浅析蜂王浆的激素效应

通过对蜂王浆中性激素含量测定,并与一般动物性食品比较,证明其安全性。流行病学调查结果表明,蜂王浆与乳腺癌没有相关性。日本和中国学者研究发现蜂王浆中的有机酸具有活化雌激素受体,促进雌幼小鼠子宫及卵巢发育,并能增强雄性大鼠的交配功能。提示蜂王浆的性激素样作用,不仅仅是其中痕量性激素的生物活性,而是蜂王浆多种活性成分的综合效应。从现有国内外文献资料、检测报告和研究成果,探讨影响蜂王浆性激素样作用的物质及其生物学效应,蜂王浆与激素替代疗法的区别,以及蜂王浆是否有不适宜人群等方面的问题,为基础研究及推广应用提供参考意见。     

放牧对武功山草甸土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响

以武功山山地草甸为研究对象,通过分析不同放牧强度对土壤微生物生物量碳氮以及酶活性的影响,旨在为退化草甸修复提供理论依据。结果表明:1)不同土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量表现为0-20cm土层20-40cm土层,除20-40cm土层轻牧和中牧的土壤微生物生物量氮无显著差异外(P0.05),随放牧强度增加,土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量均显著降低(P0.05);2)可溶性碳氮含量在0-20和20-40cm土层间无显著差异(P0.05),均表现为在0-20cm土层轻牧显著大于中牧和重牧(P0.05);3)碱解氮和易氧化碳含量表现为在不同土层,轻牧和中牧含量均显著高于重牧(P0.05);4)土壤β-葡萄糖甘酶、β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖甘酶和脲酶活性表现为在不同土层下,轻度和中牧均显著高于重牧(P0.05);5)相关性分析表明,不同放牧强度土壤β-葡萄糖甘酶、β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖甘酶和脲酶活性与微生物生物量碳氮均呈显著性正相关(P0.05)或极显著正相关(P0.01)。     

日粮赖氨酸、蛋氨酸水平对不同性别肉鸡生长性能的影响

本试验研究日粮赖氨酸或蛋氨酸水平对不同性别肉鸡生长性能的影响以及与血清总蛋白和尿酸含量之间的关系。试验１日粮采用３个赖氨酸水平（１．２％，１．３％和１．３５％）。试验２日粮采用３个蛋氨酸水平（０．２５％，０．４５％和０．５５％）。结果表明，公鸡比母鸡生长速度快（１４％～１６％），饲料报酬高。公鸡随着日龄的增长，对日粮赖氨酸的需求降低，从１．３５％降至１．２％。采食较低水平的赖氨酸（１．２％），母鸡就可达到较快的生长速度。母鸡比公鸡较早地可以降低其日粮中的蛋氨酸水平。本试验的结论是，公母肉鸡对日粮赖氨酸或蛋氨酸的需求与利用具有不同的特点。母鸡对日粮中赖氨酸或蛋氨酸的需求比公鸡低，利用效率比公鸡高。母鸡的生长速度与其血清中尿酸水平呈显著的负相关。母鸡的生长速度越快，其血清中的尿酸水平越低。     

一起销售劣兽药案的查处与思考

云南省德宏州动物卫生监督所通过抽检发现,辖区内某兽药经营服务部涉嫌销售劣兽药。经该县农业局立案调查,认定当事人违法事实清楚,证据充分,根据《兽药管理条例》规定,依法给予了行政处罚。本文重点介绍了案件来源、调查过程、处理情况等执法内容。分析了案件定性、执法主体适格、自由裁量权应用、保护当事人合法权益等问题,以期为同类案件查处提供参考。     

Using genetic tools to inform conservation of fragmented populations of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) across their range in China

A herd of 15 Chinese elephants attracted international attention during their 2021 northward trek, motivating the government to propose establishment of an Asian elephant national park. However, planning is hampered by a lack of genetic information on the remaining populations in China. We collected DNA from 497 dung samples from all 5 populations encompassing the entire range of elephants in China and used mitochondrial and microsatellite markers to investigate their genetic and demographic structure. We identified 237 unique genotypes (153 females, 84 males), representing 81% of the known population. However, the effective population size was small (28, range 25–32). Historic demographic contraction appeared to account for low haplotype diversity (H_d = 0.235), but moderate nucleotide and nuclear diversity (π = 0.6%, H_e = 0.55) was attributable to post-bottleneck recovery involving recent population expansion plus historical gene exchange with elephants in Myanmar, Lao PDR, and Vietnam. The 5 populations fell into 3 clusters, with Nangunhe elephants differing consistently from the other 4 populations (F_ST = 0.23); elephants from Mengyang, Simao, and Jiangcheng belonged to a single population (henceforth, MSJ), and differed from the Shangyong population (F_ST = 0.11). Interpopulation genetic variation reflected isolation by distance and female-biased dispersal. Chinese elephants should be managed as 2 distinct units: Nangunhe and another combining Shangyong and MSJ; their long-term viability will require restoring gene flow between Shangyong and MSJ, and between elephants in China and neighboring countries. Our results have the potential to inform conservation planning for an iconic megafaunal species.     

