杂色鲍的血细胞

通过光镜、电镜技术，比较了正常状态和受到细菌刺激后杂色鲍血细胞的变化。结果显示，正常状态下的杂色鲍血细胞分为三种类型：颗粒细胞、透明细胞和小细胞；杂色鲍血细胞具有很强的免疫功能，对外界刺激敏感；受到细菌刺激后杂色鲍的血细胞在结构和形态上均发生显著的变化。并推测，颗粒细胞的颗粒中含有大量的水解酶类和抗菌肽等免疫因子，发挥主要的免疫作用。     

Effects of dietary highly unsaturated fatty acids and astaxanthin on the fecundity and lipid content of pond-reared Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) broodstock

Five diets that contained fresh squid meat as the basic constituent and were supplemented with different amounts of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) and astaxanthin were fed to pond‐reared Penaeus monodon broodstock. Diet A was sole squid meat. Diets B and C were supplemented with astaxanthin 50 and 100 mg kg^?1 respectively. Diets D and E were supplemented with HUFA 5 and 10 g kg^?1 and astaxanthin 50 mg kg^?1 respectively. The result showed that the group fed diet E had the best reproductive performance in all experimental groups. It had a higher proportion of spawns (71.5%), spawning rate (0.047), a shorter latency period (7.7±0.3 d), higher absolute fecundity (× 10³) (361.6±5.5) and egg production/female (× 10³) (597.0±18.0) than all the other experimental groups. The fatty acid composition in broodstock diets strongly affected the tissue and fecundity of broodstock. Good correlations between the content of 20:4n‐6 in eggs and the fecundity (r²=0.6109) and egg production (r²=0.9876) of broodstock were found. On the other hand, 22:6n‐3 and DHA/EPA ratio was negatively correlated with the fecundity of broodstock (r²=0.5362, 0.8702 respectively). The result also showed that the balance between n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acid families, total polyunsaturated fatty acids and total saturated fatty acid and 20:5n‐3 (EPA) and 22:6n‐3 (DHA) may play vital roles in maturation and reproductive performance of P. monodon broodstock.     

A nonlinear,low data requirement model for producing spatially explicit fishery forecasts

Spatial variability can confound accurate estimates of catch per unit effort (CPUE), especially in highly migratory species. The incorporation of spatial structure into fishery stock assessment models should ultimately improve forecasts of stock biomass. Here, we describe a nonlinear time series model for producing spatially explicit forecasts of CPUE that does not require ancillary environmental or demographic data, or specification of a model functional form. We demonstrate this method using spatially resolved (1° × 1° cells) CPUE time series of North Pacific albacore in the California Current System. The spatial model is highly significant (P < 0.00001) and outperforms two spatial null models. We then create a spatial forecast map for years beyond the range of data. Such approaches can guide spatial management of resources and provide a complement to more data‐intensive, highly parameterized population dynamics and ecosystem models currently in use.     

僧帽牡蛎保鲜过程中游离氨基酸_牛磺酸的变化

探讨了僧帽牡蛎在低温贮藏保鲜过程中鲜度指标及游离氨基酸,牛磺酸等的变化。实验表明：在０－２℃及３－５℃的贮藏中挥发性盐氮呈平缓上升趋势,贮藏１５天分别为１５．２ｍｇ／１００ｇ和２０．６ｍｇ／１００ｇ;而在６－８℃下,贮藏,挥发性盐基氮变化相对较快,１５天后高达２６．８ｍｇ／１００ｇ。在萃取液中,牛磺酸的含量最高,其在贮藏中略有下降,但基本上在３５７ｍｇ／１００ｇ－３８７ｍｇ／１００ｇ范围内波动;游     

