一种含有竹叶黄酮的复配型肉类食品添加剂的开发

通过竹叶黄酮和异Vc钠的系列复配应用试验,得到了一种性能优越的肉类食品添加剂.实验选用中式香肠体系,通过测定过氧化值(POV)、酸价(AV)和亚硝酸盐含量,辅以感官评定等手段,评价此复合抗氧化剂的抗氧性能以及对产品风味和质量的整体影响.结果表明,在原配方的基础上,硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐减半使用,同时添加0.01%的竹叶黄酮和0.05%的异Vc钠,能显著抑制香肠的脂质过氧化,延长产品保质期,降低产品中亚硝酸盐的含量,同时维持并改善中式香肠应有的感官品质.竹叶黄酮在有效发挥抗氧化作用的同时,部分替代了具有潜在致癌作用的发色剂,提高了制品的安全性,是一种十分有前途的肉类食品添加剂.     

TRIZ理论在深根茎类作物挖掘机构中的应用

针对目前我国深根茎类作物挖掘机械中没有成熟的产品以及产品设计方法较为传统、落后的现状,运用一种解决发明问题的新型创新理论-TRIZ理论中的40个发明原理、39对矛盾矩阵及诸多相关理论,对深根茎类作物挖掘装置中的关键部件-挖掘铲的多种设计方案进行分析、比较和研究,最终得出较为理想的设计方案.采用该方案设计的挖掘铲在挖掘过程中可以实现不壅土,并能顺利地切断根茎,能使作物的根茎与土块、石块在挖掘铲上上升过程中高效地分离,且能实现减少根茎损伤的目标,从而达到降低挖掘阻力的目的.最后,运用Pro/E软件将最终设计的挖掘铲在计算机中进行虚拟仿真,并对仿真模型进行仿真分析,结果表明,挖掘铲的设计方案达到了预期目的.     

Effect of dietary modification of muscle long-chain n-3 fatty acid on plasma insulin and lipid metabolites, carcass traits, and fat deposition in lambs

In a previous study we showed that feeding fish meal significantly increased muscle long chain n-3 fatty acids (FA) and hot carcass weight. In this study we compared the effect of fish meal and fish oil on increasing muscle long-chain FA. We also investigated whether the increase in carcass weight was due to the effect of dietary enrichment of muscle long-chain n-3 FA on muscle membrane phospholipids and(or) to rumen by-pass protein provided by fish meal. Forty crossbred ([Merino x Border Leicester] x Poll Dorset) wether lambs between 26 and 33 kg BW were randomly assigned to one of five treatments: 1) basal diet of oaten:lucerne chaff (Basal); 2) Basal + fish meal (9% DM) = FM; 3) Basal + fish oil (1.5% DM) with protected sunflower meal (9% DM ) = FOSMP; 4) Basal + fish oil (1.5% DM) = FO; or 5) Basal + protected sunflower meal (10.5% DM) = SMP. Daily intake of ME (9.60 - 10.5 MJ ME/d) and CP (150 to 168 g/d) in all treatments was kept similar by varying the ratio of oaten:lucerne chaff and by feeding the animals at 90% ad libitum intake. Blood samples were collected at the start of the experiment and on the day (d 42) prior to slaughter. Lambs were then slaughtered at a commercial abattoir. At 24 h postmortem carcass traits were measured and longissimus thoracis muscle taken for analysis of FA of phospholipid and triglyceride fractions. Lambs fed FO and FOSMP showed a marked increase in muscle longchain n-3 FA (P < 0.001) and a reduction in magnitude of the rise in insulin concentration (P < 0.001) after feeding compared with lambs fed Basal and SMP diets. Lambs in FM had a moderate increase (P < 0.001) in muscle long-chain n-3 FA content. Compared with Basal diet, both plasma total cholesterol (P < 0.02) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.001) levels were greater in SMP and less in FO and FOSMP treatments. The i.m. fat content was reduced (P < 0.05) in FM and FO treatments, but carcass weight was increased only with fish meal (P < 0.03). Adding SMP to FO produced muscle with an intermediate level of i.m. fat, whereas muscle long-chain n-3 FA, i.m. fat, and insulin concentration were unchanged with SMP treatment. These results indicate that an increase in carcass weight in FM may be due to the supply of ruminally undegraded protein. They also suggest that fish oil along with fish meal can increase long-chain n-3 FA content in phospholipid of muscle membrane. This may be associated with reduced i.m. fat content and altered insulin action and lipoprotein metabolism.     

Effect of lowering the root/shoot ratio by pruning roots on water use efficiency and grain yield of winter wheat

A pot and a field experiment were conducted to assess the effects of root/shoot ratio (R/S) on the water use efficiency (WUE) and grain yield of winter wheat. The R/S was regulated by pruning the roots during the stem elongation stage, resulting in reduced root systems of the plants. At the heading stage, the root dry weight of root-pruned plants was less than that of intact-root plants, but their R/S was similar to that of intact-root plants under both experimental conditions. After tiller pruning, the R/S of root-pruned plants was significantly lower than that of intact-root plants (p < 0.05). Root pruning reduced the rate of leaf transpiration and lowered the number of tillers per plant (p < 0.05) during the vegetative stage. As a result, root-pruned wheat showed reduced water use when compared to intact-root plants before heading (p < 0.05). At anthesis, there was no significant difference in transpiration between plants with intact roots and those with pruned roots in the pots. However, under field conditions, transpiration of root-pruned plants was significantly higher than that of intact-root plants at anthesis. Additionally, at anthesis root-pruned plants had a higher rate of leaf photosynthesis and lower rate of root respiration, which resulted in a significantly higher grain yield at maturity when compared to plants with intact roots. Under both experimental conditions, there were no significant differences in shoot dry weight per plant between root-pruned and intact-root plants grown in monoculture. When root-pruned plants were grown with intact-root plants, the root-pruned wheat was less productive and had a lower relative shoot dry weight (0.78 and 0.86, respectively) than the intact-root plants (1.24 and 1.16, respectively). These results suggest that plants with pruned roots had a lower ability to compete and to acquire and use the same resources in the mixture when compared with intact-root plants. Root pruning improved the WUE of winter wheat under both experimental conditions. This suggests that appropriate management for the root system/tillers in wheat crops can be used to increase grain yield and water use efficiency. Specifically, lowering the R/S improved the grain yield and WUE of winter wheat significantly by lowering its competitive ability and improving root efficiency. Therefore, drought-resistance breeding to improve the grain yield and WUE, at least for wheat, should be made by targeted selection of less competitive progeny with a small R/S for cultivation in arid and semiarid areas.     

