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41.
ABSTRACTExcessive application of animal manure to farmland leads to phosphorus (P) loss into the surrounding water. Manure is incinerated to convert it to P-rich ash as a slow-release P fertilizer. However, the potential P loss and P availability for plants from cattle manure ash (CMA) have not been fully understood. The aims of this study were to determine the P release mechanism from CMA and to propose appropriate application rates that mitigate P loss and increase available P to soil in Fukushima, where the soil is deficient in nutrients after the replacement of cesium-137-contaminated soil with sandy mountain soil. Different P fractions in CMA were sequentially extracted with H2O, 0.5 M NaHCO3, 0.1 M NaOH, and 1 M HCl. Phosphorus contents in different fractions of CMA were in the order of HCl–P > NaHCO3–P > H2O–P > NaOH–P. Water-soluble P release of CMA was also determined by kinetic experiments for 120 h. Results showed that total water-soluble P accounted for a maximum of 2.9% of total P in CMA over 120 h due to recalcitrant P compounds formed through incineration. The Fukushima sandy soil amended with CMA at three application rates, 94, 157, and 314 mg P kg?1 (corresponding to 300, 500, 1000 kg P2O5 ha?1) was incubated for 56 days. Cattle manure compost and KH2PO4 were applied at 157 mg P kg?1 for comparison. Phosphorus release in water and CaCl2 solution from ash-amended soil was significantly lower than those from compost and KH2PO4-amended soil at the same P application rate of 157 mg P kg?1 (p < 0.05). Available P in ash-amended soil, determined by Fe-oxide impregnated strips, was not significantly different from those in compost-amended soil after day 7 and KH2PO4-amended soil on day 56 at the same P application rate. Thus, CMA reduces P losses from soil to the surrounding water while it increases P availability for plants. In comparison of different rates of CMA, P release in water or CaCl2 was significantly greater at 314 mg P kg?1 than at 94 or 157 mg P kg?1, while the percentage of available P to total P was the lowest at the highest application rate (p < 0.05), suggesting that the best application rates were 94 and 157 mg P kg?1 in this experiment. 相似文献
42.
Taira O Watanugi I Hagiwara Y Takahashi M Arai S Sato H Maehara N 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(10):1059-1062
We cloned five new subtypes of cDNA encoding canine interferon-alpha (CaIFN-alpha) from a canine epithelial cell line. CaIFN-alphas were divided into two groups by amino acid sequences and a molecular phylogenic tree. Two subtypes of them were expressed in Escherichia coli, and IFN proteins were purified. Recombinant CaIFN-alphas were highly species-specific and showed antiviral activity against Vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus and canine adenovirus-1 , but not against canine herpesvirus-1. 相似文献
43.
Kazuhiro UMEYAMA Kasumi HONDA Hitomi MATSUNARI Kazuaki NAKANO Tatsuro HIDAKA Keito SEKIGUCHI Hironori MOCHIZUKI Yasuhiro TAKEUCHI Tsukasa FUJIWARA Masahito WATANABE Masaki NAGAYA Hiroshi NAGASHIMA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(6):599-603
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a useful technique for creating pig strains
that model human diseases. However, production of numerous cloned disease model pigs
by SCNT for large-scale experiments is impractical due to its complexity and
inefficiency. In the present study, we aimed to establish an efficient procedure for
proliferating the diabetes model pig carrying the mutant human hepatocyte nuclear
factor-1α gene. A founder diabetes transgenic cloned pig was generated by SCNT and
treated with insulin to allow for normal growth to maturity, at which point
epididymal sperm could be collected for cryopreservation. In vitro
fertilization and intrafallopian insemination using the cryopreserved epididymal
sperm resulted in diabetes model transgenic offspring. These results suggest that
artificial reproductive technology using cryopreserved epididymal sperm could be a
practical option for proliferation of genetically modified disease model pigs. 相似文献
44.
To estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in horses, an optimum dose of the nonionic contrast medium iodixanol as a
tracer was assessed with blood-sample times. Iodixanol was administered intravenously at 10–40 mg I/kg to geldings and mares,
and blood was collected 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min later. Serum iodixanol concentration was determined by high-performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC), and serum urea nitrogen (UN) and creatinine concentrations were also measured. The combination
of 20 mg I/kg iodixanol and sampling times of 60, 90, and 120 min after injection was considered to be appropriate for practical
use. In clinically healthy horses, the reference values were determined to be 1.90 ± 0.03 ml/min/kg (150.8 ± 2.94 ml/min/m2), consistent with historical data using different tracers. The result suggests that serum clearance of iodixanol is a ready-to-use
tool for a screening of alterations in the equine GFR, although it is necessary to perform a more longitudinal study using
horses with a variety of renal functions. 相似文献
45.
Takahiro Teshima Hirotaka Matsumoto Kae Shigihara Harumi Sawada Masaki Michishita Kimimasa Takahashi Hidekazu Koyama 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2013,54(9):845-848
A 25-month-old Chihuahua dog with no clinical signs was evaluated for high serum liver enzymes. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a mass in the left hepatic medial lobe. The histological diagnosis reached using resected tissues was hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To the authors’ knowledge, this is the youngest dog diagnosed with HCC. 相似文献
46.