Clinical characteristics and mode of inheritance of familial focal seizures in Standard Poodles

OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical characteristics and mode of inheritance of seizures in a family of Standard Poodles. DESIGN: Case series. ANIMALS: 90 Standard Poodles descended from the same maternal bloodline (30 with probable idiopathic epilepsy [PIE] and 60 without any history of seizures). PROCEDURES: Researchers contacted owners to determine whether dogs had ever had any seizures and, if so, the nature of any such seizures and any potential underlying causes. Dogs were considered to have PIE if they were between 6 months and 7.5 years old at the time of seizure onset and had no evidence of any underlying cause. To determine the mode of inheritance, segregation analyses were designed to allow the family to be analyzed as a whole, as opposed to as nuclear families. Competing models of inheritance were compared statistically for their ability to explain the data. RESULTS: Of the dogs with PIE, 28 (93%) had focal onset seizures with or without secondary generalization. Median age of onset was 3.7 years; 6 dogs were > 5 years old at the onset of seizures. Segregation analyses strongly suggested that PIE was inherited as a simple recessive autosomal trait with complete or almost complete penetrance. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that in this family of Standard Poodles, PIE was inherited as a simple recessive autosomal trait with complete or almost complete penetrance. Seizures often had focal, as opposed to generalized, onsets, and it was not uncommon for seizures to begin after 5 years of age.     

硝唑尼特治疗犬贾第虫病的研究

选择试验犬8只,将其随机分为4个小组,每组2只.连续6 d对8只试验犬分剐进行粪检,确定无贾第虫感染后,用体外纯培养的犬贾第虫滋养体接种试验犬,然后每天采集试验犬新鲜粪便40 g,用硫酸锌漂浮法进行粪检,当检测犬贾第虫感染呈阳性时,分别用1、2、4 mg/kg体质量剂量的硝唑尼特时1、2、3组试验犬进行灌服治疗,第4组试验犬不用药作为对照.用药后,每天以同样的方法检测贾第虫包囊,并计数.结果表明,以2、4 mg/kg体质量给药的试验犬1 d后粪检结果转为阴性,以1 mg/kg体质量给药的试验犬4 d后粪检结果转为阴性.结果表明以2、4 mg/kg体质量剂量的硝唑尼特对犬贾第虫痛有很好的疗效.     

动物繁殖激素产品现存的问题和创新

近年来,为了提高母猪的繁殖效率,满足养猪业养殖高度集约化的生产要求,行业内开始大力推广批次化生产繁殖技术。目前国内都是采用提取类生殖激素孕马血清(PMSG)和孕妇尿液中的人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG),以及化学激素烯丙孕素进行繁殖调控。但是这些提取类产品仍存在一些缺陷,因此开发出活性好、纯度高、成本低的高品质蛋白类繁殖激素产品,进而应用于猪场批次化生产中,是提高我国乃至全球畜牧业发展效率的关键所在。     

不同性别乌蒙凤鸡血液生化指标测定分析

为更好地保护和利用乌蒙凤鸡遗传资源,对原种场保种群200日龄乌蒙凤鸡的21项血液生化指标进行测定和雌雄差异显著性检验。结果:雌雄乌蒙凤鸡的白球比、谷丙转氨酶、转氨酶比、乳酸脱氢酶有显著差异(P<0.05);其他生化指标无显著差异(P>0.05)。血液生化指标可作为乌蒙凤鸡生产保护和疾病防治等方面的参考依据。     

Characterization of a new gene (SLC10) with a spliced leader from Taenia solium

An unknown gene, SLC10, was cloned by spliced leader-based polymerase chain reaction from Taenia solium. The full length of SLC10 was found to be 635 bp, encoding an 18.223 kDa protein. ELISA results showed that none of 70 normal and 75 cysticercosis sera samples reacted with purified recombinant SLC10 protein. Using an immunohistochemical method, it was revealed that the native SLC10 protein distributed extensively in inner cyst walls but not in the scolex in Cysticercus cellulosae. Together with predicted results, it is suggested that the SLC10 protein is a non-secretory structural protein, which is not involved in induction of the host's immune reactions against infection at least at the larval stage.