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排序方式: 共有240条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
151.
Christine B. Schmitt Neil D. Burgess Lauren Coad Alexander Belokurov Charles Besanon Lauriane Boisrobert Alison Campbell Lucy Fish Derek Gliddon Kate Humphries Valerie Kapos Colby Loucks Igor Lysenko Lera Miles Craig Mills Susan Minnemeyer Till Pistorius Corinna Ravilious Marc Steininger Georg Winkel 《Biological conservation》2009,142(10):2122-2130
This study presents a global analysis of forest cover and forest protection. An updated Global Forest Map (using MODIS2005) provided a current assessment of forest cover within 20 natural forest types. This map was overlaid onto WWF realms and ecoregions to gain additional biogeographic information on forest distribution. Using the 2008 World Database on Protected Areas, percentage forest cover protection was calculated globally, within forest types, realms and ecoregions, and within selected areas of global conservation importance. At the 10% tree cover threshold, global forest cover was 39 million km2. Of this, 7.7% fell within protected areas under IUCN management categories I–IV. With the inclusion of IUCN categories V and VI, the level of global forest protection increased to 13.5%. Percentage forest protection (IUCN I–IV) varied greatly between realms from 5.5% (Palearctic) to 13.4% (Australasia), and for forest types from 3.2% (temperate freshwater swamp forest) to 28% (temperate broadleaf evergreen forest). Median protection of forest cover in 670 ecoregions (forest above a specified threshold) was 5.9% (IUCN I–IV); at IUCN I–VI, 46% of the ecoregions had less than 10% forest protection. Considering their biodiversity importance, forest protection within global priority areas was insufficient, e.g., median protection of 8.4% in biodiversity hotspots (IUCN I–IV). Results have policy relevance in terms of the target of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), reconfirmed in 2008, to effectively conserve “at least 10% of each of the world’s forest types”. Regular updates of these analyses would allow progress towards achieving that target to be monitored. 相似文献
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153.
Tomasz Szmatoła Igor Jasielczuk Ewelina Semik-Gurgul Magdalena Szyndler-Nędza Tadeusz Blicharski Karolina Szulc Ewa Skrzypczak Artur Gurgul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2020,137(6):571-580
Runs of homozygosity (ROH) are continuous segments of the genome that arose as a result of inbreeding, resulting in the inheritance of identical haplotypes from both parents who shared a common ancestor. In the present study, we performed a detailed characterization and comparison of ROH in four pig breeds, including intensively selected Polish Landrace as well as native unselected animals of Puławska and two Złotnicka breeds (White and Spotted). We used a medium-density PorcineSNP60 BeadChip assay (Illumina) and cgaTOH software to detect ROH covering a minimum of 30 adjacent SNPs and maintaining a size over 1 Mb. By analysing ROH distribution and frequency across the genome, we also identified genomic regions with high ROH frequency (so-called “ROH hotspots”). The obtained results showed that the analysed conserved breeds were characterized by a higher ROH span and higher ROH-based inbreeding coefficients (FROH), which likely result from past population bottlenecks, increasing the overall inbreeding level within these populations. The analysis of ROH distribution across the genomes revealed the presence of both shared and breed-specific ROH hotspots. These hotspots, presumably representing genome regions under selection, overlapped with a variety of genes associated with processes connected with immune system functioning, reproduction, glucose homeostasis and metabolism. The genome regions with ROH hotspots overlapping in all analysed populations, located on SSC4 (51.9–55.9 Mb) and 13 (92.6–97.8 Mb), covered thirty-one different genes, including MMP16, SLC7A13, ATP6V0D2, CNGB3, WWiP1, RiMDN1 and CPNE3. These genes are primarily associated with biological regulation and metabolism, processes that could be responsible for the variety of the selected production and functional features. 相似文献
154.
Kovalenko I Zdyrko B Magasinski A Hertzberg B Milicev Z Burtovyy R Luzinov I Yushin G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6052):75-79
The identification of similarities in the material requirements for applications of interest and those of living organisms provides opportunities to use renewable natural resources to develop better materials and design better devices. In our work, we harness this strategy to build high-capacity silicon (Si) nanopowder-based lithium (Li)-ion batteries with improved performance characteristics. Si offers more than one order of magnitude higher capacity than graphite, but it exhibits dramatic volume changes during electrochemical alloying and de-alloying with Li, which typically leads to rapid anode degradation. We show that mixing Si nanopowder with alginate, a natural polysaccharide extracted from brown algae, yields a stable battery anode possessing reversible capacity eight times higher than that of the state-of-the-art graphitic anodes. 相似文献
155.
