Evaluation of antioxidant effect of extracts of Symphyopappus casarettoi

The ethanolic extract of Symphyopappus casarettoi syn. Eupatorium casarettoi was partionated in hexanic, chloroformic and methanolic fractions. Extract and fractions were tested for their antioxidant activity in vitro and ex vivo assays. The methanolic fraction showed a higher antioxidant potential compared to the others fractions, which was correlated with its total phenol content. In addition, the ethanolic extract and the methanolic fraction attenuated ex vivo iron-induced cell death, quantified by lactate dehydrogenase leakage, and effectively protected against lipid damage induced by iron. These findings suggest that the ethanolic extract of S. casarettoi inflorescence and its methanolic fraction have in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant properties.     

Surfing and marine conservation: Exploring surf‐break protection as IUCN protected area categories and other effective area‐based conservation measures

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Marine and coastal protected and conserved areas strategy in Brazil: Context,lessons, challenges,finance, participation,new management models,and first results

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Cetacean occurrence,habitat preferences and potential for cetacean–fishery interactions in Iberian Atlantic waters: results from cooperative research involving local stakeholders

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In vitro predatory activity of nematophagous fungi <Emphasis Type="Italic">Duddingtonia flagrans</Emphasis> on infective larvae of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oesophagostomum</Emphasis> spp. after passing through gastrointestinal tract of pigs

One isolate of predator fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) was assessed in vitro regarding the capacity of supporting the passage through pigs' gastrointestinal tract without loss of the ability of preying infective larvae Oesophagostomum spp. Fungal isolates survived the passage and were efficient in preying L₃ since the first 8 h of collection (p < 0.01) in relation to the control group (without fungus). Compared with control, there was a significant decrease (p < 0.01) of 59.6% (8 h), 71.7% (12 h), 76.8% (24 h), 81.0% (36 h), 78.0% (48 h), 76.1% (72 h), and 82.7% (96 h) in means of infective larvae Oesophagostomum spp. recovered from treatments with isolate AC001. Linear regression coefficients of L₃ of recovered Oesophagostomum spp. regarding the collections due to time were −0.621 for control, −1.40 for AC001, and −2.64 for NF34. Fungi D. flagrans (AC001) had demonstrated to be promising for use in the biological control of pig parasite Oesophagostomum spp.     

Selection of Neospora caninum antigens stimulating bovine CD4+ve T cell responses through immuno-potency screening and proteomic approaches

ABSTRACT: Neospora caninum is recognised worldwide as a major cause of bovine infectious abortion. There is a real need to develop effective strategies to control infection during pregnancy which may lead to either abortion or congenital transmission. Due to the intracellular nature of the parasite, cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses involving CD4+ve, CD8+ve, γ/δ TCR+ve T cells and NK cells, as well as production of IFN-γ, are thought to be important for protective immunity. In this study we applied a combination of proteomic and immunological approaches to identify antigens of N. caninum that are recognized by CD4+ve T cell lines derived from infected cattle. Initially, N. caninum tachyzoite Water Soluble Antigens (NcWSA) were fractionated by size-exclusion HPLC and then screened for immune-potency using CD4+ve T cell lines. LC-ESI-MS/MS (liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry) was employed to catalogue and identify the proteins comprising three immunologically selected fractions and led to the identification of six N. caninum target proteins as well as sixteen functional orthologues of Toxoplasma gondii. This approach allows the screening of biologically reactive antigenic fractions by the immune cells responsible for protection (such as bovine CD4+ve cells) and the subsequent identification of the stimulating components using tandem mass spectrometry.