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991.
992.
Green DM Werkman M Munro LA Kao RR Kiss IZ Danon L 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2011,99(2-4):225-228
Partitioning of contact networks into communities allows groupings of epidemiologically related nodes to be derived, that could inform the design of disease surveillance and control strategies, e.g. contact tracing or design of 'firebreaks' for disease spread. However, these are only of merit if they persist longer than the timescale of interventions. Here, we apply different methods to identify concordance between network partitions across time for two animal trading networks, those of salmon in Scotland (2002-2004) and livestock in Great Britain (2003-2004). Both trading networks are similar in that they moderately agree over time in terms of their community structures, but this concordance is higher--and therefore community structure is more consistent--when only the 'core' network of nodes involved in trading over the whole time series is considered. In neither case was higher agreement found between partitions close together in time. These measures differ in their absolute values unless appropriate standardisation is applied. Once standardised, the measures gave similar values for both network types. 相似文献
993.
994.
Bryan T. Torres DVM Dana Whitlock DVM PT Lisa R. Reynolds BS RVT Yang‐Chieh Fu PhD Judith A. Navik BS Abbie L. Speas DVM Andrew Sornborger PhD Steven C. Budsberg DVM MS DACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2011,40(6):715-719
Objective: Evaluate the effect of marker placement on kinematics of the canine stifle in 3 distinct hindlimb models. Study Design: In vivo biomechanical study. Animals: Normal adult mixed‐breed dogs (n=5). Methods: Ten retroreflective markers were affixed to the skin on the right rear leg of each dog to establish normal stifle kinematics. Four additional markers were placed around the greater trochanter (GT), 2 cm cranial, caudal, dorsal, and ventral to evaluate single marker placement variability on kinematic model data. Dogs were walked and trotted 5 times through the calibrated space. Sagittal flexion and extension angle waveforms were acquired during each trial with 3 models that were produced simultaneously during each gait. The GT marker was reassigned to 1 of the 4 additional locations (cranial, caudal, dorsal, and ventral) to alter the kinematic model. Comparison of sagittal flexion and extension angle waveforms was performed with Generalized Indicator Function Analysis. Results: Each model provided consistent equivalent sagittal flexion–extension data. Analysis revealed statistically significant differences between all GT locations. The differences were greatest in the cranial and caudal locations for all models. Conclusions: Deviation of the GT marker in the cranial/caudal direction from an anatomically normal position produces a greater degree of difference than deviation in a dorsal/ventral direction. 相似文献
995.
Krugner-Higby L Smith L Schmidt B Wunsch L Smetana A Brown C Heath TD 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2011,47(3):185-195
The purpose of this study was to determine the experimental side effects of liposome-encapsulated hydromorphone (LE-Hydro) in beagles and to evaluate LE-Hydro analgesia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomies (OVH). Beagles were injected subcutaneously with 1-3 mg/kg LE-Hydro or 0.1 mg/kg hydromorphone. Dogs were evaluated for sedation, temperature, respiratory rate, and heart rate. OVH dogs were injected with 2 mg/kg LE-Hydro subcutaneously or 0.2 mg/kg morphine and 0.05 mg/kg acepromazine intramuscularly. Side effects of LE-Hydro were within clinically acceptable limits. The analgesic efficacy was superior in dogs administered LE-Hydro at 12 hr postsurgically. LE-Hydro provided adequate, durable analgesia in dogs undergoing OVH. 相似文献
996.
997.
Verwilghen DR Martens A Busschers E Franck T Deberg M Henrotin Y Vanderheyden L Serteyn D 《Veterinary research communications》2011,35(7):401-408
The measurement of biomarkers that reflect cartilage breakdown is a powerful tool for investigating joint damage caused by
disease or injury. Particularly in cases of osteochondrosis, synovial concentrations of these biomarkers may reveal the presence
of osteoarthritic changes. Coll2-1, Coll2-1 NO2 and myeloperoxidase have recently been introduced in equine osteoarticular research but comparison between the concentrations
of these markers in OCD affected and healthy joints has not been made. Therefore, this study aimed at reporting the synovial
concentrations of these biomarkers in joints affected with osteochondral fragments in the tarsocrural joint compared to unaffected
joints. Myeloperoxidase and Coll2-1NO2 revealed to have similar levels between affected joints and controls. However, in contrast to previous studies using C2C
the present study demonstrated that synovial levels of Coll2-1 were significantly elevated in tarsocrural joints affected
with osteochondrosis. Thus, Coll2-1 may be an earlier marker of cartilage degeneration than other cartilage degradation markers
that have been previously used in equine medicine. 相似文献
998.
Vaccination has been identified as a promising control strategy for tuberculosis in both humans and cattle. Recent heterologous prime-boost approaches combining BCG vaccination with subunit boosts have shown considerable promise in both fields. However, the identification of further protective antigens is still a research priority. In this paper we have established the response hierarchy in Mycobacterium bovis infected or BCG vaccinated cattle of 6 Mycobacterium tuberculosis-derived proteins that were protective against M. tuberculosis in the guinea pig aerosol challenge model. Two of these proteins, Rv1806 and Rv3812, were recognised most frequently in cattle and therefore constitute potential subunit vaccine candidates that merit further evaluation in cattle. Their epitopes were mapped in infected cattle and were shown to be located primarily in the non-conserved regions of these PE/PE-PGRS protein family members. The aim of this study was to ascertain the presence of any correlation between the immunogenicity of defined antigens in different animal species. A weak association between guinea pig immunogenicity (as measured by protection) and antigenicity in M. bovis infected or BCG vaccinated cattle was found. 相似文献
999.
Keith A. Blass DVM Marc S. Kraus DVM Mark Rishniw BVSc MS PhD Sabine Mann DVM Lisa M. Mitchell LVT Thomas J. Divers DVM 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2011,13(4):261-266
Background
Myocardial disease in camelids is poorly characterized. Nutritional (selenium deficiency) and toxic (ionophore toxicity) myocardial disease have been reported in camelids. Diagnosis and management of these and other myocardial diseases might be enhanced by evaluating cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations. No information about cTnI reference intervals in camelids is currently available.Hypothesis/Objectives
(A) To determine cTnI concentrations obtained using a point of care i-STAT®1 analyzer (Heska Corporation) in healthy alpacas; (B) to compare alpaca cTnI concentrations between heparinized whole blood and plasma samples and between 2 different storage conditions (4 °C for 24 h or −80 °C for 30 days); (C) to examine assay reproducibility using the i-STAT®1.Animals, materials and methods
23 healthy alpacas were evaluated. Blood and plasma samples were analyzed by the i-STAT®1 within 1 h of collection. Aliquots of plasma were stored at either 4 °C for 24 h or −80 °C for 30 days, and then analyzed. Assay reproducibility was determined by comparing 2 plasma or whole blood cTnI concentrations measured on the same sample over a 10 min period.Results
Analyzer-specific plasma cTnI concentrations in clinically normal alpacas had a median of <0.02 ng/mL (range: <0.02 ng/mL to 0.07 ng/mL). Plasma and whole blood concentrations showed good agreement. Storage did not affect cTnI concentrations (p > 0.75). Plasma cTnI concentrations had coefficient of repeatability of 0.02 ng/mL.Conclusions
The i-STAT®1 can measure cTnI in alpacas on both plasma and whole blood and provides similar values for both samples. Storage at 4 °C for 24 h or −80 °C for 30 days does not affect estimates of plasma cTnI. Evaluation of cTnI might be of value in assessing cardiac disease in this species. 相似文献1000.