel Ricardo Campos‐Montes Alfonso Martínez‐Ortega Héctor Castillo‐Juárez 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(4):833-839
The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for spawning traits and growth traits in a breeding line of Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei, selected for growth and survival. Traits studied were number of eggs (NE) and number of nauplii (NN) and female body weight at insemination (FWI) and body weight at 130 days of age (BW130). Genetic parameters were estimated using a multivariate animal model. Heritability for NE and NN were estimated as 0.13 ± 0.04 and 0.03 ± 0.04 respectively. The contribution to NN total variation due to ‘factors associated with male’ effect was estimated as 0.47 ± 0.07. In the cases of FWI and BW130, heritability was estimated as 0.44 ± 0.08 and 0.19 ± 0.03 respectively. Genetic correlation between FWI and NE was estimated as 0.49 ± 0.15, between FWI and NN as 0.54 ± 0.39 and between NE and NN as 0.27 ± 0.41, whereas the genetic correlations of FWI, NE and NN with BW130 were 0.30 ± 0.13, ?0.21 ± 0.19 and ?0.25 ± 0.38 respectively. Although it is important to perform more studies on this issue, our results found no evidence of a genetic antagonistic effect between female reproductive traits and body weight at harvesting (130 days of age) in P. vannamei. 相似文献
982.
Histochemical localization of proteolytic activities in the dorsal epidermis of Japanese eel was demonstrated by fluorescent microscopy utilizing 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide (4M$\beta$NA) derivatives as substrates and 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde as a trapping agent. Carbobenzoxy-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginyl-4M$\beta$NA (Cbz-Phe-Arg-4M$\beta$NA) and Cbz-Arg-Arg-4M$\beta$NA were used for direct detection of cathepsins L and B activities, respectively, in fresh frozen sections and unfixed cells of the eel epidermis. The fluorescing areas, where Cbz-Phe-Arg-4M$\beta$NA was hydrolyzed by cathepsin L, were shown in mucus secretory cells and club cells and broadly around skin surface. The fluorescing areas due to Cbz-Arg-Arg-4M$\beta$NA hydrolysis by cathepsin B were localized similarly in these tissues. The fluorescing intensity for both catheptic activities in mucus secretory cells was higher than that in club cells, where small fluorescing granules were distributed. These results indicate that eel cathepsins L and B are stored in epidermal secretory cells at different levels and probably serve as defense factors before or after secretion by these cells. Abbreviations: Cbz – carbobenzoxy; 4M$\beta$NA – 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide; NSA – 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde. 相似文献
983.
CHRISTOPHER N. ROOPER JENNIFER L. BOLDT SONIA BATTEN CHRISTOPHER GBURSKI 《Fisheries Oceanography》2012,21(6):415-429
Nursery areas for juvenile fishes are often important for determining recruitment in marine populations by providing habitats that can maximize growth and thereby minimize mortality. Pacific ocean perch (POP, Sebastes alutus) have an extended juvenile period where they inhabit rocky nursery habitats. We examined POP nursery areas to link growth potential to recruitment. Juvenile POP were captured from nursery areas in 2004 and 2008, and estimated growth rates ranged from ?0.19 to 0.60 g day?1 based on differences in size between June and August. Predicted growth rates from a bioenergetics model ranged from 0.05 to 0.49 g day?1 and were not significantly different than observed. Substrate preferences and the distribution of their preferred habitats were utilized to predict the extent of juvenile POP nursery habitat in the Gulf of Alaska. Based on densities of fish observed on underwater video transects and the spatial extent of nursery areas, we predicted 278 and 290 million juvenile POP were produced in 2004 and 2008. Growth potential for juvenile POP was reconstructed using the bioenergetics model, spring zooplankton bloom timing and duration and bottom water temperature for 1982–2008. When a single outlying recruitment year in 1986 was removed, growth potential experienced by juvenile POP in nursery areas was significantly correlated to the recruitment time‐series from the stock assessment, explaining ~30% of the variability. This research highlights the potential to predict recruitment using habitat‐based methods and provides a potential mechanism for explaining some of the POP recruitment variability observed for this population. 相似文献
984.
