Large-scale dynamics of a heterogeneous forest resource are driven jointly by geographically varying growth conditions, tree species composition and stand structure

? Context

Forest resource projections are required as part of an appropriate framework for sustainable forest management. Suitable large-scale projection models are usually based on national forest inventory (NFI) data. However, sound projections are difficult to make for heterogeneous resources as they vary greatly with respect to the factors that are assumed to drive forest dynamics on a large spatial scale, e.g. geographically varying growth conditions (here represented by NFI regions), tree species composition (here broadleaf-dominated, conifer-dominated and broadleaf-conifer mixed stands) and stand structure (here high forest, coppice forest and high-coppice forest mixture).

? Question and objective

Our question was how does the variance of forest dynamics parameters (i.e. growth, felling and mortality, and recruitment processes) and that of 20-year forest resource projections partition between these factors (NFI region, tree species composition and stand structure), including their interactions. Our objective was to capitalise on the suitability of an existing multi-strata, diameter class matrix model for the purposes of making projections for the highly heterogeneous French forest resource.

? Methods

The model was newly calibrated for the entire territory of metropolitan France based on most recent NFI data, i.e. for years 2006?C2008. The forest resource was divided into strata by crossing the factors NFI region, tree species composition and stand structure. The variance partitioning of the parameters and projections was assessed based on a model sensitivity analysis.

? Results

Growth, felling and mortality varied mainly with NFI region and species composition. Recruitment varied mainly with NFI region and stand structure. All three factors caused variations in resource projections, but with unequal intensities. Factor impacts included first order and interaction effects.

? Conclusions

We found, by considering both first order and interaction effects, that NFI region, species composition and stand structure are ecologically relevant factors that jointly drive the dynamics of a heterogeneous forest resource. Their impacts, in our study, varied depending on the forest dynamics process under consideration. Recruitment would appear to have a particularly great impact on resource changes over time.     

Testing the shade tolerance of selected crops under Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth. in an agroforestry parkland in Burkina Faso, West Africa

In Western Africa, interactions between trees and agricultural crops are a key element in determining parkland management in an agricultural environment that is rapidly changing. Eggplant (Solanum melongena), chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum), taro (Colocasia esculenta) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) were tested for their shade tolerance under Parkia biglobosa trees in south-central Burkina Faso using a split-plot design. Soil characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence and crop growth and yield were measured to quantify the effect of P. biglobosa on the crops and their environment. The experiment ran during 2?years. P. biglobosa suppressed the vegetative growth and yield of pearl millet in both years. Eggplant and chilli pepper were severely injured by the rains and produced fruits only during the first year. Eggplant yields were suppressed by trees to between one third and one tenth of the yield in the control plots. However, chilli pepper yields increased by up to 150% when grown under the tree canopy compared to the control. In both years, the vegetative growth and yield of taro was higher when grown in the shade than outside the tree canopy.