Separation and Preliminary Identification of Intestinal Probiotics of Laying Hens

[Objective] The paper was to isolate and identify probiotics in the intestine of laying hens. [Method] The intestinal probiotics in laying hens at peak period were isolated using conventional separation methods; the physical and chemical properties of target strains and in vitro antibacterial effects were measured. Moreover, the safety test of chicks was conducted. [Result] Four strains of lactobacillus were isolated from the jejunum of laying hens, including Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus acidophilus, L. delbrueckii subsp. Delbrueckii and L. delbrueckii subsp. Lactis, and their inhibition zone diameters were 18.30, 16.07, 11.45, 17.26 mm, respectively. One strain of Lactobacillus, L. brevis, was isolated from the cecum, with the inhibition zone diameter of 10.26 mm. Three strains of bacillus were isolated from the cecum, including Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus and B. licheniformis, and their inhibition zone diameters were 9.25, 8.46 and 8.37 mm, respectively. Daily drinking 2 billion units of viable bacteria was the safe dosage for chicks. [Conclusion] Eight strains of probiotics had certain inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli O_2, and had no toxic side effects to chicks. Lactobacillus had strong antibacterial effect on E. coli O_2, while the antibacterial effect of bacillus was relatively weak.     

猪乙型脑炎病毒实验室检测方法研究进展

猪乙型脑炎严重危害着人类健康,给世界养猪业造成了极大经济损失。本文从血清学和病原学方面入手,综述了猪乙型脑炎病毒最新实验室检测方法研究进展,以期为该病的预防与控制提供参考。     

阉牛不同日粮的纤维消化,瘤胃内VFA对甲烷产生量的影响

装有瘤胃和真胃瘘管的成年阉牛４头，体重（５００±５０）ｋｇ，采用４×４完全拉丁方试验设计，在呼吸代谢室内就不同日粮的纤维消化、瘤胃内ＶＦＡ对甲烷产生量的影响进行了研究。结果表明：（１）可消化中性洗涤纤维（ＤＮＤＦ）和可消化酸性洗涤纤维（ＤＡＤＦ）的甲烷产生量，在不同加工细度羊草之间（７．５ｍｍ，１５ｍｍ，３５ｍｍ和长草）无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。（２）不同精粗比日粮（０∶１００，２５∶７５，５０∶５０，７５∶２５）的ＮＤＦ或ＡＤＦ降解量（ｋｇ／ｄ）与甲烷产生量呈较高的线性正相关（ｒ＝０．８６８９或ｒ＝０．９７７５），乙酸、丙酸、乙酸＋丙酸产量（ｍｏｌ／ｄ）以及乙酸／丙酸与ＣＨ４产生量（Ｌ／ｄ）之间均存在较高的线性相关（ｒ依次为０．９６９１，－０．９６８３，０．９７８９，０．８８３３）。     

Reviewing model application to support animal health decision making

Animal health is of societal importance as it affects human welfare, and anthropogenic interests shape decision making to assure animal health. Scientific advice to support decision making is manifold. Modelling, as one piece of the scientific toolbox, is appreciated for its ability to describe and structure data, to give insight in complex processes and to predict future outcome. In this paper we study the application of scientific modelling to support practical animal health decisions. We reviewed the 35 animal health related scientific opinions adopted by the Animal Health and Animal Welfare Panel of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Thirteen of these documents were based on the application of models. The review took two viewpoints, the decision maker's need and the modeller's approach. In the reviewed material three types of modelling questions were addressed by four specific model types. The correspondence between tasks and models underpinned the importance of the modelling question in triggering the modelling approach. End point quantifications were the dominating request from decision makers, implying that prediction of risk is a major need. However, due to knowledge gaps corresponding modelling studies often shed away from providing exact numbers. Instead, comparative scenario analyses were performed, furthering the understanding of the decision problem and effects of alternative management options. In conclusion, the most adequate scientific support for decision making - including available modelling capacity - might be expected if the required advice is clearly stated.     

Use of 3D printer technology to facilitate surgical correction of a complex vascular anomaly with esophageal entrapment in a dog

A 10 week old female intact Staffordshire terrier was presented with a total of five congenital cardio-thoracic vascular anomalies consisting of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with an aneurysmic dilation, pulmonic stenosis, persistent right aortic arch, aberrant left subclavian artery and persistent left cranial vena cava. These abnormalities were identified with a combination of echocardiogram and computed tomography angiography (CTA). The abnormalities were associated with esophageal entrapment, regurgitation, and volume overload of the left heart with left atrial and ventricular enlargement. A 2 cm diameter aneurysmic dilation at the junction of the PDA, right aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery presented an unusual surgical challenge and precluded simple circumferential ligation and transection of the structure. A full scale three dimensional model of the heart and vasculature was constructed from the CTA and plasma sterilized. The model was used preoperatively to facilitate surgical planning and enhance intraoperative communication and coordination between the surgical and anesthesia teams. Intraoperatively the model facilitated spatial orientation, atraumatic vascular dissection, instrument sizing and positioning. A thoracoabdominal stapler was used to close the PDA aneurysm prior to transection. At the four-month postoperative follow-up the patient was doing well. This is the first reported application of new imaging and modeling technology to enhance surgical planning when approaching correction of complex cardiovascular anomalies in a dog.     