985.
Effects of tagging on migration behaviour,survival and growth of hatchery‐reared Atlantic salmon smolts
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Fisheries Management and Ecology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
R. Huusko A. Huusko A. Mäki‐Petäys P. Orell J. Erkinaro 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2016,23(5):367-375
The effects of four different tagging methods (PIT, anchor T‐tag, Carlin tag and dummy radio transmitter) on survival, behaviour and growth of Atlantic salmon smolts during their downstream migration were examined in semi‐natural circular channels during a natural migration period in spring. Survival of smolts was high and tagging wounds healed well in all tagging groups. Tag loss rates were generally low, being the highest (2.5%) in the dummy radio transmitter group. Total length and body mass of the tagged and untagged smolts did not differ at the end of the experiment. Migration activity of smolts generally showed similar patterns among the treatments. However, Carlin‐tagged smolts started their migration slightly later than the PIT‐tagged fish, and smolts tagged with Carlin tag or dummy radio transmitter showed less overall migration activity than fish with PIT tag. 相似文献
986.
Soy protein concentrate as a substitute for fish meal in diets for juvenile Acanthopagrus schlegelii: effects on growth,phosphorus discharge and digestive enzyme activity
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Aquaculture Research》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Hameeda Kalhoro Jing Zhou Ying Hua Wing‐Keong Ng Lian Ye Jinzhi Zhang Qingjun Shao 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(5):1896-1906
The current high demand and cost of fish meal (FM) necessities the evaluation of alternative plant protein ingredients in diets of farmed marine fish. A 56‐day feeding trial was performed to study the effects of replacement of FM with soy protein concentrate (SPC) in diets of Acanthopagrus schlegelii. Diets were prepared at levels of 0%, 30%, 47.5%, 65%, 82.5% and 100% SPC, respectively, replacing FM. The results indicated no significant differences (p > .05) in % weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate of fish fed S30% to S82.5% diets compared with the control diet while, further inclusion at 100% significantly depressed growth performance. SPC inclusion and phytase supplementation significantly affected the phosphorous discharge (P‐load) showing lowest value (3.83 ± 0.53 g/kg WG) in S100% compared to control (14.79 ± 0.37 g/kg WG) and in fish fed S30% diet (13.24 ± 0.89 g/kg WG) (p < .05). The results of this study showed that FM could be substituted up to 82.5% by SPC in the diet of Acanthopagrus schlegelii fingerlings (5.53 ± 0.12 g) without any adverse effects. Phytase supplementation SPC based diets could be effective in reducing the phosphorus load in the aquatic culture environment. 相似文献
987.
热稳定脱脂米糠(HDRB)中蛋白质已严重变性,采用常规方法很难提取其中蛋白质。本研究其目的在于评价不同碳水化合物酶和蛋白质水解酶组合在HDRB蛋白质提取的作用,以及利用响应曲面方法优化蛋白质提取组合条件。结果发现使用果胶酶P-Ⅱ处理HDRB,继后对其残渣进行蛋白酶P处理,蛋白质提取率可达到80%。采用中心成分回归设计进一步对果胶酶P-Ⅱ、蛋白酶P、水糠比、温度、pH、提取时间进行RSM优化,最大蛋白质提取率可达到89%。本研究为合理利用米糠蛋白及利用米糠蛋白制备功能性短肽提供了可靠的方法。 相似文献
988.
