基于点评估方法的两广地区番木瓜中农药残留膳食暴露风险研究

为评估两广地区番木瓜中主要农药的残留情况及其产生的风险,采集了广东、广西地区40个生产基地的番木瓜样品进行测试分析,研究其生产过程中使用的杀虫剂、杀菌剂、杀螨剂和植物生长调节剂等各种农药残留情况,并对我国不同人群的膳食暴露风险进行了评估。结果显示,40批次番木瓜中检出农药残留32批次;在检出的32份番木瓜样品中,检出率超过10%的有咪鲜胺、吡虫啉、多菌灵、啶虫脒和苯醚甲环唑5种农药,检出率分别为51.1%、21.5%、13.3%、11.1%、10.9%。采用点评估方法,选择检出率在10%以上的咪鲜胺、吡虫啉、多菌灵、啶虫脒和苯醚甲环唑,进行农药残留慢性膳食摄入风险（%ADI）评估、急性膳食摄入风险（%ARfD）评估,并进行不同消费人群暴露点评估。结果显示：检出的5种农药%ADI均低于100.00%,为0.00023%~0.0059%;%ARfD远低于100%,为0.50%~28.3%,5种农药的急性和慢性摄入风险均为儿童高于成年人,绝大多数女性的摄入风险高于男性;5种农药急性摄入风险均高于慢性摄入风险,风险水平由高到低为咪鲜胺>啶虫脒>苯醚甲环唑>多菌灵>吡虫啉,但点评估结果均远低于100%,说明通过食用番木瓜摄入的农药残留极其微量,不会对人体产生急性或慢性风险。     

表达鸡α干扰素重组酿酒酵母菌的构建与鉴定

通过构建鸡α干扰素真核表达载体,以获得能够表达鸡α干扰素的酵母工程菌株。首先根据GenBank公布的鸡α干扰素基因序列设计上、下游引物,以略阳乌鸡基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增鸡α干扰素基因片段。然后,利用基因重组技术将鸡α-干扰素基因插入真核表达载体,通过菌落PCR和DNA测序确定目标载体,构建成功后转化至酿酒酵母AH109,再通过营养缺陷培养、质粒提取和PCR鉴定带JMB440-ChIFN-α载体的重组酵母菌株。最终通过酵母培养、总蛋白收集、SDS-PAGE电泳和Western blot等,确定鸡α干扰素基因能够与酵母菌株重组,并表达α干扰素,蛋白条带大小约为23ku,与预期结果一致,表明成功构建了表达鸡干扰素基因的工程酵母菌株。     

Effects of Smo gene silencing on cell activity and apoptosis of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells

AIM: To investigate the effect of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway on the viability and apoptosis of cervical carcinoma cells by shRNA technique to knock down Smoothened (Smo) gene. METHODS: Smo shRNA was used to transfect the cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. The expression of Smo and Gli1 at mRNA and protein levels in the HeLa cells was determined by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The effect of Smo gene silencing on the growth of the cells was measured by MTT assay. The apoptosis and cell cycle were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the mRNA and protein expression of Smo and Gli1 were evenly reduced obviously after transfected with Smo shRNA for 72 h (P<0.05). The viability of HeLa cells transfected with Smo shRNA was significantly inhibited. The percentages of the cells in G₀/G₁ phase and early apoptosis rate were obviously higher in Smo shRNA transfection group than those in control group. CONCLUSION: Smo gene silencing effectively inhibits the cell growth and induces the apoptosis of human cervical carcinoma cells.     

纳米Al_2O_3改性水性木器漆耐磨性和硬度的研究

为提高水性聚丙烯酸酯木器漆的耐磨性和硬度,进行纳米Al2O3浆料的制备及其对水性木器漆改性的研究,探讨分析不同制备方法和Al2O3添加量对漆膜耐磨性和硬度的影响。结果表明:以聚丙烯酰胺为分散剂、聚乙二醇和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚为润湿剂、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为稳定保护胶,在高速搅拌下制成的纳米Al2O3浆料,在透射电镜下观察发现纳米Al2O3颗粒分布均匀,具有良好的分散性;在不影响漆膜透明度的情况下,漆膜耐磨性和硬度随Al2O3添加量增加得到提高,添加量在1.5%时漆膜具有较好的耐磨性和硬度;纳米杂合工艺法的漆膜耐磨性和硬度优于后添加法制备的水性木器漆涂膜。     

