兰州地区部分奶牛场子宫内膜炎病原菌分离鉴定及抗生素耐药性研究简

为了探明兰州地区奶牛子宫内膜炎病原菌区系分布及抗生素耐药情况,指导临床合理用药。笔者对从兰州地区3个规模化奶牛场采集的47份奶牛子宫内膜炎样品进行了细菌分离鉴定,同时对分离鉴定出的4种主要病原菌采用纸片扩散法（K-B法）进行了抗生素耐药性检测。病原菌区系分布结果表明,引起兰州地区奶牛子宫内膜炎的病原菌主要为化脓隐秘杆菌（37.1%）、大肠杆菌（24.2%）、屎肠球菌（22.6%）和无乳链球菌（16.1%）。抗生素耐药性结果表明,4种主要病原菌对大部分抗生素均产生了不同程度的耐药性,尤其是对青霉素、复方新诺明、奥复星和杆菌肽耐药性最为严重,其耐药率为60%～100%。对4种病原菌均较敏感的药物主要有头孢他啶、先锋霉素V和氟苯尼考,其敏感度达100%。     

河南省夏播青贮玉米品种筛选与综合评价

为筛选出适合河南地区种植的优质高产青贮玉米(Zea mays)品种,本研究在河南原阳,选用20个玉米品种作为试验材料,对其干物质生物产量、品质性状(粗蛋白、淀粉、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、相对饲用价值)、抗逆性(倒伏率、倒折率、茎腐病)和农艺性状(株高、穗位、青贮生育期)等指标进行比较分析.结果表明:1)渝青386、渝青506、北农青贮368、渝青玉3号、新科910、雅玉04889、先玉1658、郑青贮1号、九新631、北农青贮3740和郑青贮2号11个品种干物质生物产量均高于对照雅玉青贮8号,其中先玉1658和九新631籽粒产量均高于郑单958.2)品质指标在20个品种之间差异显著(P＜0.05),通过品质指标聚类分析获得两大类群,其中第Ⅰ类群玉米品种品质较高,除永优1573外其余品种品质等级均为特级或者一级,且该类群玉米品种中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fiber,NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fiber,ADF)含量较低,淀粉含量和相对饲用价值较高.3)渝青玉3号、渝青386、宁禾0709、渝青506、曲辰19、雅玉04889、大京九26和永优1573 8个品种抗倒性较差.从干物质生物产量、品质、抗逆性等综合考虑,北农青贮368、新科910、先玉1658、郑青贮1号、九新631、北农青贮3740、郑青贮2号7个品种表现最佳,适宜作为青贮玉米品种在河南省黄淮海畜牧产业区推广种植.     

苜蓿种质材料对亚麻刺盘孢的室内抗性评价

通过盆栽试验,以孢子悬浮液(浓度1×10-6个·mL-1)喷雾接种14d后统计病情指数,测定株高、生物量、相对质膜透性、脯氨酸、可溶性糖和木质素含量,对50份苜蓿(Medicago)种质材料进行苗期抗亚麻刺盘孢的抗性评价,探索室内抗病评价方法,旨在为病害防治和抗病育种提供参考。抗病性等级评价结果表明:对亚麻刺盘孢表现为高抗的材料有:兰热来恩德、干地、呼伦贝尔、吐鲁番、霍纳伊、阿尔贡奎因、龙牧801、杜普梯和西奎尔;表现为高感的有:新疆大叶、法国(M 47)、榆次、南特、沧州和普罗莫。其他指标综合评价结果表明:抗亚麻刺盘孢较强的种质材料有:兰热来恩德、霍纳伊、阿尔贡奎因、龙牧801、敖汉、吐鲁番和西奎尔;抗亚麻刺盘孢较弱的种质有:法国(M 47)、润布勒、武功、草原三号、陇东、新疆大叶、陇中、普罗莫、沧州和榆次苜蓿。综上所述,确定苜蓿苗期抗亚麻刺盘孢较强的种质材料有:兰热来恩德、霍纳伊、阿尔贡奎因、龙牧801、吐鲁番和西奎尔;抗亚麻刺盘孢较弱的种质材料有:榆次、沧州、普罗莫、新疆大叶和法国(M 47)苜蓿。     

成体干细胞的研究现状与展望

近年来，干细胞特有的生物学特性及其潜在的生物医学应用价值使之成为生命科学领域最热点、最前沿的课题之一。随着对干细胞研究的不断深入，人们发现成体干细胞除了具有较强的自我更新、高度增殖和多向分化潜能外还具有分化方向的可塑性。作者根据国内外研究成果，综述了成体干细胞的“可塑性”研究的最新进展，以及成体干细胞可塑性研究的前景及存在的主要问题。     

Comparison of two types of CIDR-based timed artificial insemination protocols for repeat breeder dairy cows