四川省动物包虫病源头综合治理模式的建立与应用

动物包虫病防控工作是包虫病防治体系的重要组成部分,狠抓动物包虫病防控是治理包虫病危害的根本举措。四川省甘孜州石渠县是我国包虫病严重流行区之一。2015年石渠县启动防控试点工作以后,四川省组织形成了在藏区可复制、可推广的"双灭源、三切断、八举措"的"238"石渠模式。即以犬只驱虫和家畜免疫为核心,控制传染源;切断犬只虫卵污染环境、环境虫卵感染牛羊及人、牛羊病变内脏被犬只误食等3个传播循环链上的关键点;抓好犬只管控、家畜免疫、检疫监管、流调监测、鼠害治理、能力提升、宣教培训和防控保障等第8项举措。石渠县动物包虫病疫情得到有效遏制,犬和家畜平均感染率分别从2015年末的28.80%和42.95%降至2016年末的13.89%和37.83%。     

不同离子型表面活性剂对反刍动物瘤胃发酵调控的研究进展

表面活性剂是一种新型的反刍动物饲料添加剂,根据表面活性剂的分子结构,可将其分为阴离子型、阳离子型、两性离子型和非离子型表面活性剂,其作用机理是通过改变瘤胃微生物种群数量进而增加瘤胃内源性酶的分泌量、分泌酶活性或促进酶与底物之间的相互作用,改变瘤胃发酵模式,提高瘤胃微生物对粗饲料的降解能力,进而提高反刍动物生产性能。作者主要综述了表面活性剂的分类及几种常见的表面活性剂对反刍动物瘤胃发酵调控的影响,其中包括非离子型（吐温、烷基多糖苷、茶皂素）、两性离子型（甜菜碱、大豆磷脂）和阴离子型（十二烷基苯磺酸钠、磺基丁二酸钠二辛酯）;介绍了日粮中添加不同离子型表面活性剂对反刍动物瘤胃微生物种群数量、内源酶活、发酵产物等影响,为新型表面活性剂的开发和表面活性剂在反刍动物日粮中的合理应用提供参考依据。     

黔东南州山羊布鲁氏菌病血清学调查研究

为了掌握黔东南州山羊布鲁氏菌病的感染情况,为制定防治措施提供科学依据,2012年采集了4个县的部分规模养羊场血清共1461份（A县541份、B县410份、C县368份、D县142份）,先用琥红平板试验进行检测,将检出的阳性血清再用试管凝集试验进行确定.结果：A县阳性数43份,阳性率为7.94％,B县阳性数99份,阳性率为24.14％;C县阳性数45份,阳性率为12.23％;D县阳性数12份,阳性率为8.45％.根据检测结果,对检出的阳性羊进行淘汰和无害化处理,并采取了一系列的综合防治措施.     

四川省攀西地区山羊泰勒虫病血清学检测

为了解四川省攀西地区山羊泰勒虫病流行情况,用双抗原夹心ELISA方法,对采自凉山彝族自治州和攀枝花市10个县/市的640份山羊血清样品进行检测。结果显示:攀西地区10个县/市羊泰勒虫血清抗体阳性率介于52.78%～100%,平均阳性率为73.44%(470/640);春季阳性率最高,秋季最低;经卡方检验,不同地区和季节的羊泰勒虫血清抗体阳性率差异均显著(χ~2=54.392,P 0.01和χ~2=38.157,P 0.01)。结果表明,攀西地区羊泰勒虫病流行较为严重,且流行呈现明显的地区和季节性特征。本研究为该地区羊泰勒虫病防控提供了流行病学参考数据。     

我国部分地区禽致病性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

从山东、河南、江苏、辽宁、河北、广西等10余个省、市、自治区临诊上有典型大肠杆菌病病变的病禽2000多只采集病料，分离培养和鉴定出504株大肠杆菌。其中126株，经O血清型鉴定，除18株未能定型，7株自凝外，共鉴定出101个分离株的O血清型，这些分离株覆盖了31个血清型，但以O78、O2、O45、O109、O18、O8/O93、O107、O53、O154等10个血清型为主，共53株，占定型菌株的52．3％，前5种血清型在种类上只占定型菌株血清型的总数的16．1％，却拥有38个分离株，占定型菌株的37．6％。因此，可以认定O2、O78、O45、O109、O18等5个血清型为优势血清型。另外，融合株6个，占定型菌株5．9％，其中，O1／O154、O2／O86、O8／O93、O2／O78、O107／O154、O53／O80、O35／O107/O154、O4／O18／O142等为首次分离报道。药敏试验结果表明：82％的菌株对丁胺卡那霉素高敏，65％的菌株对头孢氨苄高敏，63％的菌株对壮观霉素高敏，50％的菌株对左旋氧氟沙星高敏，38％的菌株对新霉素和庆大霉素高敏。