Acylated flavonol glycoside from Platanus orientalis

The ethylacetate and n-butanol fractions of ethanolic extract of Platanus orientalis leaves led to the isolation of new acylated flavonol glycoside as 3',5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavonol 3-[O-2-O-(2,4-Dihydroxy)-E-cinnamoyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside, along with seven known compounds. All the compounds were characterized by NMR including 2D NMR techniques. The isolates were evaluated for NF-κB, nitric oxide (NO), aromatase and QR2 chemoprevention activities and some of them appeared to be modestly active.     

Development and characterization of five novel cell lines from snubnose pompano,Trachinotus blochii (Lacepede, 1801), and their application in gene expression and virological studies

Five novel permanent cell lines have been established from gill, heart, kidney, eye and fin of snubnose pompano, Trachinotus blochii. They were designated as snubnose pompano gill (SPG), snubnose pompano heart (SPH), snubnose pompano kidney (SPK), snubnose pompano eye (SPE) and snubnose pompano fin (SPF), respectively. All these cell lines were characterized and cryopreserved successfully at different passage levels. Cell lines were passaged every alternate day; SPG, SPH, SPK, SPE and SPF cell lines attained passage levels of 68, 74, 82, 79 and 106, respectively, since the initiation of their development in 2019. The cell lines grew well in Leibovitz's 15 medium containing 15% foetal bovine serum at 28°C. Immunophenotyping of the cell lines revealed the presence of fibronectin and pancytokeratin. No mycoplasma contamination was found. The transfection study revealed the gene expression efficiency of these cell lines by expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP). The authentication on origin of cell lines from T. blochii was confirmed by amplification of species-specific mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene. The results showed the susceptibility of these cell lines to fish nodavirus (FNV) and tilapia lake virus (TiLV) and resistance to cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2). The FNV infection in the cell lines was confirmed by RT-PCR, Western blot, ELISA and immunocytochemistry, while TiLV infection was confirmed by RT-PCR assay. These results revealed that these cell lines are suitable for virological and foreign gene expression studies.     

Clinical applications of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction in veterinary practice

Adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (AdSVF) comprises a heterogeneous cell population, including the multipotent mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and pericytes. As such, multipotent adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs), are one of the important components of AdSVF. Commonly used techniques to harvest AdSVF involve enzymatic or non-enzymatic methods. The enzymatic method is considered to be the gold standard technique due to its higher yield. The cellular components of AdSVF can be resuspended in normal saline, platelet-rich plasma, or phosphate-buffered saline to produce a ready-to-use solution. Freshly isolated AdSVF has exhibited promising osteogenic and vasculogenic capacity. AdSVF has already been proven to possess therapeutic potential for osteoarthritis management. It is also an attractive therapeutic option for enhancing wound healing. In addition, the combined use of AdSVF and platelet-rich plasma has an additive stimulatory effect in accelerating wound healing and can be considered an alternative to AdMSC treatment. It is also widely used for managing various orthopaedic conditions in clinical settings and has the potential for regenerating bone, cartilage, and tendons. Autologous AdSVF cells are used along with bone substitutes and other biological factors as an alternative to conventional bone grafting techniques owing to their promising osteogenic and vasculogenic capacity. It can also be used for treating osteonecrosis, meniscus tear, chondromalacia, and tendon injuries in veterinary practice. It has several advantages over in vitro expanded AdMSC, including precluding the need for culturing, reduced risk of cell contamination, and cost-effectiveness, making it ideal for clinical use.     

The use of circular and hybrid external skeletal fixation systems to repair open tibial fractures in large ruminants: a report of six clinical cases

Veterinary Research Communications - A prospective clinical study consisting of six bovines (200–300 kg body weight) undergoing open tibial fractures was carried out, to evaluate the...     

Effects of nutrients omission on maize growth and nutrient uptake in three dominant soil types of southwestern Nigeria

Abstract

A pot experiment was conducted to determine most limiting nutrients for maize performance using nutrient omission treatments in three soil types of southwestern Nigeria. There were six treatments; full nutrient [120?kg nitrogen (N)/ha, 40?kg phosphorus (P)/ha, 80?kg potassium (K)/ha, 10?kg molybdenum (Mo)/ha, and 5?kg zinc (Zn)/ha]; full nutrient minus N, P, K, Mo, and Zn including control was replicated thrice. Treatments were arranged as split plot in a complete randomized design. Data were collected on growth parameters, shoot, root dry weights, and NPK uptakes. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means separated using LSD_0.05. Majeroku and Egbeda soils and full nutrient supported better maize growth and NPK uptakes. Shoot weight was higher in Egbeda while root weight was higher in Itagunmodi soil. Phosphorus was the most limiting in Egbeda and Itagunmodi soils, and nitrogen in Majeroku soil. In conclusion, maize growth, nutrient uptake and most limiting nutrient varied with soil types.     

