小麦杂种后代籽粒蛋白质含量的配合力研究

选用６个蛋白质含是高低不同的亲本，采用Ｇｒｉｆｆｉｎｇ双列杂交方法二，对亲本在Ｆ１－Ｆ３的蛋白质含量配合力作了研究。结果表明，蛋白质含量的ＧＣＡ与ＳＣＡ方差均极显著，表明在要试验中基因加性效应和非加性效应均起重要作用。但由于三个世代ｇｃａＭｓ／ｓｃａＭｓ值均极显著，且随着世代的推进这一比值又逐渐增加，因此蛋白质含量在杂种后代的表现主要还是由基因加性效应决定，随着世代的推进，基因加性效应越显重要，在     

Genetics of multiple disease resistance in a doubled-haploid population of barley

The barley accession Q21861 possesses resistance to the stem-rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici), leaf-rust (P. hordei), and powdery-mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei) pathogens. An anther-culture-derived doubled-haploid population was produced from F₁ plants from a cross of this accession and the susceptible breeding line SM89010 as a means of rapidly and efficiently determining the genetics of multiple disease resistance. The doubled-haploid population segregated 1:1 (resistant:susceptible) for resistance to the stem rust pathotype QCC indicating the involvement of a single resistance gene, rpg4. Two-gene (3:1) and one-gene (1:1) segregation ratios were observed for resistance to the stem-rust pathotype MCC at low (23–25°c) and high (27–29°C) temperature, respectively. These different segregation patterns were due to a pathotype × temperature interaction exhibited by rpg4 and Rpg1. another stem-rust-resistance gene present in Q21861. One-gene and two-gene segregation ratios were observed in reaction to the leaf rust and powdery mildew pathogens. These data demonstrate the utility of doubled haploid populations for determining the genetics of multiple disease resistance in barley.     

基于两级选择性聚类集成的农用地整治时空配置分区

针对传统聚类算法易陷入局部最优、不兼顾地理空间的问题,该研究以湖南省怀化市为例,从生态敏感性、用地适宜性与整治迫切性3个维度建立分区评价指标体系,应用一种基于混合距离,同时具有聚类方案质量识别功能的两级选择性聚类集成方法对怀化市农用地整治进行时空配置。通过聚类运算,将怀化市300个聚类单元划分为：近期重点整治区、近期适度整治区、中期重点整治区、中期适度整治区和远期限制整治区5个类型,面积比例分别为9.05%、30.48%、22.58%、7.33%、30.56%,符合怀化现状条件;相较于传统聚类方法,两级选择性聚类集成方法具有聚类质量识别与兼顾地理空间的优势,且更适用聚类单元较多、属性空间复杂的情况。研究结果在客观上为未来土地整治工作与聚类方法的创新提供了可供借鉴的思路。     

薄面光折射式小麦种子流多通道并行检测装置设计与试验

针对小麦高速播种作业过程中高频排种种子流精准检测困难的问题,该研究设计了一套薄面光折射式小麦种子流多通道并行检测装置。基于将高通量变为低通量多通道并行同步检测的思路,设计了种子流分流结构。根据小麦种子物理特性,在已有传感原理的基础上,提出了一种\     

Germinated Brown Rice Enhances Antioxidant Activities and Immune Functions in Aged Mice

The present work was designed to obtain information on the effect of germinated brown rice (GBR) that has undergone different germination times (zero, one, two, three, and four days) on antioxidant activities and immune functions in aged mice. White rice (WR) was also investigated as a comparison. Chemical analysis of rice samples showed that the amounts of most nutritional and bioactive components increased significantly after two days of germination and were much higher in GBR and brown rice (BR) than in WR. Animal feeding experiments showed that dietary GBR and BR performed much better than WR in enhancing antioxidant activities and improving immune function in aged mice, and dietary GBR from three to four days of germination overall exhibited a better effect than GBR from zero to two days of germination.     

