β-氨基丁酸、茉莉酸及其甲酯诱导辣椒抗TMV作用的研究

β -氨基丁酸 (BABA)、茉莉酸 (JA)及其甲酯 (MeJA)喷雾处理辣椒叶片和茎秆后可诱导辣椒获得对TMV的抗性。研究结果表明 :3种诱抗剂对不同辣椒品种所表现的诱抗效果没有显著差异 ;诱抗效果受诱抗剂的使用浓度、作物的生育期和TMV的接种浓度所影响 ;最高的诱抗效果可达到 5 0 %以上 ;BABA处理后 5～ 6d ,JA与MeJA处理后 6～ 10d接种TMV ,辣椒植株开始表达出较高的诱导抗性 ,这种抗性可持续 15d以上 ,并表现出与数量抗病性相似的特性。     

巴西蘑菇培养料筛选

对11个配方进行试验,筛选出一种适合巴西蘑菇生长的高产培养料配方:棉籽壳42％,麦草28％,牛粪20％,麦轶5％,石灰2.5％,过磷酸钙1％,石膏1％,尿素0.5％。用这种培养料栽培巴西蘑菇,产量可达到9.12～9.59 kg·m~(-2),生物学效率为39.65％～41.70％。     

小麦化感作用物的提取,分离及其对白茅的杀除效果

小麦颖壳提取物经3520树脂分离后,对所得甲醇洗脱物离心,分得油类似物、上清液及沉淀物。前两个组分在300mg/L的浓度下,对白茅生长抑制率分别为100％和98％。上清液经硅胶柱分离,得7个亚组分,其中第1、3和7号亚组分在500mg/L浓度下对白茅生长的抑制率分别为95％、91％和95％。第3亚组分经葡聚糖凝胶柱分离,又分得A、B、C 3个组分,褐色粉末状的B组分在1000mg/L浓度下使白茅的生长量下降81％。从而证明小麦颖壳对白茅的化感作用是由多个化感物共同作用的结果。室内和温室及大田的测定结果表明,小麦颖壳中的甲醇洗脱物在24mg/株的剂量下对白茅生长的抑制率可达90％以上。这暗示,小麦颖壳中的甲醇可溶物可望开发成为防治白茅的生物除草剂。     

稀土对刺槐苗木生理特性影响的研究

稀土对刺槐苗木生理特性影响的研究赵兰勇，梁玉堂（山东农业大学林学院泰安２７１０１８）王九龄（北京林业大学北京１０００８３）关键词稀土，刺槐，光合速率，叶绿素含量，水分利用效率，矿质元素含量近年来，稀土元素在农业上的应用研究越来越受到人们的重视，并且已...     

重组鸡IL-2增强鸡四联灭活苗免疫效果的研究

使用在原核表达系统中表达的重组鸡白细胞介素 2 (IL 2 )蛋白 ,经过初步的分离纯化 ,与鸡新城疫 禽流感 法氏囊 传染性支气管炎四联油乳剂灭活苗同时使用 ,检测其对疫苗的免疫增强效果。试验共分 5组 ,每组 1 0只鸡。其中对照组只注射四联油乳剂灭活苗 ;4个试验组 ,在注射疫苗的同时分别注射重组鸡IL 2蛋白 0 0 5mg、 0 0 1mg、 0 1 5mg、 0 2 0mg。试验组与对照组同时各注射新城疫等多联油苗 0 5mL。采用HA、HI试验测定鸡新城疫、禽流感抗体滴度。结果表明 :重组鸡IL 2对该四联油乳剂灭活苗有较强的免疫增强作用。以第 3、 4组的增强效果较为明显 ,其中对鸡新城疫病毒和禽流感抗原的抗体效价 ,与对照组相比分别提高 2 42 8和 2 2 3 0个滴度。重组鸡IL 2在使用的过程中 ,没有发现任何毒副作用 ,证明是一种安全高效的免疫增强剂。     

谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡脾组织结构发育的影响

160只 1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分成 4组 ,分别饲喂添加 0 % ,0 2 % ,0 4%和 0 8%谷氨酰胺的饲粮 2 8d。每周末每组取 6只鸡 ,颈静脉放血致死 ,取脾脏 ,Bouin液固定 ,制作石蜡切片 ,HE染色 ,光镜观察 ,显微摄影 ,研究基础日粮中添加谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡脾组织结构的影响。结果显示 :添加谷氨酰胺的各试验组脾小结增多、增大 ;动脉周围淋巴鞘增厚 ;椭球增多、增大 ,细胞排列疏松 ,鞘毛细血管内皮细胞增高、增多 ;红髓比例降低 ,脾索内浆细胞和巨噬细胞增多。添加 0 8%谷氨酰胺的脾小结变化明显 ,添加 0 4%谷氨酰胺的动脉周围淋巴鞘和椭球变化明显。说明日粮中适量添加谷氨酰胺可促进脾内淋巴细胞的增殖与分化 ,从组织学角度证明 ,谷氨酰胺可促进脾的免疫应答能力 ,提高机体的免疫功能     

