Identification of quantitative trait loci for agronomic and physiological traits in maize (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Zea mays</Emphasis> L.) under high-nitrogen and low-nitrogen conditions

Low-nitrogen (LN) tolerance is a compound character with a complex genetic basis. Many agronomic traits have been shown to be closely related to LN tolerance in maize. In this study, 150 F₇ recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between inbreds 178 and K12 were evaluated for agronomical and physiological traits under high-nitrogen (HN) and LN conditions in 2 years. Inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) was used to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for traits recorded under different treatments (LN and HN) in 2 years. In total, 86 QTLs were detected: 38 for HN and 35 for LN, while 13 QTLs were detected under both nitrogen levels, suggesting that LN-specific QTLs may play a role in improving LN tolerance in maize. Overlapping QTLs for different traits were located on all chromosomes except chromosome 4 and chromosome 9. Many of these regions overlapped with previously reported QTLs. Several consensus major QTLs and LN-specific major QTLs found in the study can be used in marker-assisted selection breeding for genetic improvement and LN tolerance in maize in the future.     

优质高产小麦新品种晋太114的选育

晋太114是山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所以矮败小麦后代材料2003 F1686矮败为母本,长6878为父本进行有性杂交,采用系谱法经多年选育而成的冬小麦新品种.2016年通过山西省农作物品种审定委员会审定.在2013-2014年度和2014-2015年度参加山西省中部晚熟冬麦区水地组区域试验,平均单产7 692.8 kg/hm2,比对照(2013-2014年度为长4738,20142015年度为中麦175)平均增产8.7％,产量居第1位;2015-2016年度参加山西省中部晚熟冬麦区水地组生产试验,平均单产7 498.2 kg/hm2,比对照中麦175增产6.9％,产量居第1位.籽粒容重790 g/L,粗蛋白质含量13.16％,湿面筋含量28.9％,稳定时间3.3 min,达到国家中筋小麦品质标准.该品种具有优质、高产、抗冻、抗病、抗热、抗青干、灌浆快、落黄好、适应性强的特点.适宜于山西省中部晚熟冬麦区水地种植.     

肉鸡肌纤维与肉质关系研究

选用地方鸡种白耳鸡、泰和鸡、黄羽肉鸡康达尔 12 8cs、石岐杂鸡、快长肉鸡AA鸡cs、蛋用鸡罗曼褐cs和矮脚黄鸡 7个鸡种 (系 ) ,在同样条件下饲养到 13周龄进行品味、肌纤维等性状测定。结果表明 ,地方鸡种白耳鸡、矮脚黄鸡肉质最好 ,石岐杂鸡、康达尔黄鸡 12 8cs次之 ;罗曼褐cs、AA鸡cs、泰和鸡肉质较差。白肌纤维直径大于红肌纤维和中间型纤维直径 ,其所占比例与肉质呈负相关 ,白肌纤维比例愈高 ,肉质愈差。肌纤维直径与鸡的体重大小没有关系。肌纤维密度和直径共同影响肌肉的蛋白质含量 ,且与肉质呈负相关     

松花粉工艺处理对防控印度谷螟的效果

印度谷螟是松花粉的重要仓储害虫,为有效控制仓储害虫,确保产品质量安全,进行了干燥、过筛、灭菌及破壁等松花粉产品主要工艺过程防控印度谷螟的试验。结果表明:在松花粉产品加工流程中,采用180目以上筛网过筛,49 ℃、120 min加温干燥,12 kGy ⁶⁰Coγ辐照灭菌,机械破壁或压片成型,7 g·m^-3、6.5 h硫酰氟熏蒸或-8 ℃、24 h冷冻贮藏等任一工艺处理,都能防杀印度谷螟卵或幼虫。各措施组合应用能有效防控印度谷螟侵入或危害,且经济、实用和安全。     

牵引式红枣残枝粉碎机的设计与试验

红枣残枝粉碎还田是目前亟待解决的问题。为此,设计了一种牵引式红枣残枝粉碎机,通过对辊破碎和动定刀粉碎共同作用实现粉碎效果。对破碎辊轴、粉碎主轴的转速和功率等参数进行了详细阐述,规范了动刀在主轴上的排布方式,选用双螺旋式刀具排布,确保同一时刻有且仅有两个动刀同时工作,有效降低了振动和机组动力损耗,提高了工作效率。运用ANSYS软件对主轴进行了静力学分析及模态分析,得出了应力应变图及粉碎主轴前6阶固有频率和振型图。应力应变图表明:最大应力为8.3326 MPa,最大变形量为0.017419 mm,参考材料特性,主轴强度满足设计要求,故主轴设计合理、安全。模态分析结果表明:最低固有频率为98.286Hz,所对应的临界转速5897 r/min远大于初定主轴转速2000 r/min,因此在工作中主轴转动时不会产生共振现象。样机试验结果表明:粉碎机工作生产率为817.67kg/h,吨功耗为49.06kW/h,噪声为95.3dB,粉碎粒度合格率为86.97%,可以实现连续稳定运作,粉碎粒度符合还田技术要求。     