棉花双隐性核雄性不育的利用研究

ｍｓ５ｍｓ５受两个隐性基因控制雄性不育，它来源于美国抗风暴品系，没有有害因子存在，用它为母本生产杂交种，具有较好的杂种优势。Ｆ２代群体中只有１／１６不育株，Ｆ２代种子可以利用。     

超干处理和贮藏对番茄和辣椒种子生活力和活力的影响

试验采用氧化钙为干燥剂对番茄和辣椒种子进行超平处理和贮藏，以研究其对种子生活力和活力的影响。结果表明，番茄种子水分降至3．77％、辣椒种子水分降至3．86％，未发现对种子生活力和活力有明显的影响；对不同含水量的番茄和辣椒种子室温密闭贮今6个月后的调查结果发现，超低水分种子生活力和活力较高，细胞膜能保持较好的完整性，脱氢酶活性和呼吸强度较高。由此可见超干贮藏有利于保持番茄和辣椒种子的生活力和活力。     

水肥耦合对香蕉园土壤线虫群落结构及多样性的影响

以海南香蕉种植区为例,研究了水肥一体化条件下,不同水肥用量（低肥：每株香蕉施尿素400 g、磷酸二氢钾256 g、氯化钾1024 g;高肥：每株香蕉施尿素500 g、磷酸二氢钾320 g、氯化钾1280 g;低水：3800 L/株,高水：4750 L/株）对土壤线虫群落结构及多样性的影响。4个取样时期低肥低水（A）、低肥高水（B）、高肥低水（C）和高肥高水（D）4个处理的线虫总数、食细菌线虫数量、食真菌线虫数量、植物寄生线虫数量和捕食/杂食线虫数量均存在显著差异（P＜0.01）。本试验田中共鉴定出土壤线虫22科34属,其中巴兹尔属（Basiria）和针属（Paratylenchus）为优势属。单增加施肥量显著增加了植物寄生线虫数量和捕食/杂食线虫数量,同时增加施肥量和灌水量显著增加了线虫总数、食细菌线虫数量和食真菌线虫数量。从整个生育期来看,线虫总数和4个线虫营养类群的数量在苗期均较低,抽蕾期和成熟期均较高。4个取样时期A、B、C和D4个处理的多样性指数（Shannon diversity,H′）、自由生活线虫成熟度指数（Maturity index,MI）、通道指数（Channel ratio,NCR）、Wasilewska指数（Wasilewska index,WI）和富集指数（Enrichment index,EI）均存在显著差异（P＜0.01）。单增加灌水量显著增加了结构指数（Structure index,SI）和EI指数,单增加施肥量显著增加了H′和NCR指数,同时增加施肥量和灌水量显著增加了植物寄生线虫成熟度指数（plant parasite index,PPI）。从整个生育期来看,苗期的H′、NCR、SI和EI指数较高,营养生长期的MI和WI指数较高,抽蕾期的优势度指数（dominance index,λ）较高,成熟期的PPI指数较高。该研究结果表明,土壤线虫群落结构的变化很好地反映土壤水肥的变化状况,土壤线虫可作为施肥和灌溉过程中土壤质量变化的生物学指标。     

Comparison of 1-deoxynojirimycin and aqueous mulberry leaf extract with emphasis on postprandial hypoglycemic effects: in vivo and in vitro studies

Carbohydrate digestion by α-glucosidase and subsequent glucose uptake at the brush border are critical for postprandial blood glucose control. Any specific inhibitors are useful as hyperglycemia modulating agents. In this study, it was postulated that an array of active components in mulberry leaf extract (MLE) may provide higher potency in inhibiting intestinal glucose absorption compared to the single component 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), which is recognized as a promising inhibitor of intestinal glucose absorption. Both MLE and DNJ were active in inhibiting α-glucosidase. However, in Caco-2 cells, only MLE showed significant inhibition of 2-deoxyglucose uptake, whereas DNJ was ineffective. For glucose loading, co-administration of MLE resulted in potent inhibitions of glucose responses compared to those by DNJ in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, but this was not found for maltose loading. These novel findings add evidence that the unabsorbed phytochemicals in MLE compete with glucose for intestinal glucose transporters, but DNJ itself does not. We also evaluated the timing of MLE consumption. By administering MLE for 30 min before glucose loading, the incremental area under the curve (IAUC) was significantly lowered in the rats, as compared to a simultaneously administered group. Similarly, cellular glucose uptake was significantly reduced in Caco-2 cells following pretreatment.     

基于废气成分分析和支持向量机的发动机故障诊断

为了实现发动机故障的快速实时诊断,提出了一种基于废气成分分析和支持向量机的发动机故障诊断方法。该方法首先运用NHA500废气分析仪采集发动机典型故障状态下的HC、CO、CO2、O2、NOX等废气参数值,接着对采集到的数据进行规范化处理,提取特征向量作为学习样本,然后用于设计训练基于支持向量机的多元分类器,进行故障类型识别。试验结果表明,采用纠错编码的支持向量机分类方法比神经网络具有更好的抗干扰性和更强的分类能力,在小样本的情况下故障诊断正确率达98.5%,能有效描述废气成分变化和故障状态之间的复杂关系。