盐碱胁迫下绒毛白蜡种子的萌发特性

将中性盐NaC l,Na2SO4和2种碱性盐NaHCO3,Na2CO3按不同比例混合,模拟出20种盐度、碱度各不相同的复杂盐碱逆境条件,进行绒毛白蜡种子发芽试验。测定其发芽率等6项指标,结果表明:在混合盐碱的胁迫作用下,绒毛白蜡种子的发芽受到明显的抑制,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数等指标呈下降趋势,并随盐碱度递增,下降趋势变大,高盐高碱的共同作用结果远远大于单纯的高盐或高碱,SOD的活性总体上有不同程度的增加,CAT在不同处理组间均呈现上升的趋势,在50,100mmol/L的组内呈上升趋势,但在200,300mmol/L组内则是先升后降。可见盐胁迫与碱胁迫是2种完全不同的胁迫,应将碱性盐胁迫称为碱胁迫,而通常所说的盐胁迫应仅指中性盐胁迫,而且两者具有明显的协同作用。     

Epidemiological study of pasture-associated laminitis and concurrent risk factors in the South of England

A retrospective study of laminitis was carried out to identify risk factors associated with this disease on an East Anglian farm with approximately 1000 animals living in an area of 1000 acres. Medical records between January 1997 and May 2000 and between April 2005 and March 2008 were reviewed, and the age, sex, weight (kg), height (inches [in] and hands [H]) and weight-to-height ratio (kg/in) was recorded. The prevalence, incidence and seasonality of laminitis were determined and their relationship to the monthly temperature, rainfall and hours of sunshine was evaluated. Averaged over the six years, the highest prevalence (2.6 per cent) and incidence (16 cases/1000 animals) of laminitis occurred in May. The findings of a multivariate analysis revealed that females (P=0.007, odds ratio [OR] 1.46, 95 per cent confidence interval [CI] 1.1053 to 1.9646) and light animals (P ≤ 0.001, OR=0.995, 95 per cent CI =0.9932 to 0.9963) had the greatest risk of developing laminitis. A positive association was found between hours of sunshine and incidence (P=0.007, relative risk [RR] 1.009, 95 per cent CI 1.001 to 1.012) and prevalence (P=0.002, RR 1.008, 95 per cent CI 1.003 to 1.012) of laminitis. The data suggest that there is a relationship between season, sex of the animal and the development of laminitis.     

Field detection of resistance to isometamidium chloride and diminazene aceturate in Trypanosoma vivax from the region of the Boucle du Mouhoun in Burkina Faso

A longitudinal study assessed the chemoresistance to isometamidium chloride (ISM) and diminazene aceturate (DA) in the region of the Boucle du Mouhoun in Burkina Faso. A preliminary cross-sectional survey allowed the identification of the 10 villages with the highest parasitological prevalences (from 2.1% to 16.1%). In each of these 10 villages, two herds of approximately 50 bovines were selected, one being treated with ISM (1mg/kg b.w.) and the other remaining untreated as control group. All animals (treated and untreated herds) becoming infected were treated with DA (3.5mg/kg b.w.). In total, 978 head of cattle were followed up. Fortnightly controls of the parasitaemia and PCV were carried out during 8 weeks. The main trypanosome species was Trypanosoma vivax (83.6%) followed by Trypanosoma congolense (16.4%). In two villages, less than 25% of the control untreated cattle became positive indicating no need to use prophylactic treatment. These two villages were not further studied. Resistance to ISM was observed in 5 of the remaining 8 villages (Débé, Bendougou, Kangotenga, Mou and Laro) where the relative risk (control/treated hazard ratios) of becoming infected was lower than 2 i.e. between 0.89 (95% CI: 0.43-2.74) and 1.75 (95% CI: 0.57-5.37). In contrast, this study did not show evidence of resistance to DA in the surveyed villages with only 8.6% (n=93) of the cattle relapsing after treatment. Our results suggest that because of the low prevalence of multiple resistances in the area a meticulous use of the sanative pair system would constitute the best option to delay as much as possible the spread of chemoresistance till complete eradication of the disease by vector control operations.     

