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Proteolytic activity of sea trout hatching liquid was examined towards casein and azocazein as a function of pH and temperature.
The optimum pH for caseinolytic and azocaseinolytic activities were 9.4, and 9.0, respectively. At alkaline pH the enzyme
was activated by low concentrations of Zn2+ ions (10−5 M). Maximum proteolytic activity of the hatching liquid was observed at 25°C. Temperatures exceeding 30°C caused a rapid
reduction in enzyme activity. Proteolytic activity observed at 10°C was approximately 50% of that observed at 25°C. In general,
a pseudo-Arrhenius plot indicated a Q10 of 1.6 between 6 and 25°C. 相似文献
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Florian M.W. Grundler Miroslaw Sobczak Wladyslaw Golinowski 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(6):545-551
The induction and differentiation of feeding structures (syncytia) of the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana is accompanied by drastic cellular modifications. We investigated the formation of cell wall openings which occurred during syncytium differentiation. At the beginning of syncytium induction, a callose-like layer was deposited inside of the wall of the initial syncytial cell (ISC). First wall dissolutions developed by gradual widening of plasmodesmata between the ISC and neighbouring cells. As a general thickening of syncytial cell walls blocked existing plasmodesmata, other large openings were formed by enzymatic dissolution of intact walls by putative cellulase activity. 相似文献
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Piotr Wieczorek Dorota Miliszkiewicz Barbara Lejczak Miroslaw Soroka Pawel Kafarski 《Pest management science》1994,40(1):57-62
A series of N-(phosphonacetyl)amine derivatives were synthesized and screened for plant-growth regulating activity on Lepidium sativum L. and Cucumis sativus L. Aromatic N-(phosphonoacetyl)amines. which may be considered as possible analogues of N-acylaniline herbicides obtained by replacement of their acyl group by the phosphonacetyl moiety, exhibited significant or moderate herbicidal activity. In contrast, N-(phosphonoacetyl)amino acids and N-(phosphonoacetyl)aminophosphonic acids promoted the growth of L. sativum and C. sativus roots. 相似文献
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Landrault N Poucheret P Azay J Krosniak M Gasc F Jenin C Cros G Teissedre PL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(1):311-318
A Chardonnay white wine enriched in polyphenols was obtained by modification of winemaking and characterized by its enrichment in total polyphenolic content (1346 mg/L as compared to 316 mg/L for traditional Chardonnay) and in various individual polyphenols (catechin, epicatechin, procyanidins dimers B1-B4, gallic acid, cafeic acid, and caftaric acid), as determined from HPLC coupled to a diode array detector. The polyphenols-enriched white wine (W) or its ethanol-free derivative (EFW) was then administered by gavage (10 mL/kg, twice a day) for 6 weeks to rats that have been rendered diabetic by a single iv injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). Treatments had no effect on the symptoms associated with hyperglycemia. However, while a reduction in plasma antioxidant capacity was associated with the diabetic state, administration of W or EFW restored plasma antioxidant capacities to a level not significantly different from that of nondiabetic control animals. In addition, the effect of both treatments was manifested by the enlargement of mesenteric arteries, as determined by quantitative histomorphometry. In summary, our study indicates that white wine, when enriched in polyphenols, is able to induce ethanol-independent in vivo effects in a model of insulin-deficient diabetes characterized by a major oxidative stress. 相似文献
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P Koczoń W Lewandowski E Lipińska E Sobczak 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(6):2982-2986
Complexes of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, and zinc with m-iodobenzoic acid were studied. The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of the mentioned compounds in the solid state and water solutions were recorded and analyzed. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the wavenumbers of selected bands (eight bands) occurring in the vibrational spectra. The numbers obtained as a result of this procedure characterize the electronic properties of the molecule of each complex. The antimicrobial activity of the studied compounds against selected bacteria (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Hansenula anomala) was estimated. The relationship between the chemical properties (as characterized by PCA of the IR spectra) and antimicrobial properties of the compounds was examined, and a good correlation between the two factors was found. 相似文献
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Pawel Pasko Henryk Barton Pawel Zagrodzki Aleksandra Izewska Miroslaw Krosniak Malgorzata Gawlik Maciej Gawlik Shela Gorinstein 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2010,65(2):146-151
