基于微分几何与EDEM的船型开畦沟装置触土曲面优化

针对长江中下游地区油菜种植时土壤黏重板结、含水率波动大、播种作业需开畦沟避免渍害的农艺要求,考虑开沟犁体的触土曲面复杂、难以通过高速数字化土槽及田间试验方法寻求其减阻设计方法和理论依据的问题,采用微分几何理论并结合EDEM仿真方法,开展了驱动圆盘犁对置组合式耕整机开畦沟装置主要触土曲面结构优化研究。通过对主要触土曲面(开畦沟前犁犁体曲面、船式开沟犁整形曲面)牵引阻力分析和曲面参数分析,确定了触土曲面主要结构参数范围。根据微分几何理论,分别建立了能量化描述不同导曲线类型(直线、抛物线、指数曲线)犁体曲面形状变化差异的微分内蕴几何量E、L、M表达式。阻力特性仿真试验结果表明:在作业速度为0. 9～1. 5 m/s、曲面结构参数一定时,导曲线为抛物线型的开畦沟前犁和船式开沟犁具有较好的减阻特性,其平均牵引阻力相比直线型犁体分别低15. 09%、16. 92%,相比指数线型犁体分别低32. 59%、31. 58%。触土曲面的内蕴几何量E、L、M可分别反映犁体阻力随速度的增长速率、犁体牵引阻力大小、犁体阻力随速度的波动程度。当设计犁体的导曲线形状使曲面内蕴几何量E的变化率较小、L为单调减函数、M的波动较小时,犁体具有较好的减阻性能。参数优化仿真试验表明:在作业速度为1. 2 m/s、抛物线型开畦沟前犁宽度为92 mm、船式开沟犁整形曲面最大元线角为66°时,开畦沟装置牵引阻力最小,为1 042. 52 N。田间试验表明:经参数优化的组合式船型开畦沟装置在作业速度为0. 9、1. 2、1. 5 m/s时测试的平均牵引阻力分别为956. 77、1 101. 33、1 564. 85 N,与仿真试验结果误差在7%以内,作业效果满足油菜播种开畦沟的农艺要求。     

基于分区域特征点聚类的秧苗行中心线提取

为了准确检测水稻秧苗行中心线,提出了基于分区域特征点聚类的秧苗行中心线提取方法。采用2G-R-B特征因子和Otsu法分割秧苗和背景;通过分区域统计秧苗像素点分布提取秧苗行的候选特征点,利用特征点间近邻关系对特征点进行聚类,确定秧苗行数和各秧苗行的起始点;基于秧苗成行栽植特点引入“趋势线”,利用点到该直线的距离与距离阈值作比较,筛选出远离各行趋势线的点,并将其去除;对筛选后的每一行特征点用最小二乘法进行直线拟合,获取秧苗行中心线。实验结果表明,该算法具有较强的抗噪性能,提取秧苗行中心线的准确率达95.6%,与标准Hough变换和随机Hough变换算法相比,处理一幅分辨率为320像素×237像素的彩色图像平均耗时短,能够实现水田秧苗行中心线的准确提取,可为插秧机自主行走提供可靠的导航信息。     

犁旋组合式油菜直播机扣垡装置设计与试验

针对长江中下游稻油轮作区油菜直播作业时,因前茬水稻留茬高、秸秆量大而导致旋耕部件作业耕深浅、秸秆埋覆率低的问题,结合油菜根系生长对直播的农艺要求,提出犁耕与旋耕组合的联合耕整方案,设计一种与油菜直播机配合,通过先抬、后扣的作业方式,实现高茬粘重土壤有序翻埋的扣垡装置,并集成了犁旋组合式油菜直播机。分析阐述了扣垡犁曲面形成原理,确定了其关键影响因素导线、元线角、母线的数学模型,构建了土垡与扣垡犁力学模型,阐明了犁体曲面扣垡过程。为验证扣垡装置功能,在高茬秸秆工况下开展扣垡犁单体试验,试验结果表明,扣垡犁平均扣垡率为93. 41%,具有较好的扣垡埋茬功能。以设计的犁旋组合式油菜直播机与仅有旋耕装置的油菜直播机分别在秸秆留茬高度为338、452 mm工况下进行了田间对比试验,2种工况下,犁旋组合式直播机相对仅有旋耕装置的油菜直播机的耕深分别提高了137、110 mm,秸秆埋覆率分别提高了33. 94、28. 36个百分点,种床耕整效果优于仅有旋耕装置的油菜直播机,作业质量满足油菜播种要求。该研究可为犁旋组合式耕整机和犁体曲面优化设计提供参考。     

