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Objective To examine the incidence of positive results in a complement fixation test (CFT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Chlamydophila abortus in Australian sheep and how this incidence differs with state of origin, age, sex, breed and property. To examine the consequences in relation to rejection of breeder sheep for export.
Design Collection of blood samples from 891 sheep on 109 properties in southern Australia. All samples had a unique, coded property identification.
Procedure The samples were tested using the Institut Pourquier Chlamydophila abortus antibody ELISA (rELISA) and a CFT. Residual maximum likelihood analyses of the sample to positive ratio of the corrected optical density for the rELISA and generalised linear mixed model analyses of the CFT outcomes were carried out.
Results The sample to positive ratio of the corrected optical density values of the rELISA did not differ between sex, age, breed or state of origin, but differed greatly between properties. The CFT outcome did not differ between age, breed or state of origin, but differed greatly between properties and was more often positive with rams than with ewes.
Conclusion Positive outcomes to C. abortus antibody tests are very common in Australia. Rams have a particularly high incidence of positive results with the CFT. Rejection of sheep and property consignments is likely to be very common with all tests and situations examined except for the CFT (at 1:32 dilution) in ewes. 相似文献
Design Collection of blood samples from 891 sheep on 109 properties in southern Australia. All samples had a unique, coded property identification.
Procedure The samples were tested using the Institut Pourquier Chlamydophila abortus antibody ELISA (rELISA) and a CFT. Residual maximum likelihood analyses of the sample to positive ratio of the corrected optical density for the rELISA and generalised linear mixed model analyses of the CFT outcomes were carried out.
Results The sample to positive ratio of the corrected optical density values of the rELISA did not differ between sex, age, breed or state of origin, but differed greatly between properties. The CFT outcome did not differ between age, breed or state of origin, but differed greatly between properties and was more often positive with rams than with ewes.
Conclusion Positive outcomes to C. abortus antibody tests are very common in Australia. Rams have a particularly high incidence of positive results with the CFT. Rejection of sheep and property consignments is likely to be very common with all tests and situations examined except for the CFT (at 1:32 dilution) in ewes. 相似文献
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T Guimarães C Miranda M Pinto E Silva L Damásio AL Costa MJ Correia JC Duarte C Cosinha G Lopes G Thompson A Rocha 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(6):926-933
A possible role of breeding activities in the composition of the microbial population in stallions' external genitalia (EG) and the relationship between micro‐organisms colonizing the skin of the abdomen and the ones colonizing the EG have not been studied. In experiment 1, EG microbiological samples were collected from 41 stallions used for both natural cover and semen collection (BST) and from 18 non‐breeding stallions (NBST). A higher (p < 0.05) frequency of isolation of potentially pathogenic species was found for BST. Age did not influence number of micro‐organism species isolated both in BST and NBST. In experiment 2, the microbial content of the EG and semen was compared in 23 BST. Most micro‐organisms isolated from the EG were present in semen, albeit with a numerically lower prevalence. In 7 stallions, six microbial species isolated from semen were absent from the EG cultures, suggesting contamination by the operator. In experiment 3, a numerically higher number of micro‐organism species was isolated from the EG of 31 stallions, than from their skin of the ventral abdomen in contact with the penis or from the skin of the thorax. With the sole exception of Escherichia coli, potentially pathogenic bacteria were only isolated from the EG but not from the skin. Results suggest that breeding activity increased the number of species colonizing the EG; most species isolated from the EG were also found in semen even if with a lower frequency, and additional semen contamination seemed to occur during its manipulation. Many micro‐organism species of the skin were also isolated from the penis, but independently of being or not in contact with the penis, skin did not seem to provide an adequate environment for the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria that were isolated from EG, with the sole exception for E. coli. 相似文献
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A.M. Prados-Ligero J.L. González-Andújar J.M. Melero-Vara M.J. Basallote-Ureba 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(9):861-870
Pseudothecia of Pleospora allii developed best on garlic leaf debris infected by Stemphylium vesicarium incubated at low temperature (5–10°C) and relative humidity (RH) close to saturation. RH of less than 96% prevented the formation of pseudothecia, while an incubation temperature of 15–20°C led to the early degeneration of pseudothecia. Under natural conditions, colonization by pseudothecia of unburied garlic leaf debris varied between seasons from 6.0 to 15.5 pseudothecia/mm2, whereas lower colonization levels were recorded when samples were buried. Pseudothecial maturity was reached 1–4mo after the deposition of garlic debris on the soil surface and 15 days after the burial of residues. In the later case, pseudothecia degenerated with degradation of the plant debris. Ascospore release, which required rainfall or dew periods, occurred between late January and late April depending upon the year. A high correlation was found between pseudothecia maturation and four meteorological variables. Two of which, i.e. the number of hours with RH98% and with a mean temperature of 4.5–10.5°C, and the accumulated rainfall, explained most variability (adjusted R2=0.82–0.98 depending upon the year). A multiple regression equation relating the pseudothecia maturity index with these two variables could be used to forecast the epidemic onset of Stemphylium leaf spots in Southern Spain. Temporal progress of pseudothecia maturation was best fitted by a monomolecular model. 相似文献
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