Withdrawal time of four pharmaceutical formulations of enrofloxacin in poultry according to different maximum residues limits

San Martin, B., Cornejo, J., Lapierre, L., Iragüen, D., Pérez, F., Hidalgo, H., Andre, F. Withdrawal time of four pharmaceutical formulations of enrofloxacin in poultry according to different maximum residues limits. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 33 , 246–251. To ensure delivery of safe animal products to consumers, the withdrawal time (WDT) of drugs must be respected. Property differences among pharmaceutical formulations, for the same drugs, can lead to differences in the WDTs estimation. The WDTs of four commercial formulations of enrofloxacin (ENRO) in broiler chickens, considering MRLs established by different countries, were studied. Two hundred‐thirty‐four broiler chicks were allotted among four groups; the formulations were orally administered daily with 10 mg/kg bw. After treatment, six chickens of each group and two controls were slaughtered daily until day 9 post‐treatment. Samples of muscle and liver were collected, and analyzed using HPLC‐MS‐MS. The WDTs among formulations of ENRO showed differences of 24 and 48 h. Based on the European Community and Chile MRLs of 100 μg/kg (muscle) and 200 μg/kg (liver), the WDTs did not exceed 5 days. When Japan MRL was considered (10 μg/kg_,), the WDTs increased up to 8 days. These results indicate that for WDTs determination, the differences among pharmaceutical formulations of a drug must be considered as well as the MRLs.     

家蚕对8种除草剂农药的毒性反应

近年来农资部门和植保部门出售的除草剂品种繁多,新药不断出现,有许多除草剂在大田作物和桑园中使用,这些除草剂农药对家蚕的毒性如何?笔者等近年来做了大田常用除草剂农药对家蚕的毒性试验,本文报道8种除草剂对家蚕的触杀毒力、安全间隔期及中毒症状,以便为蚕农科学用药提供依据。 1 材料与方法 1.1 供试农药 市售41%农达水剂(美国孟山都公司),72%2,4－D丁酯水剂(河北万全农药厂),盖草能(中国农业生产资料集团公司分装),2%使它隆乳油(美国陶氏益农公司),20%克无踪水溶液(英国卜内门化学工业有限公司),50%高特克悬浮剂(德国艾格福公司),50%扑草劲可湿性粉剂(昆明农药厂)和10%新代力可湿性粉剂(浙江省乐清市乐吉化工厂)共8种。 1.2 供试蚕品种 春季781×782*734,秋季苏3*秋3×苏4*苏12,由省农科院蚕研所春用组提供。 1.3 试验地点及桑品种 在本所生理病理室和桑树研究室进行,6年生油桑品种,低干养成,7500株／ha     

4个猪种H-FABP基因5'-上游区和第二内含子的遗传变异

利用PCR-RFLP技术(限制性内切酶采用HaeⅢ,HinfⅠ,MspⅠ)检测了杜洛克、长白、大约克、湖北白猪等4个猪品种共计161头猪H-FABP基因位点的遗传变异。结果在4个猪品种H-FABP基因5’-上游区验证了HinfⅠ-RFLP,在该位点上,杜洛克猪和长白猪的基因型分布相似,二者与湖北白猪、大白猪之间的差异达到显著水平,湖北白猪与大白猪的基因型分布差异达到极显著水平;在4个猪品种H-FABP基因第二内含子验证了HaeⅢ-RFLP和MspⅠ-RFLP,在HaeⅢ-RFLP位点上,杜洛克猪、长白猪、湖北白猪3个品种的基因型分布差异不显著,大白猪与上述3个品种的基因型分布存在极显著差异;在MspⅠ-RFLP位点上,长白猪、湖北白猪、大白猪的基因型分布差异不显著,三者与杜洛克猪之间的差异达显著水平。     

Deciduoid peritoneal mesothelioma in a dog

Deciduoid mesothelioma is a rare variant of epithelial mesothelioma, up to now only described in human pathology, which bears remarkable cytomorphologic resemblance to the endometrium of pregnancy, termed decidua. A case of peritoneal mesothelioma with deciduoid features in a 10-year-old, female dog is reported. Multiple whitish-gray nodules (1-5 mm in diameter) in parietal peritoneum and mesentery were histologically composed of large, proliferating, polygonal or ovoid cells with an abundant eosinophilic, glassy cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical evaluation indicated that the neoplastic cells coexpressed cytokeratin and vimentin with strong and diffuse cytoplasmic staining, and ultrastructural analysis showed long and slender mesothelial-type microvilli; these findings confirmed the mesothelial origin of the tumor.     