Wind‐induced stock variation of the neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) winter–spring cohort in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean 下载免费PDF全文
Haruka Nishikawa Takahiro Toyoda Shuhei Masuda Yoichi Ishikawa Yuji Sasaki Hiromichi Igarashi Mitsuo Sakai Masaki Seito Toshiyuki Awaji 《Fisheries Oceanography》2015,24(3):229-241
Our examination of the neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) winter–spring cohort catch per unit effort (CPUE, an index of stock) revealed significant positive correlations with the interannual variations of observed chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a) concentration and autumn–winter mixed layer depth (MLD) in the winter–spring feeding grounds of paralarvae and juveniles (130–170°E, 20–27°N). These correlations suggest the importance of integrated bottom‐up effects by the autumn–winter MLD for the neon flying squid stocks. However, the influence of autumn–winter MLD interannual variation in the forage availability for paralarvae and juveniles, i.e., particulate organic matter and zooplankton, has still been unclear. In this study, we use the lower trophic ecosystem model NEMURO, which uses the physical environmental data from the ocean reanalysis dataset obtained by the four‐dimensional variational (4DVAR) data assimilation method. The model‐based investigation enables us to clarify how the autumn–winter MLD controls the particulate organic matter and zooplankton abundance in the feeding grounds. Further, our investigation of the autumn–winter MLD interannual variation demonstrates that the stronger autumn wind in the feeding grounds develops a deeper mixed layer. Therefore, the deep mixed layer entrains nutrient‐rich water and enhances photosynthesis, which results in good feeding conditions for paralarvae and juveniles. Our results underline that the wind system interannual variation has critical roles on the winter–spring cohort of the neon flying squid stock. 相似文献
47.
Saito Y Itagaki S Otsuka Y Kobayashi Y Okumura H Kobayashi M Hirano T Iseki K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(15):6100-6104
In clinical, patients usually take many kinds of drugs at the same time. Thus, drug-drug interactions involving transporters can often directly affect the therapeutic safety and efficacy of many important drugs. However, there have been few studies on food-drug interactions involving transporters. Dietary polyphenols have been widely assumed to be beneficial for human health. Polyphenols are found ubiquitously, and they are commercially prepared and used as functional foods. We have reported that ferulic acid, which is one of the most well-known polyphenols and is used as a functional food, affected the transport of nateglinide, an antidiabetic drug, by Caco-2 cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of other polyphenols on the nateglinide/H(+) transport system. We report here that caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid have a different inhibitory manner on the uptake of nateglinide. The results of this study are useful to identify the substrate specificity of the nateglinide/H(+) cotransporter. 相似文献
48.
49.
Masaki Ando Akemi Itaya Shin-Ichi Yamamoto Ei'ichi Shibata 《Journal of Forest Research》2006,11(1):51-55
The long-term changes of the area of Sasa nipponica grassland, bark stripping damage to trees by sika deer, Cervus nippon, and sika deer densities on Mt. Ohdaigahara were assessed with aerial photographs, information from previous studies, and
field experiments. The grasslands expanded year after year. The expansion rate was highest from 1982 to 1992, and lowest from
1992 to 1997. Bark-stripping damage on coniferous trees was heavier than that on broadleaf trees in both the early 1980s and
1998. The deer density in the eastern part of the area had been high (14.4–64.3 km−2) from 1984 until 1998. We presume that rich growth of S. nipponica and heavy feeding pressure by sika deer over the long term caused expansion of S. nipponica grasslands by killing canopy trees by bark stripping and preventing forest regeneration. 相似文献
50.
Marin HIROKAWA Kaho TAKAHASHI Masaki MIYAJIMA Rintaro FURUKAWA Koji SUGITA Hirotaka KONDO Keitaro OHMORI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(7):1161
Inflammasomes play a pivotal role in gastrointestinal homeostasis and inflammation. However, it remains elusive whether the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family inflammasomes, such as NLR family pyrin domain-containing (NLRP) 3, NLRP6, and NLRP12, are involved in the pathogenesis of canine chronic enteropathy (CE), which includes antibiotic-responsive enteropathy (ARE), food-responsive enteropathy (FRE), immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy (IRE), and non-responsive enteropathy (NRE). Thus, we measured mRNA expression of NLRP3, NLRP6, and NLRP12 in the intestinal mucosa of 35 dogs with CE (ARE, four dogs; FRE, 11 dogs; IRE and NRE, 20 dogs) and seven healthy dogs. As per real-time PCR analysis, significant increases in mRNA expression of NLRP3 and NLRP12 were noted in the colonic but not in the duodenal mucosa of dogs with FRE compared to healthy dogs. These findings suggested that the NLRP3 and NLRP12 inflammasomes might contribute to the development of colitis in dogs with FRE. 相似文献