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131.
Ohsawa K Satsu H Ohki K Enjoh M Takano T Shimizu M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(3):854-858
Val-Pro-Pro (VPP) and Ile-Pro-Pro (IPP) are antihypertensive tripeptides isolated from milk fermented with Lactobacillus helveticus and inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). We investigated whether these peptides were generated from beta-casein by digestive enzymes and whether they were resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis, using an in vitro model. VPP and IPP were not generated from beta-casein by gastrointestinal enzymes; instead, a number of longer peptides including VPP and IPP sequences were detected. The fermentation step would therefore be necessary to produce these antihypertensive tripeptides. VPP and IPP themselves were hardly digested by digestive enzymes, suggesting that orally administered VPP and IPP remain intact in the intestine, retaining their activity until adsorption. The present study also demonstrated that various functional peptide sequences in beta-casein were resistant to gastrointestinal enzymes. There may be a strong correlation between the resistance of peptides to gastrointestinal digestion and their real physiological effects after oral administration. 相似文献
132.
In planta dynamic analysis of onion yellows phytoplasma using localized inoculation by insect transmission 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wei W Kakizawa S Suzuki S Jung HY Nishigawa H Miyata S Oshima K Ugaki M Hibi T Namba S 《Phytopathology》2004,94(3):244-250
ABSTRACT Due to the lack of a means to inoculate plants mechanically, the histological dynamics and in planta spread of phytoplasmas have been studied very little. We analyzed the dynamics of plant infection by phytoplasmas, using a technique to infect a limited area of a leaf, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, and immunohistochemical visualization. Following localized inoculation of a leaf of garland chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium) by the vector leafhopper Macrosteles striifrons, the onion yellows (OY) phytoplasma spread within the plant from the inoculated leaf to the main stem (1 day postinoculation [dpi]), to the roots and the top leaf (2 dpi), and to other leaves from top to bottom (from 7 to 21 dpi). The populations of the OY phytoplasmas in inoculated leaves and roots increased approximately sixfold each week from 14 to 28 dpi. At 14 dpi, the OY phytoplasmas colonized limited regions of the phloem tissue in both the root and stem and then spread throughout the phloem by 21 dpi. This information should form the basis for elucidating the mechanisms of phytoplasma multiplication and migration within a plant host. 相似文献
133.
Yu FURUSAWA Masashi TAKAHASHI Mariko SHIMA-SAWA Hitoshi HATAI Noriaki MIYOSHI Osamu YAMATO Akira YABUKI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(9):1363
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in metastasis of epithelial tumors; however, it is challenging to detect EMT by cytology. In the present study, EMT was visualized by fluorescence-immunocytochemistry (FICC). Air-dried smears from epithelial tumors of dogs (n=22) and cats (n=9) were stained using mouse monoclonal anti-E-cadherin and rabbit monoclonal anti‐vimentin antibodies. Enzymatic immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed that 51.6% (8/22 in dogs, 8/9 in cats) of the cases showed EMT. In dogs, FICC could detect EMT in 62.5% (5/8) of those cases. In cats, FICC could detect EMT in 100% (8/8) of the cases. In conclusion, the present FICC method could successfully detect EMT using conventional air-dried cytology smear slides. 相似文献
134.
135.
Pine wilt disease is caused by the pine wood nematode [Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner et Buhrer) Nickle]. In East Asia, an important vector of the nematode is Monochamus alternatus Hope. We determined the tolerance and reproductive ability of sawyer beetles and the nematode to altitude and temperature at elevations between 850 and 1,450 m on Mt. Fuji in Japan. The number of emergent adults decreased markedly along the altitudinal gradient, but the beetle could still reproduce at 1,050 m (8.2 °C annual mean temperature). Beetles with a 2-year life cycle increased rapidly in number with increasing altitude. The pine wood nematode survived through winter at all altitudes tested (850–1,450 m). The beetle population decreased between 950 (9.1 °C) and 1,150 m (8.3 °C). Therefore, the beetle population seems to be stable at 850 m (10.2 °C) and lower altitudes (higher temperatures) but cannot be maintained from 950 (9.1 °C) to 1,150 m (8.3 °C) without constant immigration of beetles from lower altitudes. The beetles could not reproduce at altitudes above 1,150 m (lower than 8.2 °C). From the mean and effective cumulative temperatures, we concluded that the beetle (and its population) can endure temperatures lower than those previously reported. Pine wilt disease also occurred at lower temperatures and higher altitudes than expected. We have summarized the principal strategies for controlling the disease at high altitudes based on these results. 相似文献
136.
