桃需冷量遗传特性的研究

对桃的９个杂交组合４６３株杂种实生苗需冷量进行测定,统计结果表明：桃需冷量是由多基因控制的,Ｆ＿１需冷量平均值较亲中值短,不同组合偏离程度不同,南山甜桃、红日、玛丽维拉、白凤、大久保需冷量育种值分别为１５９、２１６、３１９、８３１、８３４ｈ,遗传传递力分别为７９%、５４%、９２%、８３%、９３%。需冷量的遗传力为８９．６９%。萌芽开花与需冷量密切相关。     

干巴菌根际土壤理化性质的研究

本言语报道昆明小哨和宜良良竹山两地区两种植被类型和两种成土母质发育的土壤上，干巴菌只能在弱酸性的沉积岩类（石灰岩或砂页岩）或河流沉积物类成土母质发育形成的山原红壤的针叶林型的云南松或阔叶林型的麻栎林下生长发育。而其它成土母质形成的土壤中云南松林或麻栎林下，不会长出干巴菌。（２）干巴菌根际土壤必须具有良好的理化性质－－土壤疏松多孔、透水透气和土温传递优良；ＰＨ值在４．５－５．５区间内；土质富含钙和铁     

不同供钙方式对海兰蛋鸡生产性能的影响

576只190日龄蛋用父母代海兰种鸡随机分为3组,分别在常规料供钙、傍晚额外加喂供钙和早晨及下午各供钙一次的三种方式下饲养8周。结果表明:早晨和下午各一次的供钙方式提高了蛋鸡的生产性能,较常规料供钙方式和傍晚额外加喂钙方式蛋重分别提高3.503％(P<0.01)和3.658％(P<0.01),产蛋量提高3.185％(P<0.01)和3.992％(P<0.01),饲料报酬提高4.485％(P<0.01)和5.298％(P<0.01)。大幅度降低了不合格蛋比例,和常规料供钙方式差异显著(P<0.05),额外加喂供钙方式使鸡产沙壳蛋的比例上升,早晨和下午供钙方式显著改善了鸡蛋的蛋壳品质。     

大肠杆菌耐热性肠毒素ST1—K99／LacZ基因重组的研究

将构建的ｐＢＳＴ２～６工程菌质粒用限制性内切酶ＢａｍＨＩ／ＢｇｌⅡ酶切，经琼脂糖凝胶电泳和电洗脱，回收１４７ｂｐ的目的ＳＴ１基因。随之将该基因分别重组到能有效表达Ｋ９９菌毛抗原和ＬａｃＺ酶的ｐＧＫ９９之Ｋ９９基因ＢｇｌⅡ位点和ｐＵＣ１８的ＢａｍＨＩ位点中。通过ＳＴ１基因探针菌落原位杂交、特定酶切分析及ＤＮＡ序列分析，筛选并鉴定出了理想重组子，从而构建出了能分别表达ＳＴ１融合基因产物的工程菌株ｐＳＫ２１９和ｐＸＳＴ１。     

Factors influencing decline in soil pH in Hawaiian Eucalyptus and Albizia plantations

Soil pH declined from 5.9 to 5.0 in 8 years beneath plantations of Eucalyptus saligna (Sm.) in Hawaii. In stands of Albizia falcataria, (L.) Fosberg, the soil pH change was more dramatic, declining from 5.9 to 4.6. We measured several components of soil acidity beneath four mixtures of the two tree species to gain insight on the processes responsible for the decline in soil pH. These components were studied using an empirical method of comparing acid quantity, degree of neutralization (depletion of base cations), and acid strength. The decline in soil pH differed between species as a result of differences in the degree of neutralization of the soil exchange complex; the larger decrease in soil pH under Albizia was produced by greater acidification of the exchange complex. Empirical titration curves suggested that differences in acid strength moderated the divergence in soil pH beneath the species. Had the acids accumulating in the soil under Albizia been as strong as those in the Eucalyptus soil, the difference in soil pH would have been greater. Though the two species had contrasting effects on soil pH, the differences in degree of neutralization, responsible for the pH decline, were small compared with differences in the amount of cations stored in tree biomass. Continued supply of nutrient cations (from weathering or fertilization) will ultimately control both the extent of soil pH decline and the level of productivity sustained by the forest.     

