重组高产H1N1亚型猪流感疫苗株的构建与鉴定

为制备一株猪流感灭活疫苗的候选毒株,本研究利用反向遗传学技术,将A/swine/Guangdong/1/11(H1N1)毒株的HA、NA基因和A/PR/8/34毒株的PB2、PB1、PA、NP、M、NS基因进行重组,成功拯救出鸡胚高度适应性毒株rH1N1。抗原性分析显示rH1N1保留了亲本毒株良好的抗原性。rH1N1接种10日龄鸡胚48 h后,血凝价达到210,表明该毒株能在鸡胚中高水平复制。该毒株为H1N1亚型猪流感灭活疫苗的研制奠定了坚实的物质基础。     

云南派姬小蜂对其寄主及寄主植物相关化学线索的行为反应

与寄主植物和寄主相关的化学线索在寄生蜂的寄主搜寻过程中起着重要作用。云南派姬小蜂Pediobius yunnanensis是松树钻蛀性害虫——微红梢斑螟Dioryctria rubella的蛹寄生蜂,为了探究该寄生蜂对其寄主和寄主植物相关化学线索的行为反应,本研究进行了一系列试验。利用Y形嗅觉仪,测定了该寄生蜂对不同处理的油松球果（含蛹球果、含空蛹壳的球果、幼虫为害的球果和健康球果）和松枝（含蛹松枝、幼虫为害的松枝、含蛹球果的系统枝、含蛹松枝的系统枝和健康松枝）以及幼虫虫粪（3龄幼虫虫粪、含蛹球果内的幼虫虫粪）挥发物的趋性行为;在开放场中,测定了老熟幼虫爬行痕迹对该寄生蜂搜索行为的影响;利用双选择试验,在培养皿中测定了该寄生蜂对微红梢斑螟茧或蛹浸提液的行为反应。结果显示,在嗅觉试验中,含蛹球果、含有空蛹壳的球果挥发物对寄生蜂有极显著的引诱作用,而幼虫为害的球果和健康球果对寄生蜂的行为无明显影响;该寄生蜂对含蛹松枝挥发物表现出明显的正趋性反应,而对幼虫为害的松枝、含蛹球果的系统枝、含蛹松枝的系统枝以及健康松枝则无趋性反应;寄生蜂对含蛹球果中的幼虫虫粪挥发物表现出偏爱性,而对3龄幼虫虫粪无明显反应;在开放场中,老熟幼虫的爬行痕迹对寄生蜂的搜索行为无显著影响;在培养皿中,微红梢斑螟茧的甲醇、二氯甲烷或正己烷浸提液以及蛹的二氯甲烷或正己烷浸提液,不仅能强烈地吸引该寄生蜂,还能明显延长其停留时间。该结果为揭示云南派姬小蜂寄主搜寻行为的化学调控机制以及微红梢斑螟的生物防治提供理论依据。     

Effects of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance,intestinal morphology,non‐specific immunity and mRNA expression in weanling piglets

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance, gut health and non‐specific immunity of weanling piglets. A total of 150 weanling piglets were allocated to six treatments. The piglets were fed the same basel diet supplemented with 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics for 28 days. From day 14 to day 28 of dietary treatment, piglets fed 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. During the whole experimental period, piglets fed 120 mg/kg lysozyme tended to have greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. Compared with piglets fed control diet, piglets fed diets containing antibiotics and 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater villus height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum and jejunum. Additionally, dietary supplementation of 60 and 90 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics enhanced the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in piglets. In conclusion, dietary lysozyme can accelerate the growth of weanling piglets by improving gut health and non‐specific immunity and supplementing 90 mg/kg lysozyme is as effective as antibiotics (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate + 50 mg/kg kitasamycin) in improving the growth performance of weanling piglets.     

河西灌区田间固定道保护性耕作下作物轮作模式效益评价

在甘肃河西走廊,通过田间试验结合入户调研的方式,运用综合评价的方法,对基于固定道保护性农业的7种轮作模式进行了分析。结果表明：小麦-加工型甜椒-玉米经济效益最好,净收益、产投比和单方水产值分别为1.52×10⁴元·hm^-2、2.00和5.39元·m^-3;小麦-啤酒大麦-小麦劳动生产率最高,达240.2元·人^-1·a^-1,社会效益在所有轮作模式中也相对最好;小麦-油葵-啤酒大麦区域水资源安全保障度、水分能量生产效率、热量利用率分别为1.83、2.07×10⁴ kJ·m^-3和66.12%,生态效益最好;综合效益相对较好的4种轮作模式分别为小麦-加工型甜椒-玉米、小麦-马铃薯-小麦、小 麦-玉米-玉米和小麦-针叶豌豆-小麦。兼顾考虑固定道保护性农业系统的稳定性维护,小麦-加工型甜椒-玉米、小麦-玉米-玉米和小麦-针叶豌豆-小麦三种轮作模式更适宜在固定道保护性农业技术体系中进行应用和推广。     