Differential response of cowpea lines to aluminum and phosphorus application

Two pot experiments were conducted, one to evaluate the levels of tolerance of fifteen cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] lines to aluminum (Al) application, and the second to determine the effect of phosphorus (P) addition on the performance of Al‐tolerant lines (IT 91K‐93–10, IT 93K‐2046–1, and IT 90K‐2 77–2) and Al‐sensitive lines (IT 86D‐719, IT 90K‐284–2, and IT 89KD‐349) in an Alfisol with Al amendment. Fourteen of the fifteen lines tested showed decreased root biomass (between 19 to 81% reduction) with Al addition, but this effect was significant for eight of them. Fewer lines showed decreased shoot biomass and grain yield with Al application. Despite little change in nodule number following Al application, there was a significant decrease in nodule weight (between 24 and 53% reduction) for nearly all lines. Phosphorus fertilization increased shoot and root biomass, grain yield, nodule number, and weight, and nitrogen (N) and P content of nearly all lines. Al‐tolerant lines showed higher response in shoot and root biomass and nodulation to P fertilization than Al‐sensitive lines, with the highest response from IT 90K‐277–2. Increase in shoot dry weight as a result of P fertilization was from 64 to 107% for Al‐tolerant lines and from 44 to 48% for the Al‐sensitive lines, and increase in root dry weight was from 46 to 86% for the Al‐tolerant lines and from 7 to 42% for the Al‐sensitive lines. Results of these trials indicated that lines IT 91K‐93–10, IT 93K‐2046–1, and IT 90K‐277–2 have potential for good performance in soil with Al toxicity problems, and that cowpea lines with inherent genetic tolerance to Al will give higher response to P fertilization when grown in soil with Al toxicity problems.     

Two new coumarins from Euonymus hamiltonianus

Two new coumarins, named Euonidiol (1) and Euoniside (2) were isolated from the aerial parts of Euonymus hamiltonianus.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of orbifloxacin against Staphylococcus intermedius isolates from canine skin and ear infections

The objective of the study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of orbifloxacin against Staphylococcus intermedius strains isolated in France from canine skin and ear infections. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of orbifloxacin against 240 field S. intermedius isolates (69 skin and 171 ear isolates) ranged from 0.016 to 8 mg l(-1), with MIC50 and MIC90 equal to 0.5 and 1 mg l(-1), respectively. Only one strain, a pyoderma isolate was resistant (MIC=8 mg l(-1)). Orbifloxacin was tested at different concentrations for killing rate against five isolates obtained from pyoderma cases and against a reference strain (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213). Orbifloxacin expressed a concentration-dependent bactericidal activity against the S. aureus reference strain, but a time-dependent bactericidal activity against S. intermedius. Orbifloxacin induced bactericidal effect against the S. intermedius strains tested with concentrations equal to or two times MIC.     

Advances in therapeutic and managemental approaches of bovine mastitis: a comprehensive review

Mastitis (intramammary inflammation) caused by infectious pathogens is still considered a devastating condition of dairy animals affecting animal welfare as well as economically incurring huge losses to the dairy industry by means of decreased production performance and increased culling rates. Bovine mastitis is the inflammation of the mammary glands/udder of bovines, caused by bacterial pathogens, in most cases. Routine diagnosis is based on clinical and subclinical forms of the disease. This underlines the significance of early and rapid identification/detection of etiological agents at the farm level, for which several diagnostic techniques have been developed. Therapeutic regimens such as antibiotics, immunotherapy, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, probiotics, stem cell therapy, native secretory factors, nutritional, dry cow and lactation therapy, genetic selection, herbs, and nanoparticle technology-based therapy have been evaluated for their efficacy in the treatment of mastitis. Even though several strategies have been developed over the years for the purpose of managing both clinical and subclinical forms of mastitis, all of them lacked the efficacy to eliminate the associated etiological agent when used as a monotherapy. Further, research has to be directed towards the development of new therapeutic agents/techniques that can both replace conventional techniques and also solve the problem of emerging antibiotic resistance. The objective of the present review is to describe the etiological agents, pathogenesis, and diagnosis in brief along with an extensive discussion on the advances in the treatment and management of mastitis, which would help safeguard the health of dairy animals.     

Effect of passage through the gut of Eocanthecona furcellata on Spodoptera litura multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infectivity and its subsequent dissemination

Infectivity of Spodoptera litura multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltMNPV) was compared between before (P0) and after (P1–P4) passage in subsequent generations through the gut of Eocanthecona furcellata. Viable virus was detected in E. furcellata feces up to 6 days after feeding on infected S. litura larvae. NPV mortality ranged between 93% and 10% when test larvae were exposed to polyhedra voided in feces collected after 1 and 6 days post-infected meal, respectively. The mean number of polyhedral occlusion bodies (POBs) in excreta and their infectivity (%) at all passages did not vary significantly. The comparison of observed LD₅₀ and ST₅₀ values among all passages did not reveal significant differences owing to their overlapping confidence limits. The gut-passed virus did not show a detrimental effect on survival rate, longevity, fecundity and percent egg hatchability of E. furcellata in the subsequent three generations. A field trial was also conducted to estimate virus dissemination through feces of predators that were fed upon prey infected with polyhedra before passage, after passage and healthy (control) prey and subsequently released on cabbage plants. An additional viral mortality up to the magnitude of 13–17% was noticed in the former two treatments. However, within these two treatments the viral mortality did not vary significantly. It was concluded that E. furcellata disseminated the virus through their feces into the ecosystem without any adverse effect to it and infectivity of the SpltMNPV is not altered after passage through the gut of the predator.