Rudan I 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5868):1336-7; author reply 1336-7
156.
Tarassov K Messier V Landry CR Radinovic S Serna Molina MM Shames I Malitskaya Y Vogel J Bussey H Michnick SW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5882):1465-1470
Protein interactions regulate the systems-level behavior of cells; thus, deciphering the structure and dynamics of protein interaction networks in their cellular context is a central goal in biology. We have performed a genome-wide in vivo screen for protein-protein interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by means of a protein-fragment complementation assay (PCA). We identified 2770 interactions among 1124 endogenously expressed proteins. Comparison with previous studies confirmed known interactions, but most were not known, revealing a previously unexplored subspace of the yeast protein interactome. The PCA detected structural and topological relationships between proteins, providing an 8-nanometer-resolution map of dynamically interacting complexes in vivo and extended networks that provide insights into fundamental cellular processes, including cell polarization and autophagy, pathways that are evolutionarily conserved and central to both development and human health. 相似文献
157.
Distribution of hydrogen in the near surface of Mars: evidence for subsurface ice deposits 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Boynton WV Feldman WC Squyres SW Prettyman TH Bruckner J Evans LG Reedy RC Starr R Arnold JR Drake DM Englert PA Metzger AE Mitrofanov I Trombka JI D'Uston C Wanke H Gasnault O Hamara DK Janes DM Marcialis RL Maurice S Mikheeva I Taylor GJ Tokar R Shinohara C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5578):81-85
Using the Gamma-Ray Spectrometer on the Mars Odyssey, we have identified two regions near the poles that are enriched in hydrogen. The data indicate the presence of a subsurface layer enriched in hydrogen overlain by a hydrogen-poor layer. The thickness of the upper layer decreases with decreasing distance to the pole, ranging from a column density of about 150 grams per square centimeter at -42 degrees latitude to about 40 grams per square centimeter at -77 degrees. The hydrogen-rich regions correlate with regions of predicted ice stability. We suggest that the host of the hydrogen in the subsurface layer is ice, which constitutes 35 +/- 15% of the layer by weight. 相似文献
158.
159.
Putnam NH Srivastava M Hellsten U Dirks B Chapman J Salamov A Terry A Shapiro H Lindquist E Kapitonov VV Jurka J Genikhovich G Grigoriev IV Lucas SM Steele RE Finnerty JR Technau U Martindale MQ Rokhsar DS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5834):86-94
Sea anemones are seemingly primitive animals that, along with corals, jellyfish, and hydras, constitute the oldest eumetazoan phylum, the Cnidaria. Here, we report a comparative analysis of the draft genome of an emerging cnidarian model, the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. The sea anemone genome is complex, with a gene repertoire, exon-intron structure, and large-scale gene linkage more similar to vertebrates than to flies or nematodes, implying that the genome of the eumetazoan ancestor was similarly complex. Nearly one-fifth of the inferred genes of the ancestor are eumetazoan novelties, which are enriched for animal functions like cell signaling, adhesion, and synaptic transmission. Analysis of diverse pathways suggests that these gene "inventions" along the lineage leading to animals were likely already well integrated with preexisting eukaryotic genes in the eumetazoan progenitor. 相似文献
160.
Juan Alfonso Salazar Igor Pacheco Claudia Silva Patricio Zapata Paulina Shinya David Ruiz 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2019,94(3):284-294
Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) provides a large quantity of useful data suitable for the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), facilitating accurate genomic studies in plant species. In this study, GBS-based SNPs were used to characterise 11 Japanese plum cultivars and to explore their natural allelic diversity in relation to the most important phenology events (flowering date, ripening date and fruit development period) and fruit quality traits (weight, shape, skin and flesh colour, over colour, skin and flesh chlorophyll index, flesh firmness and soluble solids concentration). GBS-based SNPs were shown to be a powerful tool for genetic diversity and other genomic studies where SNP markers were related to several traits, particularly for flowering date, ripening date, fruit development period, skin chlorophyll degradation, flesh chlorophyll degradation and flesh colour. These results represent a preliminary approach using GBS as a possible breeding tool in current and new Japanese plum breeding programmes. 相似文献