南水北调西线一期工程研究

南水北调西线工程是一项非常宏大的水利工程,工程建设对我国经济发展和社会进步具有十分重要意义。概述了南水北调西线一期工程从论证、超前期规划研究到工程实施的发展过程,介绍了调水工程区地质条件、主要活动断裂及其组合特征,分析了可用水量、存在的主要地质问题以及工程建设对环境和社会的影响,并提出了今后研究应注意的几个问题。     

中兽药散剂治疗奶牛临床型乳房炎的研究

奶牛乳房炎严重影响奶业生产。本试验使用中兽药散剂替代抗生素对临床型奶牛乳房炎进行治疗,并对治疗过程中的奶牛乳房炎病程情况、奶牛免疫情况和牛奶品质进行观察,评估中兽药散剂的治疗效果。结果显示：中兽药散剂可有效通乳消痈;可降低牛奶中体细胞数量;可提高粒细胞含量（从2%以下提高到46.3%）;可抑制炎症,降低IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的含量（降低66.3%~71.0%）。得出结论：中药散剂可提高奶牛的免疫功能,治疗乳房炎。     

Screening of Probiotics Inhibiting E. coli K88 in vitro

The probiotics tested in the experiment were isolated from the intestinal of weaning piglets.The isolated probiotics and E.coli K88 were inoculated into the culture of intestinal porcine epithelial cell-1 (IPEC-1).The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the supernatant was measured after incubating for 2.5 h.At the same time, the probiotics and E.coli K88 were co-cultured in vitro, the number of E.coli K88 was counted and the probiotics which could be resistant to the E.coli K88 were selected 2.5 h later.The results showed that the Lactobacillus casei and Bacillus coagulans could significantly reduce LDH activity (P<0.05), decrease the damage of E.coli K88; Bacillus coagulans could inhibit the growth of E.coli K88.At the same time, Bacillus coagulans could resist high temperature, acid and bile salt.The results showed that Bacillus coagulans strains had great potential as the application of probiotics strains.The methods could be used as a model of screen probiotics which could inhibit the growth of E.coli K88 in vitro.     

山药连作对土壤微生物群落及土壤酶活性的影响

以山药连作（0 a,1 a,2 a）和轮作（山药—小麦）土壤为研究对象,探讨耕作模式对山药种植地耕层土壤（0—30 cm）微生物数量和酶活性的影响。结果表明:土壤耕层的有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量随山药连作年限的延长而逐渐降低,而山药—小麦轮作模式则有助于恢复地力。山药连作、轮作的土壤均以细菌所占比例最大,放线菌次之,真菌最少;与对照（0 a）相比,细菌、放线菌数量均随着山药连作年限增加呈递减趋势;但放线菌的降幅明显大于细菌,表现出对连作年限更强的敏感性;真菌数量随连作年限呈先升后降的趋势。山药连作可以明显降低土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶的活性,轮作模式则可以激发该三种酶的活性,其中轮作较连作2 a的处理可以明显提高脲酶和蔗糖酶活性,差异分别达显著水平（p < 0.05）和极显著水平（p < 0.01）。说明山药连作会破坏土壤耕层微生物种群结构,并抑制土壤酶活性,轮作可以在一定程度上改善土壤微生物群落结构及酶活性质量。     

库尔勒市生态城市建设研究

生态城市是现代城市发展的趋势,采用适合库尔勒市生态城市建设的测度指标体系对其城市生态系统进行定量分析,测度指标体系涉及生态经济、生态景观、生态卫生、生态安全、生态意识五个方面。最后得出库尔勒市生态化水平,进而为确定其生态城市建设模式提供科学依据。     

陇县八渡二代油松无性系种子园子代测定苗期试验

对陇县八渡二代油松无性系种子园31个家系2年生子代苗主要生长性状苗高和地径进行测定,通过方差分析、遗传变异分析和多重比较等多种统计方法分析,表明油松优良家系苗在苗高、地径性状上的差异均达极显著水平,苗高和地径均值分别大于对照10.26%和11.53%,遗传增益分别达到了9.68%和9.12%。验证了二代无性系种子园建设的合理性和可靠性。通过对优良家系的初步综合评价,选出了B56、C1、C14、B37、81-69-66、B25、81-77-29、G1和B63等9个苗期生长表现较优的优良家系作为进一步遗传改良材料,选择效果显著。     

