生物大分子标记物检测在环境监测中的应用

生物大分子标记物是指生物体内的一些对外界环境变化敏感并能产生一些可检测变化的大分子物质,这些大分子物质能够反映环境变化对生物体的影响。随着社会对环境保护的日益重视和分子生物学技术的发展,将生物大分子标记物的检测应用到环境监测中已经成为一种趋势。生物大分子标记物检测由于其测定指标全面、准确、系统且具有特异性等优点,近十几年来作为污染物暴露和毒性效应的早期预警工具已被广泛应用于环境评价中。本文对一些主要的生物大分子标记物及其检测技术在环境监测中的应用状况及应用前景进行综述,旨在为生物大分子标记技术在环境检测实际操作中的应用提供参考依据。     

三疣梭子蟹分子生物学研究进展

三疣梭子蟹作为重要的海洋经济动物,在基础生物学方面有较为全面的研究和总结,但在分子生物学方面的研究还处于起步阶段,相关研究主要集中在同工酶谱分析、RAPD分子标记研究和线粒体基因组序列分析等方面.本文对三疣梭子蟹分子生物学,尤其是分子标记技术的应用研究取得的进展情况进行了阐述,探讨了三疣梭子蟹的研究发展方向,为今后更为系统地研究三疣梭子蟹提供理论依据.     

Effect of LED light quality on the phototaxis and locomotion behaviour of Haliotis discus hannai

Abalones were reared in a laboratory to determine the percentage response rate, response time, average crawling speed and the time taken to recover an upright posture under nine light‐emitting diode light quality treatments (red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, purple, white and grey) and a dark environment. Animals were placed in the centre of an experimental device, and the tropism of each animal was continuously monitored by video. The highest percentage response rate (80% in dark adapted abalones, 60% in light adapted abalones) was observed in the dark environment, followed by red and orange light (27% and 30% in dark adapted abalones, respectively, 22% and 24% in light adapted abalones). Two induction materials (substrate and brown algae Laminaria japonica) were used to assess the effect of light quality on the tropism of abalones, with the highest percentage response rate (76% in the L. japonica treatment, 22% in the substrate treatment) also observed in the dark environment, followed by red and orange light (both 25% in the L. japonica treatment, and 26% and 32%, respectively, in the substrate treatment). The tropism order of the abalones under dark, red, orange and yellow light was as follows: dark > orange > red, yellow, but fewer abalones chose to stay in blue, green, cyan and purple light. The response time (about 700 s) in the dark environment was significantly longer than for the other light quality treatments. Compared with the average crawling speed in the other light quality treatments, abalones were relatively slower (about 3.8 mm s^?1) in red and orange light, and the dark environment. The mean time required for the recovery of an upright posture in red light and the dark environment was longer than in the other light quality treatments, with the average recovery time reaching a maximum of 60 s in the dark environment. The results demonstrate the phototaxis and locomotion behaviour of abalones, as well as confirming the necessity of a dark, orange or red environment for their management and aquaculture.     

我国房产税开征实效分析

文章结合目前已初见的房产税开征效果,分别探讨其对房地产市场、财政收入和社会贫富差距的实际影响,比较其与理论期望的差距与原因,得出房产税的效果是长期的,另外现行的方案有待向存量房开征房产税、采用差异化和累进制税率相结合方向改善,且配套完善的房地产相关政策,才能更好地实施其政府调控作用。     

巴戟枯萎病的病原菌鉴定

 巴戟枯萎病是一种毁灭性的病害,且前在广东省高要县发生严要.经病原菌分离培养、形态特征观察和致病性测定等试验结果表明,它由尖镰孢霉内的一个新的专化型(Fusarium oxysporum Schl f.sp.morindae Chi et Shi f.sp.nov.)为害所致.病菌可通过土壤和插条传播.据初步研究表明,用50%多菌灵可湿性粉刺1000倍浸泡液插条12—24小时可防治带菌,值得继续试验.     

三明市区家鼠寄生革螨的调查报告

本文报告了三明市区家鼠寄生革螨的种类、组成、季节消长情况。观察一周年，共捕鼠７１１只，带螨鼠１４３只，带螨率为２０．１１％，检集革螨８７１只，鼠革蛲指数为１．２３只／鼠，鉴定为３属４种即毒厉螨、纳氏厉螨、柏氏禽刺螨和鼠颚毛厉螨；毒厉螨为优势种，占８１．８６％，平均螨指数为１．００只／鼠，各宿主动物间带情况存在差异。以褐家鼠最高，达３７．２０％，螨指数为２．７２只／鼠，革螨常年活动，以４－６月、８３     

Biting attack elicited by stimulation of the ventral midbrain tegmentum of cats

An area in the ventral midbrain tegmentum has been discovered in which electrical stimulation elicits biting attack. The midbrain sites from which attack was elicited correspond well with the zone in the midbrain tegmentum where degeneration was previously observed after lesions were made in lateral hypothalamic attack sites.     

山东地区三株鸽Ⅰ型副粘病毒的分离及鉴定

2005年在山东地区部分肉鸽养殖场出现鸽子大量死亡现象,从死亡鸽中分离到三株鸽Ⅰ型副粘病毒(SD05027,SD05028,SD05029),其鸡胚平均死亡时间(MDT)分别为69h,69.6h,81.6h;鸡脑内接种指数(ICPI)为1.31,1.43,1.48,证明此次分离的三株病毒株均属速发型新城疫病毒。应用RT-PCR技术对F基因重要功能区片段扩增后进行序列测定,分析表明,F蛋白裂解位点处的序列(112R/K-R-Q-K-R-117F)与新城疫强毒在这一区域的序列相符。与多株已报道的NDV参考株相应片段进行序列比对和基因进化树分析,将其鉴定为基因VIb型。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)诊断DNA微阵列的构建

为构建猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）诊断DNA微阵列，应用RT—PCR从猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）C14—2分离株和欧洲型弱毒疫苗株VP046扩增并克隆获得戋洲型重组质粒C14P9（基因号：AY775132）、PRRS—PS9（基因号：AY775134）、Ulb（基因号：AY775135）、Y11（基因号：AY775133）、Y12（基因号：AY775136）和欧洲型基因重组质粒E6和E8。PCR法制备的靶基因和探针纯化后，质量浓度分别为300～600mg／L和200-400mg／L。芯片杂交动力学研究表明，杂堑信号强度随靶基因和探针浓度的增加而增强，最佳靶基因质量浓度为200mg／L，探针适宜范围为3～3000μg／L，系统灵敏性为3μg／L。靶基因杂交特异性研究表明，除个别靶基因在某一温度下存在交叉反应和杂交信号弱外，大多数靶基因在40～56℃下杂交信号强。采用AY775133、AY775134、E6和E8靶基因构建PRRS诊断DNA微阵列在40℃下预杂交1h、48℃湿盒避光杂交6h后经洗涤和扫读分析，杂交信号强、斑点明显、特异性高，按SNR≥1．5为标准能够区分PRRSV蔓洲型和欧洲型。应用PRRS诊断DNA微阵列检测了AMERVAC-PRRS、PRRSV弱毒疫苗、C14—2株、SCU株和临床样本，能正确区分PRRSV基因型。研究结果表明构建的PRRS诊断DNA微阵列可用于PRRS临床诊断和基因分型。