Improved development of somatic cell cloned bovine embryos by a mammary gland epithelia cells in vitro model

Previous studies have established a bovine mammary gland epithelia cells in vitro model by the adenovirus-mediated telomerase (hTERT-bMGEs). The present study was conducted to confirm whether hTERT-bMGEs were effective target cells to improve the efficiency of transgenic expression and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). To accomplish this, a mammary-specific vector encoding human lysozyme and green fluorescent protein was used to verify the transgenic efficiency of hTERT-bMGEs, and untreated bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (bMGEs) were used as a control group. The results showed that the hTERT-bMGEs group had much higher transgenic efficiency and protein expression than the bMGEs group. Furthermore, the nontransgenic and transgenic hTERT-bMGEs were used as donor cells to evaluate the efficiency of SCNT. There were no significant differences in rates of cleavage or blastocysts or hatched blastocysts of cloned embryos from nontransgenic hTERT-bMGEs at passage 18 and 28 groups (82.8% vs. 81.9%, 28.6% vs. 24.8%, 58.6% vs. 55.3%, respectively) and the transgenic group (80.8%, 26.5% and 53.4%); however, they were significantly higher than the bMGEs group (71.2%, 12.8% and 14.8%), (p < 0.05). We confirmed that hTERT-bMGEs could serve as effective target cells for improving development of somatic cell cloned cattle embryos.     

转胡杨PeDREB2b 基因白三叶表型变异及抗旱性评价

选取W1-2、W1-3、W4-2、W13-4、W17-1、W28-2、W33-3这7个转胡杨(Populus euphratica)PeDREB2b基因白三叶(Trifolium repens)株系为试材,以非转基因白三叶海发为对照,测定了植株的形态特征和永久萎蔫率,以及在不同时间、不同浓度PEG模拟干旱胁迫下的叶片相对含水量、相对电导率和丙二醛含量的变化,旨在评价转基因白三叶株系的抗旱能力。结果表明:1)部分转基因白三叶株系的叶形、叶色、叶片斑纹及叶片大小发生了较明显的变化;2)转基因株系W1-3、W28-2永久萎蔫率明显低于对照,且能维持较长时间的正常生长,表现出一定的抗旱性;3)随着模拟干旱胁迫程度的增加及时间的延长,参试材料的叶片相对含水量呈不同程度下降的趋势,叶片相对电导率、丙二醛含量均有不同程度升高。但转基因株系W1-3、W28-2的叶片相对含水量始终保持较高水平,未出现较大波动,且株系W1-3的相对电导率、丙二醛含量始终保持较低水平,变化较小。综合分析表明,7个转基因白三叶株系的抗旱性强弱依次为W1-3W33-3W28-2W1-2W13-4W17-1W4-2,均优于对照白三叶海发品种。     

散养成乳牛舍环境测定

以一栋散养成乳牛舍为对象，系统地测定了舍内外的气温、气湿、风速、辐射强度、黑体温度及屋顶热流量。结果表明：从６月１日—９月１０日，舍内旬均气温都在２３．４３℃以上，舍内１４：００气温旬均值都在２８℃以上，舍内旬均ＴＨＩ都超过７１．７１；屋顶热流量曲线的斜率很大、峰值出现于１４：００，并且与舍外黑体温度呈高度的正相关；舍内与舍外的黑体温度、辐射强度分别呈中等以上的正相关；冬季舍内寒冷，同时受舍外气流影响大。笔者认为，通过增加牛舍高度、先用高热阻屋面材料和冬季防风可望改进此类牛舍的环境。     

一年生禾草喷施增产菌效果试验

对两种一年生禾草喷施增产菌的效果进行了研究。结果表明,叶面喷雾可促进燕麦的生殖生长,籽实提前成熟２￣５ｄ,籽实产量比对照提高２１．７％,纯增收３２５．５０元,产投比为６．１：１．０,高粱鲜草产量比对照提高２９．０％,纯增收５８６．５０元,产投比为１０．１：１．０,拌种＋叶面喷雾对燕麦分蘖有促进作用,可明显提高鲜草产量,纯增收最高可达２５３．５０元,产投比最高可达４．３：１．０。     

警犬"甜甜"眼里的好主人

我叫"甜甜",是一头缉毒警犬,别看我的名字取得很女性化,但我却是一头真正的公犬,取名"甜甜",只是因为我的性格比较温顺的缘故。现在我是一名"老兵",因为我在云南公安边防部队服役已经快三年了。     