白条党参幅宽50cm白膜覆盖露头栽培密度试验

在陇西县进行了白条党参幅宽50 cm白膜覆盖露头栽培模式密度试验。结果表明,种植株行距为5 cm×25 cm条件下,白条党参根长26.9 cm,根直径0.83 cm,一等品率41.56%;折合产量最高,为9 370 kg/hm2。可以得出,在陇西自然生态条件下,党参50 cm地膜露头栽培最佳株行距为5 cm×25 cm。     

Ultrastructure of stridulating organ of Xylotrechus rusticus L. (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) and behavioral responses to alarm sounds

We used scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe the ultrastructure of stridulating organs in Xylotrechus rusticus L. We compared the morphological structure and size of stridulating organs, the numbers of a tooth-like part used in stridulation and its presence in females and males of this beetle. The alarm sound of X. rusticus was recorded first when it was stimulated, then we tested behavioral responses to this alarm sound. The alarm sound of X. rusticus has a warning effect on conspecifics.     

大白菜软腐病苗期抗性及其与成株期抗性的关系

对６６个大白菜品种苗期抗性的测定结果表明，不同品种对细菌根系侵入和潜伏侵染的抗性存在显著差别；同一品种幼苗对侵入侵染的抗性与对潜伏侵染的抗性间没有相关性。幼苗期的组织含菌量与成株的田间软腐病发病程度有一定的相关性。并初步建立了大白菜对软腐病苗期抗性的鉴定方法。     

Toll-like receptor signaling is changed in ovine lymph node during early pregnancy

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) participate in regulation of adaptive immune responses, and lymph nodes play key roles in the initiation of immune responses. There is a tolerance to the allogenic fetus during pregnancy, but it is unclear that expression of TLR signaling is in ovine lymph node during early pregnancy. In this study, lymph nodes were sampled from day 16 of nonpregnant ewes and days 13, 16, and 25 of pregnant ewes, and the expressions of TLR family (TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9), adaptor proteins, including myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), and interleukin-1-receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), were analyzed through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry analysis. The results showed that mRNA and protein levels of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TRAF6, and MyD88 were upregulated in the maternal lymph node, but TLR5, TLR9, and IRAK1 were downregulated during early pregnancy. In addition, MyD88 protein was located in the subcapsular sinus and lymph sinuses. Therefore, it is suggested that early pregnancy induces changes in TLR signaling in maternal lymph node, which may be involved in regulation of maternal immune responses in sheep.     

河北省粮—饲平衡发展现状及对策建议

“粮改饲”政策推行以来,通过农业结构调整,实现了奶业振兴。伴随全球新冠肺炎疫情反复发生,粮食安全问题再次进入了公众视野,进而引发一个值得深思的问题：如何在保证粮食安全的前提下,实现草畜平衡,增加肉、蛋、奶市场供给,优化居民膳食营养结构。为此,以河北省为研究对象,深入分析粮食与饲草种植及市场供求。目前来看,河北省粮食种植面积在“红线”以上,饲草生产无法满足省内养殖业需求,同时,城乡居民对肉、蛋、奶的摄入仍未达到膳食营养标准。为优化农业种植结构及居民营养结构,提出推广新型种植模式、加强政策引导、创新生产技术等一系列措施,推动河北省粮—饲平衡发展。     

浅谈非洲猪瘟生物安全防控策略

非洲猪瘟是猪的一种急性、烈性传染病,一旦发病,致死率达100%,会给整个养猪业和社会经济造成巨大损失,目前尚没有效疫苗和特效治疗药物,因此非洲猪瘟的生物安全防控对于预防该病的发生具有重要意义。文章从非洲猪瘟的病原学特点流行现状、诊断方法、疫苗研制和生物安全防控要点等几方面进行叙述,旨在为该病的生物安全防控提供一定的理论参考价值。