Oxidative stress plays an important role as a mediator of damage produced by fructose metabolism. This work was designed to
investigate the effect of diet supplemented with quinoa seeds on oxidative stress in plasma, heart, kidney, liver, spleen,
lung, testis and pancreas of fructose administered rats. Fructose administration (310 g/kg fodder for 5 weeks) caused oxidative
stress that was manifested by the increase in plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) (p<0.05), and by the non-significant changes in
the enzymatic antioxidant potential in plasma and most of tissues. Co-administration of quinoa seeds (310 g/kg fodder) maintained
normal activities of some enzymes. It also influenced the oxidative stress as was evidenced by decreasing MDA in plasma, and
decreasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (erythrocyte superoxide dismutase - eSOD, catalase -CAT, plasma glutathione
peroxidase - pGPX). These findings demonstrate that quinoa seeds can act as a moderate protective agent against potential
of fructose-induced changes in rats by reducing lipid peroxidation and by enhancing the antioxidant capacity of blood (plasma)
and heart, kidney, testis, lung and pancreas. 相似文献
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Miroslaw Sobczak Wladyslaw Golinowski Florian M.W. Grundler 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1997,103(2):113-124
Plant parasitic nematodes of the genus Heterodera show a high degree of sexual dimorphism, which is reflected by different nutritional demands and differences in the structure of the induced specific syncytial feeding site in the plant. The determination of the sex of the nematode Heterodera schachtii and other related species was repeatedly reported to be dependent on trophic factors, which are provided by the induced syncytia. The structural differences of syncytia induced by H. schachtii in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana were analysed at the anatomical and ultrastructural level. Syncytia of males were induced in the root pericycle. The developing syncytium then expanded into procambial or cambial cells of the vascular cylinder. Differentiated vascular elements were not included. The expansion of the syncytium triggered the proliferation of cambial and peridermal tissues, in a manner similar to secondary growth, and the formation of additional xylem and phloem elements. In comparison to syncytia associated with females, syncytia associated with males were less hypertrophied and were composed of more cells. Distinct cell wall openings were mostly found between the few strongly hypertrophied syncytial elements at the actual feeding site in the pericycle. The ultrastructure was very similar to female-associated syncytia but showed conspicuous differences in the structure and localization of cell wall ingrowths. These ingrowths were rare and weakly developed and occurred not only at the interface with xylem elements but also at the internal and external walls of the syncytia. After feeding had ceased at the end of the third developmental stage the syncytia degenerated. 相似文献
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Summary Conventional mutation techniques have often been used to improve yield, quality, disease and pest resistance in crops, or to increase the attractiveness of flowers and ornamental plants. More than 1700 mutant varieties involving 154 plant species have been officially released. In some economically important crops, e.g. barley, durum wheat and cotton, mutant varieties occupy the majority of cultivated areas in many countries. Mutation techniques have become one of the major tools in the breeding of ornamentals such as alstroemeria, begonia, chrysanthemum, carnation, dahlia and streptocarpus. The use of in vitro techniques such as anther culture, shoot organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis and protoplast fusion can overcome some of the limitations in the application of mutation techniques in both seed and vegetatively propagated crops. In vitro culture in combination with induced mutations can speed up breeding programmes, from the generation of variability, through selection, to multiplication of the desired genotypes. The expression of induced mutations in the pure homozygote obtained through microspore, anther or ovary culture, can enhance the rapid recovery of the desired traits. In some vegetatively propagated species, mutations in combination with in vitro culture technique, may be the only method of improving an existing cultivar. Currently, many molecular studies rely on the induction and identification of mutants in model species for construction and subsequent saturation of genetic maps, understanding of developmental genetics and elucidation of biochemical pathways. Once identified and isolated, the genes that encode agronomically-important features can be either introduced directly into crop plants or used as probes to search for similar genes in crop species. It seems most likely that the recent developments based on these technologies will soon provide improved methods for selection of desired mutants. 相似文献