Monoclonal antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus: cross-reactivities to field isolates and hog cholera virus strains.

Monoclonal antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were examined for binding with a large number of North American BVDV isolates and eight strains of the serologically related pestivirus, hog cholera virus (HCV). No single BVDV monoclonal antibody reacted with all BVDV isolates. The most cross-reactive monoclonal antibody was an anti-p80/p125 antibody which showed a positive reaction with 173 of 180 (96%) North American isolates. From a fewer number of isolates tested, one anti-gp53 monoclonal antibody also showed a high cross-reactivity (94%). All BVDV isolates showed a positive reaction with at least one of the seven monoclonal antibodies in the panel. Thus, the results indicated that a pool of these monoclonal antibodies may be used in place of polyclonal antisera for the detection of BVDV contamination of cell lines or for virus isolation. For HCV, all three anti-p80/p125 monoclonal antibodies reacted positively with all eight virus strains. In contrast, none of the anti-gp53 monoclonal antibodies were reactive to HCV strains. Thus, the anti-gp53 monoclonal antibodies may be useful for distinguishing between usually innocuous BVDV infections and the highly significant HCV infections in swine for foreign animal disease surveillance.     

Comparative effects of mu and kappa opiate agonists on the cecocolic motility in the pony.

The electrical and mechanical activity of the large intestine and its response to administration of opiate mu and kappa agonists were assessed from electrodes and inductograph coils chronically implanted on the cecocolic segment in six ponies given a diet of hay and concentrates. Before the drugs were given, migrating complexes propagating from the cecum into the colon occurred at the rate of 1.5 to 16/hour. During this propulsive activity, the cecocolic sphincter opened and closed allowing the outflow of cecal contents and preventing the backflow of colic contents. Each pony was used as its own control and was given fentanyl (0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg of body weight, IV) and U50488H (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg, IV) at weekly intervals. The mu agonist fentanyl elicited a marked phase of inhibition of the propulsive activity and a closure of the cecocolic sphincter that lasted one to two hours depending on the dose. The kappa agonist U50488H induced an inhibition of the short spiking activity, i.e. of the resting muscle tone. It did not disturb the occurrence of migrating complexes nor that of the openings of the cecocolic sphincter. These kappa compounds may be drugs of choice to alleviate visceral pain in colic stases without inducing delay of transit unlike mu compounds.     

地膜覆盖对棉枯萎病发生的影响

地膜覆盖显著降低了棉花枯萎病的发病率与病情指数，极显著地提高了棉花的产量。     

强力增产素对小麦花后干物质生产和产量的调节效应

试验于１９９０～１９９２年在江苏农学院实验农场进行，供试品种（系）为扬麦５号、冀８４５４１８和８８７４．通过在小麦开花期喷施强力增产素，研究其对小麦花后干物质生产和产量的影响。结果表明：喷施强力增产素能延缓花后叶片的衰老，提高叶片叶绿素含量，增强光合功能，扩大花后干物质积累量，具有一定的增粒、增重作用。开花期喷施，可增产６．８２％～８．５６％，花后２０ｄ喷施效应下降，仅增产３．７３％。     

市场经济条件下如何加强林业的基础地位

市场经济条件下如何加强林业的基础地位是关系到国民经济可持续发展的关键所在。当前我国林业基础环境、林业政策环境和投资环境存在一些问题 ,林业走向市场也存在困难 (分类经营问题、林业产业的弱质性问题等 )。通过系统实施林业分类经营、制定林业保护政策、建立和完善森林生态效益补偿制度、实施森林资源强制保险、加强宏观调控建立活立木市场等 6项对策来加强林业基础地位。