芽孢杆菌BC98-Ⅰ抗真菌物质的初步分离及特性

BC98-Ⅰ是一株分离自沤肥浸渍液的蜡状芽孢杆菌，对蔬菜、瓜类、花卉枯萎病具良好的防治效果。它分泌产生的抗真菌物质的粗提物对黄瓜、西瓜、青椒枯萎菌有很强的拮抗作用，当浓度为10mg／mL时，抑菌圈直径分别达到20．33、20．22和22．77mm。该粗提物对高温高压、紫外光和蛋白酶均不敏感。同时，它在中性偏碱(pH8～9)的条件下活性最高；在极性溶剂如水、甲醇、乙醇中溶解度大，抑菌活性高。粗提液经Sephadex G100层析后，得到了两个洗脱峰，活性物质存在于第一峰中。抑菌机制试验表明：它可造成孢子萌发率降低、菌丝生长形态异常、分支加剧并产生大量泡囊。     

Astrocyte proliferation in the rat hippocampus after middle cerebral artery occlusion

AIM: To study rat astrocyte proliferation in ipsilateral hippocampus following focal cerebral ischemia. METHODS: Ischemia was induced by temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). In hippocampus of rats at 3, 7 and 30 days after MCAO, the numbers and anatomic distribution of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The protein expression of GFAP and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the ipsilateral hippocampus were analyzed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: Astrocytes appeared hypertrophic, with increased process thickness and numbers at 7 days after MCAO, and the highest density of astrocytes were seen at 30 days in the CA1, CA2 regions of the ipsilateral hippocampus. Western blot analysis revealed that GFAP levels were normal at 3 days, but increased by 7 days and remained elevation at 30 days. Western blot analysis of PCNA protein also revealed identified upregulation PCNA at 3 days after MCAO and the expression peaked at 7 days. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that focal cerebral ischemia in the rat results in a rapid response, a process often referred to as reactive astrogliosis or glial scarring, from resident astrocytes of the ipsilateral hippocampus to the side of ischemia.     

饲喂柠条对肉兔生产性能及胴体性状影响的研究

选用45～48日龄平均体重1050g的伊普吕(父系)幼兔64只,分成4组,进行柠条饲喂肉兔试验.对照组饲粮中谷草比例为33.4%,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别用10%、20%和33.4%柠条替代等比例谷草.48天试验结果为:对照组、试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日均采食量、日增重、料肉比分别为89.84g、92.95g、90.77g、79.95g,22.60g、23.30g、19.24g、17.90g,3.98:1、3.99:1、4.72:1、4.47:1.试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组与对照组日采食量、日增重、料肉比差异不显著(P＞0.05);屠宰试验结果为:试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ与对照组在胴体重、屠宰率、净肉率、肉骨比、心脏、肺脏、肝脏、肾脏等指标方面无显著差异(P＞0.05);而试验Ⅲ组日采食量、日增重均显著较对照组差(P＜0.05).试验结果表明:生长肉兔饲粮中添加10%～20%柠条粉是可行的,且饲粮成本较低.     

Antiviral Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiaeβ‐glucan to Swine Influenza Virus by Increased Production of Interferon‐γ and Nitric Oxide

The aim of these experiments was to investigate the potential antiviral effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiaeβ‐glucan on the pneumonia induced by swine influenza virus (SIV). Forty colostrum‐deprived 5‐day‐old piglets were randomly divided into four groups of 10. The 20 pigs in groups 1 and 2 were administered Saccharomyces cerevisiaeβ‐glucan orally (50 mg/day/pig; En‐Bio Technology Co., Ltd) for 3 days before SIV infection and those in groups 3 and 4 were given culture medium/diluent alone. Groups 1 and 3 were inoculated intranasally with 3 ml of tissue culture fluid containing 2 × 10⁶ tissue culture infective doses 50% (TCID₅₀)/ml of SIV and those in groups 2 and 4 were exposed in the same manner to uninfected cell culture supernatant. The microscopic lung lesions induced by SIV infection (group 1 pigs) were significantly more severe than those induced by infection in animals pre‐administered β‐glucan (group 3) (P < 0.05). Significantly more SIV nucleic acid was detected in the lungs of pigs experimentally infected with SIV only (group 1) at 5, 7 and 10 days post‐inoculation (dpi) compared with lungs from pigs pre‐administered β‐glucan and infected with SIV (group 3) (P < 0.05). The concentrations of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and nitric oxide (NO) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from pigs pre‐administered β‐glucan and infected with SIV (group 3) were significantly higher than for any other group at 7 and 10 dpi for IFN‐γ, and at 5, 7 and 10 dpi for NO (P < 0.05). Saccharomyces cerevisiaeβ‐glucan reduced the pulmonary lesion score and viral replication rate in SIV‐infected pigs. These findings support the potential application of β‐glucan as prophylactic/treatment agent in influenza virus infection.