不同LED光谱对红鳍东方鲀幼鱼生长、摄食及消化酶活性的影响

为探究不同 LED 光谱对红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)幼鱼摄食、生长发育和生理活性的影响, 选取 525 尾红鳍东方鲀幼鱼养殖在海水循环水养殖系统中, 分别用 5 种不同 LED 光谱(红、黄、蓝、绿、白)照射处理 30 d, 光周期为 12 L : 12 D, 实验期间测定饵料转化效率, 实验结束时测定其存活、生长指标及消化酶活性。结果表明, 不同 LED 光谱对红鳍东方鲀幼鱼的存活、生长和摄食的影响具有显著性差异(P＜0.05)。其中绿光组红鳍东方鲀的存活率最高, 为(65.71±0.00)%; 绿光组红鳍东方鲀幼鱼体重最大, 为(29.36±3.78) g。在饵料转化效率方面, 绿光组幼鱼的饵料转换效率显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05)。在消化酶活性方面, 不同 LED 光谱处理组中红鳍东方鲀幼鱼的消化酶活性均存在显著性差异(P＜0.05), 其中绿光组的酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、己糖激酶、丙酮酸激酶活性均显著高于其他各处理组(P＜0.05); 绿光组肝脂肪酶活性较高, 显著高于蓝光与黄光组(P＜0.05); 绿光组肠脂肪酶活性显著高于红光、白光组(P＜0.05)。综上所述, 绿光对红鳍东方鲀幼鱼的生长发育具有较好的促进作用。     

乌苏里拟Chang人工繁育技术及开发利用——乌苏里拟Chang仔幼鱼食性与生长的初步研究

对乌苏里拟Chang仔幼鱼的食性与生长进行了初步研究,在18-22℃水温下分别以水蚯蚓、鱼肉糜和人工配合饲料投喂进行对比试验,结果发现其仔幼鱼具有较广泛的食性,且不同饲料投喂后各试验组的生长没有呈现出显差异。     

平原河网水中悬浮颗粒物对金鱼藻、水网藻的影响

研究了水体悬浮颗粒物对修复植物的影响规律,结果揭示了悬浮颗粒物对水生植物影响的两面性以及修复植物对颗粒物胁迫产生自由基进行清除的适应机制。在正常情况下,金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum dem ersumL)体超氧化物歧化酶活性维持在256~280 U/g(鲜重),过氧化物酶活性维持在80~90 U/g(鲜重)的水平,保证了细胞膜脂质氧化的分子标志物MDA的代谢水平低于65μmol/g(鲜重)。当金鱼藻受到大于300 mg/L颗粒物的高强度胁迫时,其体内这两种抗氧化酶活性不仅没有维持在很高的水平,反而均呈下降趋势,致使金鱼藻体内的MDA平均值可达79μmol/g(鲜重)以上,形成了对细胞膜相对损伤率达35%以上的氧化损伤结果。在高浊度水体中水网藻(Hydrodictyon reticulatum)内比金鱼藻具有更强的适应性,因此水网藻更合适作为先锋修复植物。     

Expression and functional characterization of glutamine synthetase from giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) under osmotic stress

The freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii naturally lives in the freshwater, though it migrates to the brackish water environment during spawning that claimed to be resistant on a broad range of saline fluxes. However, little is known about the osmoregulatory patterns and the effect of an enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS) in M. rosenbergii under stress. Here, we described the identification and functional characterization of GS from M. rosenbergii (Mr‐GS) at molecular and protein levels. The identified Mr‐GS was comprised of 361 amino acids that phylogenetically shared the highest identity with other crustaceans and predicted to contain Gln‐synt_C and Gln‐synt_N domains at the respective terminal regions. Tissue distribution analysis in M. rosenbergii revealed that the Mr‐GS was highly expressed in muscle, and commonly existed in other examined tissues in the following order gills > heart > stomach > brain > haemolymph. Whereas, the mRNA of Mr‐GS was significantly up‐regulated in the muscle and gill tissues following challenges with either hyper (0 → 13‰), or hypo (13 → 0‰) osmotic stress at 3, 6 and 12 hr. Furthermore, the level of Glutamine concentration was positively correlated with the GS mRNA and protein expression patterns in hyper‐osmotic stress, whereas in hypo‐osmotic stress a slight decrease in the gills and maintained a level in the muscle tissues at 3, 6 and 12 hr post‐treatments. Our findings suggest that Mr‐GS potentially exhibited the osmoregulation responses in the gill and muscle tissues of M. rosenbergii throughout the time of osmotic stress, which will benefit for future study on osmoregulation.     