京郊北藏乡防护林景观生态评价

根据防护林学和景观生态学的原理 ,将野外调查与地理信息系统RegionManagerV4 .0和遥感等技术相结合 ,从林带和林网两个尺度对北京市大兴县北藏乡防护林体系的布局和结构的合理性 ,进行分析和评价 .作者认为 :该乡主林带防护能力不足 ,副林带过宽 ;组成林带的物种类型单一 ;整个景观结构与布局不够合理 .经过分析论证 ,对该区防护林的经营管理方向提出了建议 :应适当增加主林带的宽度 ,减少副林带的宽度 ,重视混交林的营造 ,中间乔木树种两侧辅以灌木的乔灌混交形式较适合 ,林带透光疏透度应保持在 0 .3～ 0 .4 ,闭合林网数应达到 1 3个 km2 .     

基于UNDP项目的天保工程执行效果初步研究--以陕西省宝鸡市马头滩林业局为例

在对陕西省宝鸡市马头滩林业局UNDP支持“中国天然林保护工程能力建设和政策研究”项目执行情况调查的基础上,分析了天保工程实施对当地林业局带来的产业结构调整和对职工收入的影响,同时分析了UNDP项目对促进当地能力建设的作用与效果,总结了一些成功的经验,指出执行过程中存在的问题,提出了一系列对策与措施。     

芜菁花叶病毒对油菜的侵染性和在体内的分布运转规律

芜菁花叶病毒在油菜不同生育阶段的侵染性有很大差异,以苗期最易被侵染,而成株期抗侵染能力很强。随着植株生育进程,病毒含量由低到高,并分布于各器官。病毒的增殖和运转与植株体内营养物质的积累和运输密切相关。病毒在植株体内的垂直分布情况,随着植株的生长发育,病毒有由下向上输送的趋势。根据病毒的侵染、增殖和运转规律,对防治工作有一定指导意义。     

牡丹ACC氧化酶基因cDNA克隆及全序列分析

 以牡丹品种‘洛阳红’（Paeonia suffruticosa 'Luoyang Hong'）花瓣为材料,用CTAB法提取总RNA,根据已报道的ACC氧化酶（1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase,ACO）保守氨基酸序列设计简并引物,通过RT-PCR扩增得到1条821 bp的牡丹ACO基因同源片段。利用该已知中间序列,通过快速扩增cDNA末端技术(Race)及序列拼接,最终得到该基因cDNA全长序列,命名为Ps-ACO1,GenBank登录号为DQ337251。分析结果表明,Ps-ACO1 cDNA全长1 221 bp,包含一个939 bp的开放读码框,5'非翻译区长65 bp,3'非翻译区长117 bp,编码产物为含有312个氨基酸残基的蛋白质。氨基酸序列与烟草、苹果、桃等植物的ACO同源性都达80%以上。     

CmRT1, a Ty3-gypsy-like retrotransposon in Castanea mollissima,is associated with a short-catkin mutation

Summary

Retrotransposons are major components of the genomes of most eukaryotic organisms and have resulted in the introduction of desirable traits in many crops, including fruit trees. Here, we describe a Ty3-gypsy-like retrotransposon associated with a short-catkin mutant in Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima), resulting in catkins that are < 20% the length of normal staminate catkins. A partial sequence of the retrotransposon, named CmRT1, detected by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, and its complete sequence were determined from the genome of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) using improved Tail-PCR. CmRT1 was 10,067 bp in length and shared high homology in its predicted amino acid sequence and motifs with other Ty3/gypsy-like retrotransposons. The 5’ long terminal repeat (LTR) of CmRT1 contained a TATA box and several cis-elements that were predicted to be important for processes involving abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, and auxins and in stress-mediated responses. Further characterisation of the transposition event that led to the short-catkin phenotype was performed using two pairs of primers that aligned with the flanking region of the LTRs. The expected PCR bands were observed only in genomic DNA from plants that showed the mutation. Finally, cloning and real-time qPCR analysis of an NADP-dependent alkenal double-bond reductase (CmADBR) target gene that was adjacent to CmRT1, revealed that CmADBR expression was significantly down-regulated in the short-catkin mutant. Taken together, these results suggest that the CmRT1 retrotransposon is responsible for the short-catkin phenotype.     

基于熵算法的股票指数高频数据复杂度测算与评价

在日内高频环境下检验基于兼容法的柯尔莫哥洛夫熵、样本熵和模糊熵等复杂度测算方法对我国沪深300股票指数的测算效率,并运用筛选后的有效算法分阶段研究和比较了序列复杂度的变化过程与变化幅度.结果表明,模糊熵算法是一种更适用于我国沪深300股票指数的有效复杂度测算方法,其对相似容忍度的敏感性更低,测度值连续性更好.随时间推移,我国沪深300股票指数复杂度整体呈上升趋势,而相较于发达市场甚至周边新兴市场其复杂度偏低.