This study compared two types of controlled internal drug release (CIDR)-based timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol for treatment of repeat breeder dairy cows. In the first trial of the experiment, 55 repeat breeder cows were randomly assigned to the following two treatments. (1) In the EB group, a CIDR device was inserted into the cows, and then the cows were administered an injection of 1 mg estradiol benzoate (EB) plus 50 mg progesterone (P4; Day 0). On Day 7, they were given an injection of PGF(2alpha) and the CIDR device was removed. The cows were given an injection of 1 mg EB on Day 8 and were subjected to TAI 30 h later (n=27). (2) In the gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) group, a CIDR device was inserted into the cows, and then the cows were administered an injection of 250 microg gonadorelin (GnRH; Day 0). On Day 7, they were given an injection of PGF(2alpha) and the CIDR device was removed. The cows were given an injection of 250 microg GnRH on Day 9 and were subjected to TAI 17 h later (n=28). In the second trial, 41 repeat breeder cows that were confirmed as not pregnant in the first trial were randomly assigned to the same two treatments used in the first trial (an EB group of 20 cows and a GnRH group of 21 cows). The ovaries of 15 cows from each group were examined by transrectal ultrasonography in order to observe the changes in ovarian structures, and blood samples were collected for analysis of serum P4 concentrations. The pregnancy rates following TAI in the first (18.5 vs. 32.1%) and second (40.0 vs. 38.1%) trials and the combined rates (27.7 vs. 34.7%) did not differ between the EB and GnRH groups. The proportions of cows with follicular wave emergence within 7 days did not differ between the EB (12/15) and GnRH groups (13/15). The interval to wave emergence was shorter (P<0.01) in the GnRH group than in the EB group, but there was no difference in the mean diameters of dominant follicles on Day 7 between the groups. Moreover, the proportions of cows with synchronized ovulation following a second EB or GnRH treatment did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, treatment with either EB or GnRH in a CIDR-based TAI protocol results in synchronous follicular wave emergence, follicular development, synchronous ovulation, and similar pregnancy rates for TAI in repeat breeder cows.     

施肥对沙打旺种子产量构成因素及种子产量的影响

在北京地区进行了不同肥料种类、施肥量、施肥时间及比例的试验结果显示,秋施80kg/hm^2 P2O5＋春施160kg/hm^2 P2O5处理的潜在种子产量和实际种子产量达到最高,分别为2470.95kg/hm^2和820.65kg/hm^2。与其它处理相比,其单株花穗数、花穗上的小花数、可育小花数和千粒重均有显著提高。     

坏死梭杆菌FN(A)p2001株小鼠感染模型的建立

将鹿源坏死梭杆菌FN(A)p2001分离株以3×108、3×107、3×106、3×105、3×104、3×103个/只等不同菌量,分别接种于6组小鼠,每组10只,逐日观察小鼠感染情况.结果表明,3×106、3×107、3×108个/只菌量感染组小鼠,在接种后3 d～8 d先后死亡,5 d后死亡小鼠的病理变化明显,并从死亡小鼠内脏及脓汁中均检到长丝状及小杆状等多形态典型的坏死梭杆菌;3×104个/只和3×105个/只菌量感染仅表现体重减轻,3×103个/只菌量感染无明显临床表现.由此表明,坏死梭杆菌FN(A)P2001分离株具有很强的感染毒力;对小鼠的最小致死量为106个/只菌量;腹腔接种是适宜的感染途径.从而建立了坏死梭杆菌分离株小鼠感染模型.     

Risk analysis of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in Korea

The occurrence of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE, so called mad cow diseases) that was first identified in England in 1986 was considered as being limited to only European countries, including England. However, the outbreak in Asia as well as North America since 2001 has amplified the fear that there isn't any nation in the world that is a safe area. In order to assess the risk of BSE outbreak in each country, the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) and EU have respectively established criteria, where OIE has set 5 levels and EU has set 4 levels. The Scientific Steering Committee (SSC) of the European Commission conducted a Geographical BSE Risk(GBR) assessment for 64 nations, such as the United States, etc., as of April 29, 2003. However, as of July 1, 2005, the duty of GBR assessment is expected to be transferred to a newly established body called EFSA (European Food Safety Authority, located in Parma, Italy). As Korea has not undergone a GBR assessment up to now, this study analyzed the risk of BSE outbreak in Korea by reviewing BSE prevention measures, etc., that have been put in place. This study shall be a barometer for estimating the GBR assessment level of Korea.     

Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid modulates phagocytic responses of canine peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes exposed to Clostridium difficile toxin B

Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12-CLA) has been reported to enhance phagocyte function. Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB) has been known to inhibit Ras-homologous (Rho) guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) which play essential roles in neutrophil immune functions. Here, we examined whether in vitro treatment with t10c12-CLA modulates the filamentous actin (F-actin) polymerization, phagocytic capacity, and oxidative burst activity (OBA) of canine peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (PMNs) exposed to TcdB. Treatment with t10c12-CLA, but not linoleic acid, enhanced PMN F-actin polymerization, phagocytic capacity, and OBA, while TcdB suppressed these functions. t10c12-CLA reversed the suppressive effects of TcdB on these PMN functions. t10c12-CLA stimulated F-actin polymerization regardless of whether phagocytosis was stimulated by microspheres but only elevated OBA when microspheres were added. We asked whether the effects of t10c12-CLA were associated with changes in the activation of the Rho GTPase Cdc42. Treatment with t10c12-CLA augmented Cdc42 activity in both TcdB-treated and TcdB-naive PMNs during phagocytosis. Thus, t10c12-CLA up-regulates PMN phagocytic responses attenuated by TcdB. This effect is associated with an increase in actin polymerization and may involve the activation of Cdc42.     

谈多样化军事任务下军犬繁育工作系统化建设——赴欧洲引进种犬的认识

<正>2009年11月12日至12月8日,由总参军务部牵头组成种犬采购团,赴德国、英国等国家为全军引进了一批优良种犬,成功实现了我军种犬第五次换代,作为经历这次种犬引进全过程的参与者,笔者结合这次经历