Technetium-99m-HDP uptake characteristics in equine fractures: a retrospective study

Bone scintigraphy is a very sensitive diagnostic tool to detect elevated bone metabolism. In cases of fractures and fissure fractures, the radiopharmaceutical uptake in the bone is said to be increased within a few hours after the injury. In this retrospective study, the scintigraphic uptake characteristics at the fracture site of 36 horses with radiographically confirmed fractures or fissure fractures were evaluated. Uptake ratios between the fracture region and adjacent normal bone or soft tissue activity respectively were calculated and compared to different anamnestic and radiographic data. The overall sensitivity of bone scintigraphy was 94.4% (34 positive cases out of 36). In the 36 horses, no correlation between the age of the fracture and the radiopharmaceutical uptake was found. However, there seems to be a lack of sensitivity in early detection of equine pelvic fractures when a standing bone scintigraphy examination protocol is used.     

Disorders of the origin of the suspensory ligament in the horse: a diagnostic challenge

Lameness in horses due to pain originating from the proximal metacarpal/metatarsal region remains a diagnostic challenge. In cases of obvious lameness the pain can be localised to this region by diagnostic anaesthesia. Because a variety of disorders can cause lameness in this region different imaging modalities including radiography, ultrasonography and scintigraphy should be used to arrive at an accurate diagnosis. Even though a precise anatomic-pathologic diagnosis can still be an enigma, because not only bone and joints, but also soft tissue structures including the proximal suspensory ligament, its origin at the proximal metacarpus/ metatarsus, its fascia, the superficial fascia, as well as the intermetacarpal/metatarsal ligaments, the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon and both digital flexor tendons may be involved. Magnet resonance tomography (MRT) shows a high diagnostic sensitivity in imaging soft tissue structures and bone. In horses MRT is still at the beginning. The MRT appearance of the proximal metacarpal/metatarsal region has not yet been evaluated in detail and there are only few anatomic studies of the origin of the suspensory ligament in horses. The first experiences showed, that more gross and histologic examinations are necessary to fully interpret MRT-images and to differentiate pathologic alterations from clinically not relevant variations.     

Quantitative precursor studies on di- and trihydroxybenzene formation during coffee roasting using "in bean" model experiments and stable isotope dilution analysis

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of various raw bean components as precursors of pyrogallol (1), hydroxyhydroquinone (2), catechol (3), 4-ethylcatechol (4), 4-methylcatechol (5), and 3-methylcatechol (6) under quasi "natural" roasting conditions by using the recently developed "in bean" model roast experiments. Freeze-dried, fully extracted bean shells were loaded with aqueous solutions of either single coffee compounds or fractions isolated from the raw bean solubles. After freeze-drying, these reconstituted beans were roasted, aqueous coffee brews were prepared, and the target phenols were quantified by means of a stable isotope dilution assay with LC-MS/MS detection. On the basis of the quantitative data, it can be concluded that upon coffee bean roasting, catechol (3) is primarily formed by degradation of caffeoylquinic acids from both the caffeic acid and the quinic acid moiety of the molecule, as well as from Maillard-type reactions from carbohydrates and amino acids. In contrast, pyrogallol (1) and hydroxyhydroquinone (2) are efficiently generated from carbohydrates and amino acids and, in addition, from free or chlorogenic acid bound quinic acid moieties. 4-Ethylcatechol (4) is exclusively generated upon thermal breakdown of caffeic acid moieties. 3-Methylcatechol (6) is formed primarily from the Maillard reactions and, to a minor extent, also from various phenolic precursors, whereas 4-methylcatechol (5) is produced in trace amounts only from all of the different precursors investigated. On the basis of this precursor study, reaction routes explaining the formation of the target phenols are proposed.     

Metagenomic analysis of coastal RNA virus communities

RNA viruses infect marine organisms from bacteria to whales, but RNA virus communities in the sea remain essentially unknown. Reverse-transcribed whole-genome shotgun sequencing was used to characterize the diversity of uncultivated marine RNA virus assemblages. A diverse assemblage of RNA viruses, including a broad group of marine picorna-like viruses, and distant relatives of viruses infecting arthropods and higher plants were found. Communities were dominated by distinct genotypes with small genome sizes, and we completely assembled the genomes of several hitherto undiscovered viruses. Our results show that the oceans are a reservoir of previously unknown RNA viruses.     

紫茎泽兰叶水提液对蛞蝓的毒杀作用

研究不同质量浓度紫茎泽兰叶水提液对蛞蝓的毒杀作用及毒杀机理。胃毒活性测定结果表明,当紫茎泽兰叶水提液质量浓度≥0.09 g·mL^-1时,其水提液对蛞蝓具有较好的毒杀作用,但作用缓慢,4 d后才能表现出明显的毒杀作用。Na₊,K₊ ATPase酶及乙酰胆碱酯酶活力测定结果表明,紫茎泽兰叶水提液对蛞蝓Na₊,K₊ ATPase酶活力具有明显的抑制作用,对乙酰胆碱酯酶活力也有一定的影响。可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量测定结果表明,紫茎泽兰叶水提液可降低蛞蝓体内可溶性糖质量分数,提高可溶性蛋白质量分数。说明紫茎泽兰叶水提液对蛞蝓具有明显的毒杀作用,其毒杀机理主要为抑制Na₊,K₊ ATPase酶活力。     

The Monitoring Analysis for the Drought in China by Using an Improved MPI Method

MPI (microwave polarization index) method can use different frequencies at vertical polarization to retrieve soil moisture from TMI (tropical microwave imager) data,which is mainly suitable for bare so...     

新疆沙雅非物质文化遗产保护研究

新疆沙雅县的非物质文化遗产类型丰富,沙雅县在非物质文化遗产保护方面,采取了许多措施,取得了丰硕的成果,但仍存在着一些问题;本文力求通过对沙雅县非物质文化遗产的介绍,探讨如何在合理保护的前提下加大对非物质文化遗产的现代化产业开发的力度,进一步促进生态文明建设,为其他地区的非物质文化遗产保护和开发提供一些有益的借鉴.     

海水驯化螺旋藻研究(英文)

[目的]探寻螺旋藻的海水培养方法。[方法]用配制的海水驯化培养液对螺旋藻进行逐级驯化培养,观察螺旋藻的形态学变化并测量其生化指标。[结果]得到了平均长度大于淡水螺旋藻且稳定性良好的藻种,其叶绿素含量基本不变,藻蓝蛋白浓度较淡水培养的螺旋藻增加了62.8%。[结论]该方法可节省资源和成本,为螺旋藻的规模化生产和加工奠定了基础。