Surgical outcomes in dogs with tracheal collapse treated with a novel cross-and-hook braided endoluminal stent

BackgroundStenting is an effective treatment option for tracheal collapse in dogs. Cross-braided tracheal stents are currently the norm in veterinary medicine, but cross-and-hook braided stents have recently been adopted in human medicine. We examined whether stents manufactured using this novel braiding technique provided additional advantages for the treatment of tracheal collapse in dogs.ObjectivesTo evaluate the outcomes of cross-and-hook braided stent implantation in the treatment of tracheal collapse in dogs.MethodsThe medical records of 22 client-owned dogs that underwent luminal placement of cross-and-hook braided Fauna Stents for the treatment of tracheal collapse between January 2018 and July 2021 were examined and data on canine signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic test results, surgical outcomes, and postoperative complications were retrieved and analyzed statistically.ResultsTwenty-six stents were surgically implanted, with 20 dogs (90.9%) receiving one stent and the remaining two (9.1%) receiving two or more stents. All dogs survived the procedure. The median survival time at a median follow-up of 990 days was 879 days. At the final follow-up examination, loss or mild improvement of cough was observed in all dogs.ConclusionsCompared with conventional lumen stents, the cross-and-hook braided Fauna Stent offered a higher survival rate and improved clinical symptoms in all patients. The results of this study suggest that the Fauna Stent may be a promising treatment option for dogs with tracheal collapse.     

Clip ligation for treatment of patent ductus arteriosus occlusion in three cats

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a rare congenital cardiovascular anomaly in cats. Due to their small body, intercostal thoracotomy is the most common option to close the PDA. However, few reports detail the surgical technique for ligating PDA in kittens. In this case report, three cats weighing 1.4 kg, 1.2 kg, and 2.9 kg were diagnosed PDA. Clip ligation via left fourth intercostal thoracotomy was performed and the cats were successfully treated. Postoperative echocardiography showed no residual flow in any of the cases. This case report highlights clip occlusion for small cats with PDA could be safe and effective.     

美丽乡村生态宜居建设成效评价研究 ——以宿迁市朱瓦村为例

美丽乡村建设是乡村振兴的核心内容,建设好生态宜居的美丽乡村是"留住乡愁"的重要载体.通过实地调研朱瓦村,从空间规划、特色产业、生态环境、乡村文化等方面分析了美丽乡村建设成效,采用问卷调查与访谈调查法,获悉村民对美丽乡村建设成果的满意度,并分析了美丽乡村建设中的不足之处,旨在为提升村庄的宜居性提供科学依据,并为其他美丽乡村生态宜居建设提供借鉴.     

Assessing Small-Scale Forestry by Data Base for Forest Owner Analysis

In Sweden, as in other countries with a growing and increasingly diverse population of forest owners, there is an apparent need for more detailed quantitative data of high quality in order to describe and understand present forest conditions and predict and explain future trends. Therefore, the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences has developed a Data Base for Forest Owner Analysis (DBFOA) by combining existing forest measurement statistics, gathered on a regular basis by the Swedish Forest Agency since 1992, with records of the individual forest owners. The database consists of self-reported measurement statistics in terms of cuttings, cleaning, scarification and planting from about 30,000 forest management units. It includes information on the owner age, gender, residential proximity to the management unit and the extent of work undertaken by the owner. From 1999 it also indicates whether the forest is certified. This paper demonstrates the use of the database by presenting results from (1) a comparison of management practices on properties that are certified with those that are not, and (2) an examination of how the area of planting and final felling have changed from 1999 to 2006 in total and between male and female forest owners. Results from the first analysis show that the willingness to certify increases with the size of the forest property and also that harvesting activities are more frequent on certified than non-certified properties. The second analysis, show a higher ratio of final felling during 2003–2006 on properties owned by women than properties owned by men.     

不同林龄杉木人工林根际效应及养分特征

以10、25、45年生杉木纯林为研究对象,分析了不同林分根际与非根际土壤养分因子(有机碳、活性有机碳、全氮、速效氮、全磷、速效磷)及其与酶活性(蔗糖酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶)的关系.结果表明:随着林龄的增加,根际与非根际土壤养分质量分数、酶活性均呈现增加趋势,而pH值呈现下降趋势;土壤有机碳和活性有机碳的根际效应随林龄增加呈现先增加后减少的趋势,二者均与蔗糖酶活性显著相关,根际土壤惰性有机碳比例大于非根际;全氮和速效氮的根际效应25 a最大,与脲酶活性变化规律一致,造成45年生杉木根际对土壤氮的富集效应减弱;全磷和速效磷的根际效应随林龄增加而增加,但全磷的根际效应远大于速效磷,酸性磷酸酶活性与速效磷根际效应显著相关.因此,在杉木人工林经营管理中应考虑外源磷的添加,提高土壤微生物酶活性,缓解杉木人工林生态系统的磷限制.     