进口SPF鼠调整隔离期检疫风险分析

[目的]探讨缩短隔离期的可行性,以促进SPF鼠尽早用于科研。[方法 ]重点分析了境外环节SPF小鼠/大鼠的饲养设施、饲养管理、卫生控制、病原检测、官方监管及运输条件,研究了SPF鼠进境后的运输车辆、隔离设施、地方监管要求及历年进口发生问题的几率,比较了11个国家进口SPF鼠的隔离检疫政策。[结果 ]进口SPF鼠传入相关疫病的风险低、进境后暴露发生疫病的风险低,相关国家官方不进行强制隔离检疫。[结论 ]考虑到我国目前对活动物的隔离检疫政策和生命科学领域特殊需求,综合《进境动物检疫疫病名录》相关鼠病和国标《实验动物微生物学等级及监测》相关检测要求,建议在符合相应要求的条件下,调整进境SPF鼠隔离期为14天。     

溶菌酶对肉鸡食糜微生物数量、免疫及生产性能的影响

本试验旨在探讨溶菌酶对肉鸡生产性能的影响并简要探讨其作用机制,通过与抗生素作比较,选择食糜微生物数量、免疫机能及生长性能作为评价指标。选择144只1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为对照组、抗生素组及2个剂量溶菌酶组(基础日粮分别添加150g/t和300g/t溶菌酶),每组6个重复,每个重复6只鸡。试验鸡只饲喂玉米-豆粕型粉料,地面平养。试验结果表明:与对照组相比,饲料中添加溶菌酶降低了食糜中有害微生物(梭菌和大肠杆菌类)数量(P0.05);降低了肉鸡免疫器官指数、鸡新城疫抗体水平、IL-1β mRNA和TNF-α mRNA的表达丰度;溶菌酶对肉鸡平均日采食量无显著影响(P0.05),极显著提高了整个试验阶段肉鸡平均日增重,降低了料重比(P0.01);溶菌酶组与抗生素组在平均日采食量、日增重及料重比方面无显著性差异(P0.05)。综合各指标表明,溶菌酶具有类似抗生素的抗菌促生长作用,每吨饲料添加150g溶菌酶呈现出抗菌促生长作用。     

Based serum metabolomics analysis reveals simultaneous interconnecting changes during chicken embryonic development

Metabolic disorder is a major health problem and is associated with a number of metabolic diseases. Due to native hyperglycaemia and resistance to exogenous insulin, chickens as a model had used in the studies of adipose tissue biology, metabolism and obesity. But no detailed information is available about the comprehensive changes of serum metabolites at different stages of chicken embryonic development. This study employed LC/MS‐QTOF to determine the changes of major functional metabolites at incubation day 14 (E14d), 19 (E19d) and hatching day 1 (H1d), and the associated pathways of differential metabolites during chicken embryonic development were analysed using Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis method. Results showed that 39 metabolites were significantly changed from E14d to E19d and 68 metabolites were significantly altered from E19d to H1d in chicken embryos. Protein synthesis was promoted by increasing the concentrations of L‐glutamine and threonine, and gonadal development was promoted through increasing oestrone content from E14d to E19d in chicken embryos, which indicated that serum glutamine, threonine and oestrone contents may be considered as the candidate indicators for assessment of early embryonic development. 2‐oxoglutaric acid mainly contributed to enhancing the citric cycle, and it plays an important role in improving the growth of chicken embryos at the late development; the decreasing of L‐glutamine, L‐isoleucine and L‐leucine contents from E19d to H1d in chicken embryonic development implied their possible functions as the feed additive during early posthatch period of broiler chickens to satisfy the growth. These results provided insights into understand the roles of serum metabolites at different developmental stages of chicken embryos, it also provides available information for chicken as a model to study metabolic disease or human obesity.     

政府重视畜禽健康养殖环境的整改建设应是走向现代畜牧业的关键

经过多年的努力,我国农区畜牧业有了长足的发展,正处于由传统畜牧业向现代畜牧业过度的关键时期。然而,由于养殖的传统基础,随着养殖密度的不断增大,伴随着养殖环境的逐渐恶化,形成疫情潜在危险,直接影响农区畜牧业持续发展和向现代畜牧业的转变。笔者就我国部分地区农区畜牧业发展的现状、存在的问题缺陷、对一些年来疫情发生的基本规律加以分析,提出必须由政府重视对目前建立在传统基础之上的农区畜牧业加以系统整改,科学规划布局,解决存在的问题,规范畜禽养殖,建立畜禽健康养殖环境,实现农区畜牧业的持续健康现代化发展。提出"政府保整建,业务部门保质量"的整改发展目标责任。