坡面薄层水流流态判定方法的初步探讨

为了研究坡面薄层水流流态的判定方法,从水力学与泥沙动力学观点出发,在4种不同坡度有机玻璃床面与人工粗糙床面(砂粒粒径为0.5～1 mm)上对坡面薄层水流进行了试验研究,并应用水力学二元流雷诺数与泥沙动力学绕流雷诺数对坡面薄层水流流态进行了分析比较,研究结果表明绕流雷诺数能较好反映坡面薄层水流流态。     

Histomorphological changes between short and long days in ovary guanacos (Lama guanicoe)

This is the first morpho-histological comparison of guanaco ovaries between reproductive (long-days) and non-reproductive (short-days) seasons, and oestrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) detection. Different stages of follicle development were found in the cortical area, but no corpus luteum was detected. The size and frequency of antral follicles and large atretic follicles were higher in long-day ovaries than short-days, consistent with ovarian activity in this season. Differential expression of ERα and ERβ was observed in follicles at different stages of development between short and long days. These data reveal histological and molecular differences between reproductive and non-reproductive seasons of guanaco ovaries.     

Immunomodulatory effect of γ‐irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides on immunosuppressed broilers

In this study, we irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) using 25 kGy ⁶⁰Co γ ray to obtain γ‐irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides (IAPS) and then investigated the effects of IAPS on growth performance and immune function of cyclophosphamide (CPM)‐treated broilers. The physicochemical properties of APS and IAPS (molecular weight, water solubility, viscosity, morphological and structural properties) were evaluated. Then, 384 one‐day‐old Arbor Acres broiler chicks with similar initial weight were randomly assigned into 6 groups: the non‐treated group (control), and CPM‐treated groups were fed either a basal diet or the diets containing 900 mg/kg APS, or 900, 600, 300 mg/kg IAPS, respectively. On days 16, 18, and 20, all broilers except for the control group were intramuscularly injected with 0.5 ml CPM (40 mg/kg·BW). Broilers in the control group were intramuscularly injected with 0.5 ml sterilized saline (0.75%, wt/vol). This trial lasted for 21 days. The physicochemical treatment showed that γ irradiation could decrease the molecular weight and viscosity, and increase the water solubility of APS (p < 0.05), whereas the structural properties of APS was not affected. In the animal trial, 900 mg/kg APS or 900, 600 mg/kg IAPS relieved the decreased growth performance, thymus index, T lymphocytes proliferation, serum IgG concentration, NOS activity and the increased blood heterophil:lymphocyte ratio in CPM‐treated broilers (p < 0.05). CPM‐induced decreases in B lymphocytes proliferation and serum IgM concentration were only increased by IAPS at 900 mg/kg (p < 0.05). Overall, both APS and IAPS alleviated CPM‐induced immunosuppression. Especially, IAPS possessed better immunomodulatory effect than APS, indicating that γ irradiation could be used as an effective method to enhance the immunomodulatory activity of APS.     

萝卜扩展蛋白基因RsEXPB1克隆与表达特征分析

本文根据GenBank中扩展蛋白序列设计特异引物,从萝卜高代自交系"NAU-LVYH06"中克隆到一个扩展蛋白基因RsEXPB1(GenBank accession No.GQ387363,GQ387364).其编码区基因组序列长度为1 430bp,包括4个外显子和3个内含子;RT-PCR获得长度为898 bp的cDNA,开放读码框(ORF)为29～820 bp,推导编码263个氨基酸,含有1个组氨酸(His-Phe-Asp,HrD)功能域,ORF和推导蛋白序列与拟南芥AtEXPB3(GenBank accession No.NM118965)同源性分别为87%、92%.半定量RT-PCR检测到该基因主要在萝卜生育前期的幼叶、肉质根木质部和韧皮部中表达,且表达丰度可能与该部位细胞生长分裂状态相关,差异较明显.     

