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61.
Activity-dependent plasticity in the brain arises in part from changes in the number of synaptic AMPA receptors. Synaptic trafficking of AMPA receptors is controlled by stargazin and homologous transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs). We found that TARPs were stable at the plasma membrane, whereas AMPA receptors were internalized in a glutamate-regulated manner. Interaction with AMPA receptors involved both extra- and intracellular determinants of TARPs. Upon binding to glutamate, AMPA receptors detached from TARPs. This did not require ion flux or intracellular second messengers. This allosteric mechanism for AMPA receptor dissociation from TARPs may participate in glutamate-mediated internalization of receptors in synaptic plasticity. 相似文献
62.
Namiko Kohama Emi Yoshida Tatsunori Masaki Eiji Iwamoto Moriyuki Fukushima Takeshi Honda Kenji Oyama 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13664
Genetic parameters for carcass grading traits, image analysis traits, and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) percentages were estimated in 29,942 Japanese Black cattle from Hyogo Prefecture. The analyzed traits included five carcass grading traits, two image analysis traits, fat area ratio and fineness index, and two MUFA traits, one measured in intermuscular fat using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and the other in intramuscular fat using gas chromatography (GC). The heritability estimates of image analysis traits and MUFA were moderate to high, ranging from 0.395 to 0.740, and it was considered that they could be improved simultaneously with carcass grading traits because no severe genetic antagonism was observed. Although the heritability of the NIRS-based intermuscular MUFA was slightly lower than that of the GC-based intramuscular MUFA, the genetic correlation between the two methods was as high as 0.804. These results indicate that the NIRS method can be used as an alternative evaluation procedure to predict MUFA in intramuscular fat in the longissimus muscle. 相似文献
63.
Dew-water was collected from January 1999 to February 2000 in Yokohama, Japan and analyzed for not only soluble major components but also insoluble or trace components. The pH of dew-water ranged from 5.36 to 6.71 and volume-weighted average pH was 5.81. In dew-water, Si, Al, Fe, Cl, and Na were abundant and they were confirmed to be transported from natural sources, sea and soil dust. The concentrations of Si, Al, Fe, and Ti contained in coarse mode aerosol were several times higher in dew-water than those in rain-water, while the concentrations of V and Pb contained in fine mode aerosol were about the same level to each other. Besides these elements derived from aerosol, the elements derived from gaseous species are also major components in dew-water. The high concentration of weak acid is one of the significant characteristics of dew-water. Bisulfite ion in dew-water is the important species as the precursor of the sulfate ion but it is stable by forming hydroxyalkanesulfonate (HASA). The HASA concentrations were evaluated by using concentrations of total S(IV) and aldehydes and hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMSA) was shown to be the dominant species in S(IV). 相似文献
64.
Ferulic and p‐coumaric acids were analyzed in 50 rice (Oryza sativa L.) samples from 32 cultivars harvested in Japan. In brown rice, ferulic and p‐coumaric acid levels ranged from 309 to 607 mg/kg and from 49 to 100 mg/kg, respectively. In 70% polished rice, ferulic and p‐coumaric acid levels ranged from 27 to 103 mg/kg and from 0.4 to 3.5 mg/kg, respectively. Ratios of average phenolic acid levels in the 70% polished rice to the brown rice were 13.9% for ferulic acid and 1.9% for p‐coumaric acid. The ferulic acid level was highly correlated between brown and 70% polished rice (R = 0.815; P < 0.01), but there was no clear correlation for p‐coumaric acid. Phenolic acid levels in the 70% polished rice did not show any clear correlations between the analytical index measurements for sake brewing suitability (weight of 1,000 grains, water absorption, digestibility, crude protein, and potassium content). Phenolic acid levels in the 70% polished rice directly affected levels in the rice koji enzyme digest. The results indicated that phenolic acid levels in sake were affected by the levels in ingredient rice grains, which may then influence the sensory quality of sake. 相似文献
65.
Masaki Nagae Hirotoshi Fuda Kazuhiro Ura Hiroshi Kawamura Shinji Adachi Akihiko Hara Kohei Yamauchi 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1994,13(1):41-48
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is known as a main factor in the humoral immune system of teleosts. In the present study, the effect
of cortisol on plasma IgM concentrations was investigated using a specific antibody to IgM in masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou). Cortisol was orally administered each day for 2 weeks at a dose of 1 mg g−1 in the diet, and for the following week the fish were fed a non-treated diet. Blood plasma samples were collected at 0, 1,
2 and 3 weeks after the initiation of treatment. Oral administration of cortisol elevated plasma cortisol concentrations to
about 40 ng/ml for 2 weeks after administration and slightly reduced plasma IgM concentration; the suppression was statistically
significant one week after the period of hormone administration. However, treatment with cortisol did not affect plasma concentrations
of total protein or α1-protein, one of the major serum proteins, during the experimental period. These results indicate that
cortisol specifically suppresses plasma IgM concentrations. 相似文献
66.
Epinephelus tauvina (Forskål) has spawned naturally in captivity. The larvae were reared to metamorphosis using rotifers, Artemia nauplii, copepods and minced shrimp meat. The developmental stages from hatching through to metamorphosis are described. Larvae grew from 2.25 mm total length at hatching, to 31.40 mm by day 50. Two mortality peaks were observed: the first between days 4 and 5, and the second between days 24 and 35. The first peak corresponded to first feeding and the unsuitability of rotifers, and the second to the change from feeding Artemia nauplii to copepods, which were not available in sufficient quantities. 相似文献
67.