Thrombolytic Therapy in Dogs and Cats

Objective: To review the thrombolytic agents most commonly used in humans, their mechanisms of action, potential uses, adverse effects, and reports of their use in dogs and cats.
Human data synthesis: Thrombolytic agents avaliable in human medicine include streptokinase, urokinase, tissueplasminogen activator (t-PA), single-chain urokinase plasma activator (scu-PA) and anisoylated plasminogen-strep-tokinase activator complex (APSAC). These agents were originally used for the management of proximal deep vein thrombosis and severe pulmonary embolism but more recently, use of these drugs has been extended to include the treatment of acute peripheral arterial disease, cerebrovascular disease (stroke) and acute coronary thrombosis. The most predictable side effect associated with the use of thrombolytic therapy is hemorrhage.
Veterinary data synthesis: Clinical experience with thrombolytic agents in small animals is limited to streptokinase and t-PA. It is possible, that as in humans, canine and feline patients with PTE and right ventricular dysfunction may benefit from thrombolytic therapy but there are no veterinary studies to support this theory to date. Successful use of streptokinase has been documented in a small number of canine patients with systemic thromboembolism. ⁶³ Thrombolytic therapy is relatively efficacious in cats with aortic thromboemboli but is associated with a high mortality rate. ^59,60,64 With regard to use of t-PA in veterinary medicine, the small number of animals treated with varying protocols makes it impossible to provide safe and effective dose recommendations at this time.
Conclusions: Future goals for thrombolytic therapy in veterinary medicine include determination of more specific clinical indications, as well as design of effective protocols that minimize mortality and morbidity.     

猪Ghrelin基因的克隆及原核表达

从猪下丘脑、胃等组织中提取总RNA，根据已发表的猪的Ghrelin mRNA序列设计合成引物，通过RT-PCR进行cDNA扩增，获得了282bp的片段。将该片段克隆于pMD-18T载体后进行序列分析，确认PCR产物为Ghrelin cDNA。从阳性克隆中提取质粒，经NheⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切，回收282bp的目的片段，定向克隆到pET-28a表达载体中，提取质粒并再次转化到BL21（DE3）中，成功地筛选出阳性克隆。经IPTG诱导阳性菌，通过SDS-PAGE检测出猪Ghrelin基因的表达．     

Effect of miR-181b on cell proliferation and expression of Bcl-2 and SP1 in HepG2 cells

AIM: To investigate the role of miR-181b in the expression of Bcl-2 and SP1 at mRNA and protein levels in the human hepatoma G2 cells (HepG2), and to explore the effect of miR-181b on the regulation of HepG2 cell proliferation. METHODS: The synthetic double-strand complementary DNA based on the sequence of miR-181b was inserted into the vector of miRNASelect^TM pEGP-miR. The microRNA high-expression plasmid was cloned, and the sequences were identified. The miR-181b plasmid was transfected into HepG2 cells with liposomes. The stable cell line was screened by puromycin. The mRNA and protein levels of Bcl-2 and SP1 were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method was used to analyze the proliferation of HepG2 cells. RESULTS: The Western blotting results showed that miR-181b inhibited the protein expression of Bcl-2 and SP1. The result of RT-PCR also indicated that the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and SP1 was suppressed. Compared with the control, the growth rate of HepG2 with high expression of miR-181b was significantly decreased.CONCLUSION: miR-181b inhibits the proliferation of HepG2, which may be related to the down-regulation of Bcl-2 and SP1.     

表面活性剂强化EDTA络合洗脱污灌土壤中重金属的试验研究

在实验室条件下研究了表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、聚氧乙烯月桂醚(Brij35)和重金属洗脱螯合剂EDTA对土壤中Cd、Pb的解吸去除作用,同时研究了加入SDS和Brij35后对EDTA解吸污染土壤中Cd、Pb作用的影响,并对解吸前后重金属在土壤介质中形态变化进行了测定。结果表明,加入表面活性剂SDS可使EDTA对Cd的解吸量由61.67%增加到79.68%、对Pb的解吸量由57.25%增加到89.65%。在EDTA浓度较小时,加入SDS对Cd、Pb的解吸产生拮抗作用,抑制了EDTA对污染土样中Cd、Pb的解吸;随着EDTA浓度的不断增加,加入SDS与EDTA产生明显的协同增溶作用;表面活性剂Brij35具有相同的增溶作用,但增溶效果不如SDS。比较复配解吸前后重金属形态变化,可溶态、碳酸盐结合态较解吸前减少60%￣90%,大大降低了污灌土壤中重金属的毒性和生物可利用性。试验结果可为利用表面活性剂与EDTA复配提高重金属在土壤介质中的解吸率提供理论依据,并可应用于污灌土壤中重金属的冲洗治理。     

亚热带地区马蹄金草坪播种量的筛选

马蹄金是一种重要的地被植物,然而目前利用的种子依赖于进口,如何减少种子利用是生产中面临的问题。试验以马蹄金作为材料,按10、13、16、19、22g/m2进行播种,采用随机区组设计,通过相对生长速率、盖度、密度及草坪综合质量等指标测定,筛选出适宜亚热带地区的播种量。结果表明:播种量为19g/m2的条件下,生长80d后马蹄金草坪密度达到165.57株/米2,盖度为69.78%;与其他处理相比,播种量为19g/m2杂草发生率少,且盖度增加快,均一性好,综合质量最高(P0.05)。因而,19g/m2可以作为马蹄金在亚热带地区建植草坪时的适宜播种量。     

日本矮生沿阶草在长江中下游地区的引种适应性研究

日本矮生沿阶草(Ophiopogon japonicus(L.f.)Ker.-Gawler)是一种喜湿、耐荫、耐寒的地被植物, 具有耐贫瘠、适应性广、抗逆性强等特点,在园林绿化上有着广阔的应用前景。通过在长江中下游地区连续3年的引种栽培试验,表明日本矮生沿阶草在该地区有较强的适应性,本文还对其快速繁育技术进行了阐述。