Effects of fish origin probiotics on growth performance,immune response and intestinal health of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed diets with fish meal partially replaced by soybean meal

This study was conducted to evaluate the application of four fish origin probiotics to relieve the side effects induced by SBM in shrimp. Shrimps were fed with high fish meal diet (C0, positive control containing 500 g/kg FM and 0 g/kg SBM), low fish meal diet (C, control containing 250 g/kg FM and 340 g/kg SBM) or the control diet (C) supplemented, respectively, with 1.0 × 10⁸ CFU/g Bacillus pumilus SE5 (T1), Psychrobacter sp. SE6 (T2), Enterococcus faecium MM4 (T3) or Bacillus claussi DE5 (T4). After 6 weeks of feeding, the growth performance, hepatopancreatic digestive enzymes, intestinal histological structure and immune parameters were determined. The results showed that compared with high FM group (C0), significantly lower WGR and SGR as well as higher FCR were observed in the low FM group (C) (p < .05). Compared with the control, significantly lower FCR was observed in treatment T1 (p < .05), but not in treatments T2–T4. Protease, amylase and lipase activities in all the treatments (T1‐T4) were significantly higher than the control (p < .05). GOT and GPT activities in the control were significantly lower than the C0 (p < .05), while higher MDA level was recorded in the control (p < .05). Meanwhile, higher GPT activities were observed in treatments T1‐T4 compared with the control (p < .05). Compared with the C0, lower SOD, ACP and AKP activities were observed in the control. Significantly improved SOD and AKP activities were observed in all probiotic feeding groups compared with the control (p < .05). The control diet led to significant reduction of intestinal wall thickness and villus height compared with the C0 (p < .05), while significantly higher intestinal wall thickness and villus height were exhibited in all the probiotic groups compared with the control (p < .05), except intestinal wall thickness in treatment T3. Thus, these results demonstrated that the four fish origin probiotic strains could relieve the side effects induced by high level of SBM in shrimp, while probiotic B. pumilus SE5 showed the best performance.     

Supplementation of heat‐inactivated Bacillus clausii DE5 in diets for grouper,Epinephelus coioides,improves feed utilization,intestinal and systemic immune responses and not growth performance

In recent years, more and more attentions have been paid to the development and application of probiotics in aquaculture, and viable probiotics have been extensively studied, while rare information was available about inactivated probiotics in aquaculture. Therefore, in this study, a feeding trial was designed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of heat‐inactivated probiotic Bacillus clausii DE5 on growth performance, immune response and key immune genes expression in head kidney and intestine in grouper Epinephelus coioides. Fish were fed for 60 days with control diet (C) and two experimental diets containing 1.0 × 10⁸ CFU/g live (T1) and heat‐inactivated (T2) B. clausii DE5, respectively. The probiotic treatments did not affect the final weight, weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of E. coioides at days 30 and 60 (p > .05), while both heat‐inactivated and live B. clausii DE5 significantly decreased the feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) at day 60 (p < .05). Serum lysozyme activity and complement C3 level in the two probiotic treatments were significantly higher than those in the control (p < .05). The lysozyme activity and complement C3 level at day 60 were significantly higher than those at day 30 (p < .05), while no significant interaction effect between diet and administration date was observed. Moreover, the heat‐inactivated B. clausii DE5 significantly improved the expression of TLR5, pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐8 and IL‐1β) and TGF‐β1 in head kidney and intestine (p < .05), while the live probiotic did not show any significant effect on the expression of these key immune‐related genes in head kidney and intestine. These results indicate that dietary supplementation of heat‐inactivated B. clausii DE5 effectively improved feed utilization and both the local and systemic immune responses of E. coioides.