Shimada T Horikawa T Ikeya Y Matsuo H Kinoshita K Taguchi T Ichinose K Takahashi K Aburada M 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(8):1272-1278
Previously, we reported that rhizome powder of Kaempferia parviflora Wall. Ex. Baker prevented obesity and a range of metabolic diseases. In this study, to clarify which molecular mechanisms and active ingredients of K. parviflora have an anti-obesity effect, we investigated the effect of ethyl acetate extract of K. parviflora (KPE) on TSOD mice, a spontaneously obese Type II diabetes model, and on pancreatic lipase. In the TSOD groups, KPE showed a suppressive effect on body weight increase and visceral fat accumulation and also showed preventive effects on symptoms related to insulin resistance, hypertension and fatty liver. In addition, KPE also suppressed body weight increase and food intake in TSNO mice groups, which served as reference animals, at an early stage of administration. Searching for the ingredients in KPE revealed that KPE contains at least 12 kinds of polymethoxyflavonoid (PMF). Furthermore, KPE and its component PMFs showed an inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase. The above results suggest that KPE has a preventive effect on obesity and various metabolic diseases. The mechanisms of action probably involve inhibition of pancreatic lipase by the PMFs in KPE. 相似文献
68.
To estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in horses, an optimum dose of the nonionic contrast medium iodixanol as a
tracer was assessed with blood-sample times. Iodixanol was administered intravenously at 10–40 mg I/kg to geldings and mares,
and blood was collected 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min later. Serum iodixanol concentration was determined by high-performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC), and serum urea nitrogen (UN) and creatinine concentrations were also measured. The combination
of 20 mg I/kg iodixanol and sampling times of 60, 90, and 120 min after injection was considered to be appropriate for practical
use. In clinically healthy horses, the reference values were determined to be 1.90 ± 0.03 ml/min/kg (150.8 ± 2.94 ml/min/m2), consistent with historical data using different tracers. The result suggests that serum clearance of iodixanol is a ready-to-use
tool for a screening of alterations in the equine GFR, although it is necessary to perform a more longitudinal study using
horses with a variety of renal functions. 相似文献
69.
Masaki TAKASU Nana HIRAMATSU Teruaki TOZAKI Hironaga KAKOI Telhisa HASEGAWA Masami MAEDA Huricha Satoshi KUSUDA Osamu DOI Tetsuma MURASE Harutaka MUKOYAMA 《Journal of Equine Science》2011,22(4):67-72
The objective of this study was to clarify the current status of endangered Kiso horse,
population statistics and biological traits, in order to take a step for the conservation
by scientific approach. We surveyed 125 Kiso horses (86.2% of the whole breed), analyzed
the construction of the population, and calculated the coefficient of inbreeding and
effective population size. Moreover, we confirmed coat color variations and the
traditional traits of the Kiso horse, and measured their height at the withers and chest
circumference to clarify their physical characteristics. The population pyramid of the
horses was stationary or contractive, suggesting a reduction of the population in the near
future. The effective population size of the horse (47.9) suggested that the diversity was
much less than their census size, and the high coefficient of inbreeding, 0.11 ± 0.07 on
average, suggested that the horses were surely inbred. The horses had only 4 coat colors;
bay, dark bay, buckskin dun, and chestnut, and 116 horses (92.8%) were bayish color,
suggesting the fixation in their coat color. Moreover, the majority of them had dorsal
stripe (83 horses; 66.4%), and the average heights at withers(131.9 ± 4.4 cm) and chest
circumference (167.1 ± 10.1 cm) were not significantly different between males and
females. 相似文献
70.
Kawakami E Takemura A Sakuma M Takano M Hirano T Hori T Tsutsui T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(2):133-136
We measured the blood plasma testosterone (T) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities in the seminal plasma of the ejaculates of 5 normal (2-5 years old) and 5 asthenozoospermic (AZ-) (3-5 years old) Beagles. Sperm ejaculated by AZ-dogs was incubated for 3 hr in Eagle's MEM only (controls) or Eagle's MEM containing 100 units/ml of SOD or catalase. Sperm motility was examined during incubation. The mean (+/- SE) plasma T level of the AZ-dogs (1.2 +/- 0.2 ng/ml) was significantly lower than in the normal dogs (2.5 +/- 0.2 ng/ml) (P<0.005). The mean (+/- SE) seminal plasma SOD and catalase activities (18.8 +/- 1.9 and 0.5 +/- 0.1 unit/g protein, respectively) were significantly lower in the AZ-dogs than in the normal dog (43.3 +/- 2.5 and 2.2 +/- 0.4 unit/g protein, respectively) (P<0.001 and 0.01, respectively). The motility of sperm incubated in Eagle's MEM containing SOD or catalase was significantly higher than that of control sperm incubated in only Eagle's MEM after 2 or 3 hr of incubation (P<0.05). The results of this study indicate that poor T secretion by the testes and low antioxidant enzyme activities are related to AZ in the dog. 相似文献