Sanjeev Sharma K. Siddhnath N. K. Mehta Apurba Saha Shubham Gupta 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(8):808-820
ABSTRACTThe study aimed to evaluate the effects of carrot concentrated protein (CCP) as additive on the functional and textural properties of surimi from striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) during six months of frozen storage (?20°C). The CCP (82.22% crude protein) was used as an additive either a lone or with a synthetic cryoprotectant (sucrose-sorbitol-sodium tri-polyphosphate). Control was made with synthetic cryoprotectant only. Molecular weight of CCP was found to be 36 kDa. After six months, the results revealed that up to 50% of synthetic cryoprotectants could be replaced by CCP during frozen storage of surimi. Biochemical parameters such as protein solubility, Ca2+ATPase activity, and gel strength decreased significantly (p < .05) during storage. Treatment T-3 (CCP 0.5% + 50% of synthetic cryoprotectant) maintained quality of protein significantly superior (p < .05) in respect to denaturation and other functional and sensory attributes compared to all the treatments. The microstructure images of surimi confirmed that addition of CCP modified the ice crystal growth during frozen storage. This study suggests that CCP can be a potential additive to protect protein from denaturation along with partial replacement of chemical cryoprotectants. 相似文献
989.
Lee LE Van Es SJ Walsh SK Rainnie DJ Donay N Summerfield R Cawthorn RJ 《Journal of fish diseases》2006,29(8):467-480
Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis is an ubiquitous amphizoic marine protozoan and has been implicated as the causative agent for several diseases in marine organisms, most notably amoebic gill disease (AGD) in Atlantic salmon. Despite several reports on the pathology of AGD, relatively little is known about the protozoan and its relationship to host cells. In this study, an in vitro approach using monolayers of a rainbow trout gill cell line (RTgill-W1, ATCC CRL-2523) was used to rapidly grow large numbers of N. pemaquidensis (ATCC 50172) and investigate cell-pathogen interactions. Established cell lines derived from other tissues of rainbow trout and other fish species were also evaluated for amoeba growth support. The amoebae showed preference and highest yield when grown with RTgill-W1 over nine other tested fish cell lines. Amoeba yields could reach as high as 5 x 10(5) cells mL(-1) within 3 days of growth on the gill cell monolayers. The amoebae caused visible focal lesions in RTgill-W1 monolayers within 24 h of exposure and rapidly proliferated and spread with cytopathic effects destroying the neighbouring pavement-like cells within 48-72 h after initial exposure in media above 700 mOsm kg(-1). Disruption of the integrity of the gill cell monolayers could be noted within 30 min of exposure to the amoeba suspensions by changes in transepithelial resistance (TER) compared with control cell monolayers maintained in the exposure media. This was significantly different by 2 h (P < 0.05) compared with control cells and remained significantly different (P < 0.01) for the remaining 72 h that the TER was monitored. The RTgill-W1 cell line is thus a convenient model for growing N. pemaquidensis and for studying host-pathogen interactions in AGD. 相似文献
990.
Evaluation and characterization of a novel probiotic Lactobacillus pentosus PL11 isolated from Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) for its use in aquaculture
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Aquaculture Nutrition》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
S.‐J. Lee M.‐A. Hossain S. Belew J.‐Y. Kim M.‐H. Rhee J.‐C. Kim S.‐C. Park 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2015,21(4):444-456
In the present study, a potential Lactobacilli probiotics were isolated from Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) and characterized and evaluated for their possible use in eel farming. Sixteen Lactobacilli were isolated from intestines of Japanese eels, using selective media. The lactobacilli strains (represented as PL1 to PL16) were screened by their ability to produce digestive enzyme. Among these, three strains (PL11, PL13 and PL16) producing four digestive enzymes (amylase, cellulase, protease and phytase) simultaneously were characterized further using API ZYM kit. From these, PL11 (Lactobacillu (L.) pentosus) was identified as potential probiotics candidate producing 15 enzymes among 20 tested. Further examination of biological activities of PL11 revealed tolerance against pH, artificial bile juice and antibacterial activity against several fish pathogenic bacteria. The in vitro competitive exclusion assay also revealed 88.4% reduction in adhesion of fish pathogen (Edwardsiella tarda) by PL11 to host intestinal mucus. In vitro incubation of Japanese eel foregut with Baclight‐labelled PL11 showed colonization of the enterocyte surface by confocal and scanning electron microscopy. In summary, PL11 isolated from eels could serve as a potential probiotics with acid and bile tolerance, production of digestive enzymes, antibacterial activity and inhibition of fish pathogen adhesion to intestinal mucus. 相似文献