红枣气体射流冲击干燥收缩特性研究

Chinese jujube originated in China and has a long historical standing. China is the only country which can produce a great amount of Chinese jujube in the world. Modern research showed that the nutrition of Chinese jujube is abundant. Chinese jujube has great medicinal and food value, with high economic value and good prospects for development. Shrinkage characteristics of dates generally refer to volume shrinkage characteristics of whole dates. Large fruit and plump grain appearance of dates is the first choice of consumers to buy elements. The volume of dried jujube points to the consumer’s heart, and is an important indicator of consumers whether to buy. Jujube processing enterprises grade the date in accordance with its size, different grades dates have different value and price. Therefore, drying is the most important steps during the dates processing as it affects directly the quality of the product, and the shrinkage characteristics is the most important quality characteristic of Chinese jujube after drying. However, the traditional natural desiccation and desiccation in the drying room of the red dates has many problems. The conventional drying method for Chinese jujube has some disadvantages of severe shrinkage, long drying time and large energy consumption etc. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of dried Chinese jujube and reduce the shrinkage, it is imperative to replace the traditional drying method with the modern technologies. Air impingement drying technology was applied to dry Chinese jujube. The drying characteristics of shrinkage, moisture effective diffusivity considering shrinkage characteristics and the activation energy of Chinese jujube shrinkage were investigated under different air temperatures (55, 60, 65 and 70℃) and air velocities (6, 9, 12 and 15m/s). The dynamic changes of the regular pattern for the shrinkage characteristic of Chinese jujube in the air impingement drying process were studied, the results showed that the volume relative shrinkage ratio of Chinese jujube appeared to increase and then decrease with the increase of air temperature and air velocity. Considering shrinkage characteristics, the moisture effective diffusivity of Chinese jujube in the air impingement drying process through the Fick’s second law was obtained. The diffusivity appeared to increase and then decrease with the decrease in moisture content in dry basis of Chinese jujube. The Arrhenius equation calculated the shrinkage activation energy of the Chinese jujube was 1281kJ/mol. This research provided technical basis for shrinkage characteristics of Chinese jujube using air impingement drying technology.     

1种食用菌细菌隐性污染栽培种的菌种分离研究

研究1种以木屑为主要配方的食用菌细菌隐性污染栽培种的菌种分离。稀释涂布平板法分析细菌总数。栽培种捣碎后悬于无菌水,分别以短时(5 min)涡漩振荡、摇床振荡(180 r/min)、低温静置(4℃) 3种方式处理;灭菌纱布过滤收集、无菌水淋洗木屑接种至PDA斜面,培养使其生长。以未经处理木屑为接种物作为对照。结果显示栽培种细菌数为15500 cfu/g;对照（30支）以及采用短时涡漩振荡处理所接30支斜面全部细菌污染;摇床振荡1、2、3、4天纯化率分别为20%、30%、46.67%及63.3%;低温静置1、2、3、4天纯化率分别为3.3%、10%、46.67%和60%。以木屑为主要配方的细菌隐性污染栽培种悬于无菌水经1~4天振荡或浸湿再分离的基内菌丝分离法可有效分离纯化菌种。     

模拟水淹对中华蚊母树生长及光合特性的影响

通过设置对照(CK)、持续性水淹(CF)、间歇性水淹(PF)和全淹(FF)4个水淹处理,模拟三峡库区秋冬季消落带土壤水淹变化,研究2年生中华蚊母树的生理生态适应机制。结果表明：不同水淹形式并没有显著影响中华蚊母树的株高和基径,而光合色素含量、光合及叶绿素荧光特性在不同水淹形式下却有所差异,CF 和 PF 植株光合色素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学猝灭(qP)以及电子传递速率( ETR)均出现了显著下降,但 PF植株下降的幅度要小于 CF植株,除光合色素含量、Gs和 Tr外,其他指标均差异显著,而 FF植株光合色素含量、Pn、Gs、Tr、Fv/Fm、qP 以及 ETR均未受到水淹的影响,与 CK植株差异不显著; CF和 PF植株叶片非光化学淬灭( qN )未受到水淹的影响,但 FF植株叶片 qN 与 CK相比却显著下降。虽然 CF植株较其他处理植株叶绿素含量、Pn、Gs、Tr、Fv/Fm、qP 以及 ETR 均下降明显,但水淹处理植株能够通过形成不定根、特化的皮孔以及减少叶片数量来增加耐淹能力。因此,中华蚊母树具有较强的耐淹能力,在不同水淹形式下均表现出一定的适应性和可塑性。     

调味料生产线中粉碎系统改造设计

复合调味料在生产中,因粉碎车间布局不合理,常出现原料在粉碎过程中,产生粉料串味、吸潮结块、原料损失严重、卫生指标难以控制、车间内粉尘飞扬及工人操作劳动强度大等问题。针对这些问题,在原布局基础上,对生产车间和粉碎系统进行了改造设计,使之满足复合调味料粉碎加工工艺及产品质量要求,减轻劳动强度,提高经济效益。      

伊氏锥虫多因素致弱苗免疫机理的研究——补体在体液免疫和细胞免疫中的作用实验

用我室研制的伊氏锥虫多因素致弱苗免疫马血清中的补体，观察其灭活前后对体液免疫和细胞免疫的作用。结果：灭活补体的免疫血清，在体外试验，对锥虫形态活力不认异常；巨噬细胞对用灭活补体的免疫血清处理的锥虫吞噬率仅达８％；在体内试验，锥虫对小白鼠具有致病力，潜伏期为３～５ｄ，存活期为８～１６ｄ。未灭活补体的免疫血清，可使锥虫形态异常，活力减退、停止；用未被灭活补体的免疫马血清处理的锥虫，注射小白鼠可健活６０～７０ｄ，巨噬细胞对未用灭活补体的免疫马血清处理的锥虫吞噬率高达９１％。生物试验表明：被吞噬的锥虫均无感染力。从而看出补体在本虫苗的体液免疫和细胞免疫方面具有极为重要的意义。