油菜覆膜打孔穴播机打孔装置设计与试验

为实现油菜等小粒径作物覆膜种植中膜上均匀打孔的功能,针对传统膜上成穴装置结构庞大复杂、工作时易黏土挑种及撕挑地膜等问题,设计了一种法兰式滚轮与螺纹式圆锥型锥钉组合式结构的打孔装置,确定了其主要结构参数范围;构建了打孔装置运动学模型,分析了打孔锥钉关键点的运动轨迹,确定了膜上打孔过程,并基于轨迹方程分析了膜孔尺寸参数;运用ADAMS运动学仿真,采用四因素三水平正交试验方法,以打孔锥钉顶角、打孔锥钉直径、打孔滚轮半径、机组前进速度为试验因素,以膜孔长度、膜孔间距偏差为试验考核指标,进行了打孔装置结构和运动参数的仿真试验。仿真结果表明:影响膜孔长度的因素主次顺序为打孔滚轮半径、打孔锥钉顶角、打孔锥钉直径、机组前进速度;影响膜孔间距偏差的因素主次顺序为打孔滚轮半径、机组前进速度、打孔锥钉顶角、打孔锥钉直径;基于参数优化,获得较优参数组合为:打孔锥钉顶角53°、打孔锥钉直径16 mm、打孔滚轮半径65 mm、机组前进速度4 km/h。以打孔装置较优结构参数组合进行了田间验证试验,结果表明:打孔装置所打膜孔形状较规则,普遍呈类圆形状,膜孔长度均在18 mm以上,膜孔间距较为均匀,与仿真结果基本一致;各行膜孔长度一致性变异系数为4.98%,各行膜孔间距均匀性变异系数为3.44%。结果表明试验参数组合选取合理,打孔装置符合设计要求。     

Effect of angiontensin-(1-7) on development of monocrotaline induced pulmonary arterial hypertension and vascular remodeling

AIM: To investigate the effect of angiotensin-(1-7) ［Ang-(1-7)］ on the development of monocrotaline (MCT) induced pulmonary arterial hypertension and vascular remodeling.METHODS: 60 Sprgue-Dawely rats were randomly assigned into three groups: control group, PAH group and PAH+Ang-(1-7) group. Rats in PAH group and PAH +Ang-(1-7) group received 60 mg/kg MCT injection subcutaneously and after 24 h received either saline or 24 μg·kg-1·h-1 of Ang-(1-7) injection via osmotic minipumps for 4 weeks. These rats in control group were firstly injected saline subcutaneously and then received saline injection via osmotic minipumps.RESULTS: After 4 weeks, in PAH group, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI), percentage of wall thickness (WT%) and percentage of wall area (WA%) of pulmonary artery were significantly increased and NO concentration, the level of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), eNOS Ser1177-phosphorylation were significantly decreased compared with control group. However, RVSP, RVHI, WT %, WA % were dramatically decreased in PAH +Ang-(1-7) group and NO concentration, the level of eNOS protein, eNOS Ser1177-phosphorylation were significantly increased compared with PAH group.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that Ang-(1-7) could prevent the development of monocrotaline induced pulmonary arterial hypertension and vascular remodeling, which appears to be associated with up-regulation of NO concentration and the level of eNOS protein, eNOS Ser1177-phosphorylation.     

Adiponectin protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells from lipid peroxidation

AIM:To study the effect of adiponectin (APN) on lipid peroxidation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in vitro.METHODS:The effect of H2O2 on apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC labeling.The concentration of malonaldehyde (MDA) in HUVECs was detected by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method.The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured by colorimetric assay.The scavenging rate on superoxide anion radicals in xanthine oxidase system and OH radicals produced by Fenton reaction were also tested.RESULTS:APN significantly inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis.H2O2 increased MDA production and reduced the activities of SOD and CAT, which were inhibited by APN.APN did not alter the activities of SOD and CAT in normal condition.APN dose-dependently decreased the superoxide anion radicals, with the scavenging rate of 11.9%, 21.4%, 36.9%,respectively, and scavenged OH radicals.CONCLUSION:APN inhibits apoptosis and protects endothelial cells against lipid peroxidation insult by scavenging the free radicals.     

西甜瓜嫁接苗病虫害防治技术

介绍了武汉和海南地区西甜瓜嫁接苗上的主要病虫害发生规律和防治技术,为西甜瓜工厂化嫁接育苗提供理论基础和实践依据.     

刺葡萄愈伤组织的诱导和分化培养

以刺葡萄叶片为材料,在1／2MS培养基上附加不同种类及浓度配比的植物激素,研究叶片愈伤组织的诱导及分化培养。实验结果表明：叶片愈伤组织的诱导较容易,最佳诱导培养基配方为以ZT1．0mg／L＋2,4-D2．0mg／L,诱导率可达100％,光培养条件下刺葡萄叶片愈伤组织的诱导率比暗培养的诱导率高。继代培养愈伤组织能诱导出根,但诱导出芽不易,刺葡萄叶片再生植株较难。增殖培养ZT以1．0mg／L＋NAA0．01mg／L为佳,1周增殖率可达1．292％。     

甜橙新品种——桂橙一号的选育

桂橙一号是冰糖橙优良芽变株系,成熟期11月下旬,平均单果质量154.0g,大小较均匀,可食率75.66%,可溶性固形物含量14.6%,全糖12.47%,酸0.38%,风味浓郁,有蜜香,甜脆化渣,树形开张,丰产稳产,商品性好,适应性强,果实耐贮藏。     

农业综合开发支持西部山区发展现代农业的调查与思考

党的十七届三中全会提出,发展现代农业,必须按照高产、优质、高效、生态、安全的要求,加快转变农业发展方式,推进农业科技进步和创新,加强农业物质技术装备,健全农业产业体系．提高土地产出率、资源利用率、劳动生产率,增强农业抗风险能力、国际竞争能力、可持续发展能力。因此,当前和今后一个时期建设现代农业已成为全党和全民的共识,在西部山区县如何构建起适应现代农业发展需要的农业综合开发运作模式．对促进西部山区县的现代农业发展尤为重要。