景观型木麻黄优良品种选育研究

利用木麻黄种类资源丰富,萌芽力强的特点,本文通过对不同木麻黄品种、种源等的调查,选育出60个景观型木麻黄品种。经育苗技术研究、早期测定和综合评定的方法确定其观赏价值,筛选出具有景观型木麻黄优良12个品种,分别是广东482、广东483、广东484、文昌436、岛东488、福建434,其次是广东485、文昌481、岛东439、岛东448、福建435、福建437,为城乡及沿海园林绿化、四旁植树、景观改造提供了新的景观树种,实现木麻黄的经济价值的提升。     

全基因组SNP分型技术在畜禽遗传育种研究中的应用

随着畜禽资源分子鉴定、物种进化、全基因组育种等热点领域的逐渐兴起,准确的全基因组SNP分型成为了畜禽基因组研究的关键。基因芯片、重测序、简化基因组测序及靶向捕获测序等全基因组SNP分型技术已广泛应用于畜禽基因组研究中。本文概述了全基因组SNP分型技术的原理及其在全基因组关联分析、选择信号分析和畜禽遗传资源背景分析等方面的应用,以期为畜禽基因组研究和育种应用提供借鉴和参考。     

糖化酶工业株的鉴定及糖化酶基因的克隆

对4种糖化酶工业株的rDNA片段进行克隆,在对比其rDNA-ITS1序列与GenBank数据库的基础上,结合形态学观察对菌株进行了鉴定。结果显示,4种菌株分别为黑曲霉、无花果曲霉、米曲霉和灰色小克银汉霉。通过Me-gAlign得到的进化树表明,前3种菌株亲缘关系较近,三者与灰色小克银汉霉的亲缘关系较远。进一步克隆了黑曲霉、无花果曲霉和米曲霉的糖化酶基因,并在毕赤酵母中实现了分泌表达。     

甘肃省极端降水指数时空变化特征

为了明确甘肃省极端降水事件的时空发生规律和变化特征,根据气候变化监测与指数专家组(ETCCDI)推荐的11个极端降水指数,分析了极端降水指数的时间变化特征,基于GIS技术采用空间地统计方法,研究了极端降水指数空间分布特征。结果表明：在时间分布上,持续干期呈显著减弱,变化速率为-2.129(p<0.05),持续湿期微弱下降,变化速率为-0.005(p<0.05),其余10个极端降水指数呈增强趋势(p<0.05),尤其年降水总量增加显著,变化速率为2.56(p<0.05)。总体来看,极端指数变化存在明显周期性,大致可分为2～3个周期;突变多发生在20世纪60年代中后期。在空间分布上,全省极端降水指数的空间变化特征较为明显,包括年降水量在内的10个极端指数由河西走廊向东递增,持续干期与之相反。综上,甘肃省极端降水指数变化具有明显的时间和空间差异。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱法在橄榄油掺假鉴别中的应用

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对橄榄油、葵花籽油、花生油、玉米油、大豆油、菜籽油、棕榈油7种食用植物油的红外光谱信息进行分析。结果表明,橄榄油的红外吸收光谱在吸收峰的位置及吸光度上均与其他种类的植物油有区别,以3005~3009 cm^-1、1117~1121 cm^-1处的吸收峰作为种类区分。模拟掺假过程,向橄榄油中掺入其他6种不同比例的低价值植物油后,发现1097、3005 cm^-1处吸收峰的峰面积与掺假百分比呈线性关系。此外,对7种食用植物油180℃加热2 h后的红外光谱图进行分析,发现968、1097 cm^-1处的吸收峰变化趋势有差异,橄榄油呈上升趋势而其他种类的植物油则呈现下降趋势。掺假橄榄油加热后谱图分析发现3005 cm^-1处的峰面积有所降低,但与掺假百分比仍呈线性关系,掺入5%低价油,3400~3650 cm^-1区域呈明显增加趋势,据此可以鉴别掺假量低至5%的橄榄油,这为橄榄油的掺假鉴别提供了一种快速高效的方法。     

浅析生态文明建设中加强环保民间组织建设——以常州市为例

指出了中国已经进入全面建设生态文明的时代,民众参与生态文明建设、环境保护的意识逐渐觉醒,环保民间组织在凝聚民众力量、宣传生态文明理念等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。通过对常州市环保民间组织实地调研,结合常州市环保工作进程,分析了环保民间组织的发展动态和瓶颈,探讨了在生态文明全面建设的背景下,如何加强环保民间组织的建设。