放牧强度对荒漠草原无芒隐子草密度及空间分布的影响

植物种群密度及空间分布的研究可以发现植物群落在放牧过程中的生态学现象及规律。为研究荒漠草原无芒隐子草(Cleistogenes songorica)种群在不同放牧强度下的密度差异及空间分布变化,采用随机区组试验设计：对照区(Contral,CK)、轻度(Light grazing,LG)、中度(Moderate grazing,MG)和重度放牧区(Heavy grazing,HG),通过机械取样法收集数据,结合地统计等方法进行分析。结果表明：无芒隐子草密度表现为LG>HG>CK>MG,随放牧强度增大,无芒隐子草的密度先增加,后减少,在重度放牧条件下,密度又增加。无芒隐子草在群落中的绝对密度占比伴随放牧强度增大逐渐增大,占比为HG＞MG＞CK＞LG。无芒隐子草在4个处理区下分型维度D₀数值相近,CK,LG,MG的空间结构比C/(C₀+C)均＞0.75,HG的空间结构比C/(C₀+C)为0.100。放牧条件下,无芒隐子草种群空间分布较为均匀,空间异质性减弱,空间分布主要受结构性因素影响。     

不同体重阶段川藏黑猪和杜长大猪肌肉中氨基酸含量研究

为了研究不同猪种背最长肌中氨基酸沉积规律,试验采用高效液相色谱检测了不同体重梯度（90、110和130 kg）的川藏黑猪和杜长大（DLY）猪背最长肌中氨基酸含量。结果表明,谷氨酸在两猪种肌肉中含量最高,含硫氨基酸总量在90和130 kg体重梯度时表现为川藏黑猪显著高于DLY猪（P〈0.05）,110 kg体重梯度时极显著高于DLY猪（P〈0.01）,而同一猪种不同体重梯度间各种氨基酸组成差异均不显著（P〉0.05）,鲜味氨基酸占总氨基酸比例（FAA/TAA）在90 kg体重梯度表现为川藏黑猪极显著高于DLY猪（P〈0.01）,130 kg体重梯度时显著高于DLY猪（P〈0.05）。本研究说明川藏黑猪肌肉中与风味相关的氨基酸含量高于DLY猪,我们认为这也是川藏黑猪的肌肉风味比DLY猪更浓郁的重要原因之一。我们的研究初步揭示了不同猪种背最长肌中氨基酸的沉积规律及构成差异,为进一步研究猪肉风味形成机理提供数据。     

关于水体总氮分析方法改良的两种办法

总氮是水体中氨氮、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮和有机氮的总和,其主要来源于生活污水和农业面源污染.总氮的超标会使水库易发生赤潮,影响水域的使用功能.因此,总氮的测定对水体非常必要.但是在实际的水库监测中经常发现,氨氮和硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮的监测结果总和大于总氮,我们对此进行了研究,在此基础上提出,关于总氮分析方法改良的两种办法.     

Antitumor activity of Paecilomyces tenuipes polysaccharide and its mechanism in vitro

AIM:To investigate the antitumor activity and mechanism of Paecilomyces tenuipes polysaccharide(PTPS).METHODS:PTPS-I was obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation, and purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography. Human erythroleukemia cell line K562, laryngocarcinoma cell line Hep2 and hepatic carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721were co-cultured with PTPS-I or the conditioned medium which prepared with PTPS-I-stimulated human mononuclear cells (PTPS-I-MNC-CM), and the proliferation of tumor cells was determined. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to determine the proliferation of MNCs. The FQ-RT-PCR was applied to investigate the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA in MNCs. RESULTS:PTPS-I-MNC-CM inhibited the proliferation of K562, Hep2 and SMMC-7721 cells in vitro (P<0.01). Cytotoxicity of PTPS-I against K562, Hep2 and SMMC-7721 cells was not observed (P<0.01). PTPS-I stimulated the proliferation of MNCs (P<0.01) and significantly enhanced the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA in MNCs (P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION:The results suggest that PTPS-I is an immunomodulator and its antitumoral activity is through the immunomodulatory mechanism rather than the direct cytotoxicity against tumor cells.