乳蛋白水解度检测方法研究进展

水解蛋白配方食品的研发解决了婴幼儿对牛乳蛋白过敏或不耐受问题的同时,满足了营养需求。水解度是水解蛋白配方乳粉的重要指标,但是目前国内外没有水解蛋白配方食品水解度的检测方法。本文简要介绍水解蛋白配方食品及水解度的基本概念,并深入讨论了现有的蛋白质水解度检测方法,以期为水解蛋白配方食品水解度检测方法的建立提供参考。     

Effects of Chitosan Coatings Enriched with Different Antioxidants on Preservation of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) During Cold Storage

To investigate the effects of chitosan composite coatings for maintaining the quality of grass carp portions, indictors of microbiology (total bacteria count, TBC), chemistry (pH; total volatile basic nitrogen, TVB-N; 2-thiobarbituric acid, TBA; K-value), and sensory characteristics were analyzed periodically. The results showed that chitosan (1.5%, w/v) + acetic acid (1.0%, v/v) + tea polyphenol (TP, 0.5%, w/v) coating significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced growth of microorganisms as reflected in TBC, lipid oxidation as displayed in TBA, chemical spoilage as reflected in pH, TVB-N, K-value, and sensory characteristic scores compared to the control samples. The effect of chitosan (1.5%, w/v) + acetic acid (1.0%, v/v) + vitamin C (VC, 0.5%, w/v) coating was better than chitosan (1.5%, w/v) + acetic acid (1.0%, v/v) coating. Chitosan together with acetic acid and TP can be used as a type of preservative coating for grass carp portions under chilled storage.     

禁食对大口黑鲈生长和肝脏IGF-I mRNA表达丰度的影响

运用实时荧光定量PCR技术,研究禁食对体质量为(100+1)g的1龄大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)的生长和肝脏中类胰岛素生长因子-I(IGF-I)mRNA表达丰度的影响.在为期6周的实验期间,对照组每天表观饱食投喂2次;禁食组禁食3周后恢复投喂3周.实验期间对照组鱼体质量和体长逐渐增加.6周后,对照组鱼体增重率为10.99%,体长增加率为3.07%.禁食组禁食3周期间,鱼体质量下降了5.08%、体长减少了1.79%.同时肝组织IGF-I mRNA表达水平呈下降趋势,禁食结束时仪为对照组的29.93%.恢复投喂2周后肝组织IGF-I mRNA的表达量仍显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),鱼体质量为实验初始水平的98.54%,体长为实验初始水平的99.03%;恢复投喂3周后,禁食组鱼体质量、体长恢复到实验初始时水平(P＞0.05),但仍与对照组有显著差异(P＜0.01);肝组织IGF-I mRNA的表达丰度与对照组无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结果显示,禁食使大口黑鲈体质量、体长下降,同时肝组织IGF-I mRNA表达丰度也随之降低;而恢复投饲后,其生长、肝脏IGF-I mRNA的表达丰度也逐渐恢复.研究表明,鱼类的营养状况、生长和与IGF-I mRNA的表达之间存有正相关关系.     

Fish antibiotherapy: bioencapsulation of flumequine using adult brine shrimp (Artemia salina)

Optimization of antibiotic delivery strategies to aquatic environment and to the specific characteristics of the target species is essential for the improvement of bacterial infection control measures. This work aimed at standardizing the use of Artemia salina to deliver flumequine to fish as antimicrobial treatment. Adult Artemia were used to bioencapsulate flumequine. A flumequine concentration of 358 μg mL⁻¹ was found adequate to perform bioencapsulation during 24 h without causing mortality. Antibiotic concentration in Artemia, quantified by means of a microbiological assay based on MIC determination, using Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 as control strain was 256.55 mg g⁻¹ (±71.22). The therapeutic doses of 10 mg kg⁻¹ BW, calculated on the basis of a consumption of about 4% BW/day, would then be delivered by the consumption of 7.8 Artemia g⁻¹ of fish.     

A typology of fisheries management tools: using experience to catalyse greater success

Fisheries provide nutrition and livelihoods for coastal populations, but many fisheries are fully or over‐exploited and we lack an approach for analysing which factors affect management tool performance. We conducted a literature review of 390 studies to assess how fisheries characteristics affected management tool performance across both small‐scale and large‐scale fisheries. We defined success as increased or maintained abundance or biomass, reductions in fishing mortality or improvements in population status. Because the literature only covered a narrow set of biological factors, we also conducted an expert elicitation to create a typology of broader fishery characteristics, enabling conditions and design considerations that affect performance. The literature suggested that the most commonly used management tool in a region was often the most successful, although the scale of success varied. Management tools were more often deemed successful when used in combination, particularly pairings of tools that controlled fishing mortality or effort with spatial management. Examples of successful combinations were the use of catch limits with quotas and limited entry, and marine protected areas with effort restrictions. The most common factors associated with inadequate biological performance were ‘structural’ issues, including poor design or implementation. The expert‐derived typologies revealed strong local leadership, high community involvement and governance capacity as common factors of success across management tool categories (i.e. input, output and technical measures), but the degree of importance varied. Our results are designed to inform selection of appropriate management tools based on empirical data and experience to increase the likelihood of successful fisheries management.