龟纹瓢虫成虫对高粱蚜的捕食作用

室内条件下进行了龟纹瓢虫成虫对高粱蚜的捕食功能反应与搜寻效应试验。结果表明,龟纹瓢虫雌雄成虫的捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型方程;龟纹瓢虫成虫的捕食量随猎物密度的增加而增加,而搜寻效应随之降低。龟纹瓢虫雌雄成虫处理1头高粱蚜虫所需的时间(Th)分别为0.017 d和0.024 d;瞬间攻击率(a)分别为1.661和2.967;最大日捕食量分别为58.824头和41.667头。龟纹瓢虫的捕食量受种内干扰影响,随着龟纹瓢虫密度的增加,单头平均捕食量呈下降趋势。在龟纹瓢虫成虫2头/皿时,分摊竞争强度(I)仅为0.0689,说明此密度下龟纹瓢虫成虫捕食高粱蚜时种内干扰效应很低。     

Analysis of Lupinus albus storage proteins by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry

A laboratory-prepared total protein extract (TPE) and a lupin protein isolate (LPI-E) produced in a pilot plant were submitted to a detailed two-dimensional (2DE) proteomic investigation. Recent findings have indicated that in an established rodent model of hyperlipidemia, moderate daily intakes of LPI-Es lead to a reduction of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and the knowledge of the actual composition of the protein sample used in that study is at the basis of further structure/action investigations. The experimental results indicate that the semi-industrial procedure used for the production of LPI-E damages only marginally the proteins. It does, however, cleave some disulfide bridges and induce mild proteolysis, as confirmed by the higher number of resolved protein spots in the low Mr and acidic pI region of the 2DE map. Out of 72 spots submitted to mass spectrometry and compared with available protein databases, 42 correspond to fragments of beta-conglutin, the 7S globulin of lupin, spanning between positions 37 and 495 of the protein sequence. Using the bioinformatic tool BlastP, these peptides were compared to the alpha'-subunit of beta-conglycinin, the 7S globulin of soybean, this being the most active hypocholesterolemic component of soybean protein, as shown by in vitro and in vivo experiments. At least 18 peptides derived from beta-conglutin, having a percentage identity higher than 50% and a similarity percentage higher than 70% vs the alpha'-subunit of beta-conglycinin, are likely candidates to be the biologically active components of lupin protein.     

Shading decreases the growth rate of young apple fruit by reducing their phloem import

This study investigates the effects of shading on the biophysical mechanisms of apple (Malus Domestica Bork.) fruit growth by assessing how vascular and transpiration flows to/from the fruit are affected by shading. At 30 days after full bloom, a 90% neutral shading net was applied to four trees of the cv. Gala, for seven days, while four more trees, chemically thinned, were used as control. Fruit vascular and transpiration flows were assessed from two days before, to the end of shading. The daily patterns of fruit relative growth rate (RGR) and of phloem, xylem and transpiration flows were determined by continuous monitoring of fruit diameter by automatic fruit gauges. Before shading application, no differences between the two groups of trees selected were found for any of the parameters measured. Despite shading induced an immediate drop in canopy photosynthesis, both fruit daily RGR and phloem flow decreased gradually, until reaching 20% of the before treatment values after 7 days of shading. Differences in RGR and phloem flow appeared especially during the afternoon and night, i.e. post carbon assimilation by the tree, and fruit growth rates were higher in control trees. In the same period no, or very small differences were found between treatments for transpiration rates, while xylem flow was affected later than phloem and only at specific times during the day. These results suggest that the decrease in fruit growth rate under shading should be attributed to the reduction of canopy photosynthesis, rather than to a direct effect of shading on fruit sink strength.