137.
Saishu YOSHIDA Masashi HIGUCHI Hiroki UEHARU Naoto NISHIMURA Mitsuyoshi TSUDA Hideji YAKO Mo CHEN Hideo MITSUISHI Yoshiya SANO Takako KATO Yukio KATO 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2014,60(4):295-303
The pituitary is an important endocrine tissue of the vertebrate that produces and secretes many hormones. Accumulating data
suggest that several types of cells compose the pituitary, and there is growing interest in elucidating the origin of these cell
types and their roles in pituitary organogenesis. Therein, the histogenous cell line is an extremely valuable experimental tool
for investigating the function of derived tissue. In this study, we compared gene expression profiles by microarray analysis and
real-time PCR for murine pituitary tumor-derived non-hormone-producing cell lines TtT/GF, Tpit/F1 and Tpit/E. Several genes are
characteristically expressed in each cell line: Abcg2, Nestin, Prrx1,
Prrx2, CD34, Eng, Cspg4 (Ng2),
S100β and nNos in TtT/GF; Cxcl12, Raldh1,
Msx1 and Twist1 in Tpit/F1; and Cxadr, Sox9,
Cdh1, EpCAM and Krt8 in Tpit/E. Ultimately, we came to the following conclusions: TtT/GF cells
show the most differentiated state, and may have some properties of the pituitary vascular endothelial cell and/or pericyte.
Tpit/F1 cells show the epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes with stemness still in a transiting state. Tpit/E cells have a
phenotype of epithelial cells and are the most immature cells in the progression of differentiation or in the initial
endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Thus, these three cell lines must be useful model cell lines for investigating pituitary
stem/progenitor cells as well as organogenesis. 相似文献
138.
139.
Characterization of royal jelly proteins in both Africanized and European honeybees (Apis mellifera) by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Sano O Kunikata T Kohno K Iwaki K Ikeda M Kurimoto M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(1):15-20
In this study, the proteins contained in royal jelly (RJ) produced by Africanized honeybees and European honeybees (Apis mellifera) haven been analyzed in detail and compared using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and the N-terminal amino acid sequence of each spot has been determined. Most spots were assigned to major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs). Remarkable differences were found in the heterogeneity of the MRJPs, in particular MRJP3, in terms of molecular weights and isoelectric points between the two species of RJ. Furthermore, during the determination of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of each spot, for the first time, MRJP4 protein has been identified, the existence of which had been only implied by cloning of its cDNA sequence. The presence of heterogeneous bands of glucose oxidase was also identified. Thus, the results suggest that two-dimensional gel electrophoresis provides a suitable method for the qualitative analysis of the proteins contained in RJ derived from different honeybee species. 相似文献
140.
Nose A Hamasaki T Hojo M Kato R Uehara K Ueda T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(18):7074-7081
The hydrogen-bonding properties of water-ethanol of alcoholic beverages and water-ethanol mixtures of the corresponding ethanol contents were examined on the basis of OH proton NMR chemical shifts and the Raman OH stretching spectra of water and ethanol. Japanese shochu, an unaged distilled spirit of 25% (v/v) alcoholic content made from various grains, was provided for the samples; it is a high-purity spirit as it contains only small amounts of dissolved components, like typical vodka, gin, and white rum. The hydrogen-bonding structure in shochu containing some acids was found to be different from that of the water-ethanol mixture with corresponding ethanol content. It was concluded that, by the presence of small amounts of organic acids, the water-ethanol hydrogen-bonding structure was strengthened, at the same time, the proton exchange between water and ethanol molecules was promoted in shochu, compared with the water-ethanol mixture. The NMR chemical shifts of fruit cocktail drinks suggested that the hydrogen bonding of water-ethanol in the solution was developed by organic acids and (poly)phenols from fruit juices. 相似文献