多价伊氏锥虫灭活疫苗制备及免疫保护试验

用湖北株、广西株和江苏株伊氏锥虫经体外培养增殖，再等量混合，制备多价伊氏锥虫灭活苗。疫苗免疫接种小鼠后，再分别用强毒湖北株、广西株和江苏株伊氏锥虫攻击，结果3组小鼠均获12／12保护。免疫保护鼠于免疫后105d时，再作第二次攻虫，结果湖北、广西和江苏组分别获得1／5，3／5，4／5保护，对照组小鼠均100％发病死亡。结果表明多价伊氏锥虫灭活苗对多种虫株均产生了良好免疫保护作用，免疫期达3个月，从而为大面积推广伊氏锥虫病苗提供了有效途径。     

应用PCR诊断隐孢子虫病

应用聚合酶链反应（ Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ）建立了一种诊断人及牛等哺乳动物隐孢子虫病的方法。试验采用甘油漂浮 Ｇ３ 耐酸漏斗过滤法纯化隐孢子虫卵囊,以液氮冻融法制备模板 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ,根据隐孢子虫 １８ Ｓｒ Ｒ Ｎ Ａ 序列设计 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 引物建立其诊断方法。该方法特异性强,可检出鼠隐孢子虫（ Ｃｒｙｐｔｏｓｐ ｏｒｉｄｉｕｍ ｍ ｕｒｉｓ）和小球隐孢子虫（ Ｃ．ｐａｒｖｕｍ ）卵囊;敏感性高,每克粪便可检出 ４００ 个卵囊。初步应用结果表明,所建立的 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 方法适合于人、牛等哺乳动物隐孢子虫病的临床诊断和流行病学调查。     

茶树病虫害识别防治信息查询系统的开发

本文应用VB6.0开发茶树病虫害识别防治信息查询系统,该查询系统界面友好、使用方便、共收入茶树病虫害77种.其中病害24种,叶部病害11种,枝部病害8种,根部病害5种;虫害53种,食叶性害虫24种,刺吸式害虫18种,钻蛀性害虫7种,地下害虫4种.该系统通过安装向导创建安装程序后即可使用,适合基层农技推广人员、茶农及科研人员作信息查询使用.     

西安地区鸵鸟养殖现状调查

简述了国内外鸵鸟养殖概况 ,通过对西安地区 5个公司的鸵鸟养殖场中的饲养管理、繁育、疾病防治及产品开发等的调查和分析 ,提出了西安地区在鸵鸟养殖方面存在的问题及我国鸵鸟养殖业的发展对策     

Nutritional interventions to prevent and rear low‐birthweight piglets

Selection for hyperprolific sows, as a means of increasing litter size and profit, has resulted in an increased number of low‐birthweight (LBW) piglets. These LBW piglets might suffer from increased morbidity and mortality during the early neonatal period. In addition, they show reduced growth performance, meat and carcass quality, which leads to an important economic loss for the farmer in the post‐natal period. Therefore, nutritional interventions can be undertaken to prevent and rear LBW piglets. In the first part of this review, the preventive strategies at the sow level will be discussed. Approaches in preventing LBW piglets are to optimize the intrauterine environment via supplementing the sow during gestation. In the second part of this review, the interventions at the piglet level will be described. To increase the survival and growth rates of LBW piglets, one must focus on ensuring adequate colostrum and milk intake. Interventions include supplementing piglets, split nursing, split weaning and cross‐fostering. Additional interventions increasing the probability of optimal post‐natal food intake will be discussed.     

猪红细胞CD58分子协同NDⅣ疫苗免疫的佐剂效应

用从木瓜酶修饰的猪红细胞提取的 CD5 8分子 ,协同 ND 疫苗免疫 8日龄雏鸡 (分为试验 A组、对照 B组 ) ;用从正常猪红细胞提取的 CD5 8分子 ,协同 ND 疫苗免疫 18日龄雏鸡 (分为试验 C组、对照 D组 ) ,以β-微量法测定ND抗体效价 ,以 α-醋酸萘酯酶染色法检测鸡外周血 T细胞的变化 ,并分别用 NDV F4 8E9强毒株在免疫后 2 4 d攻击 A组和 B组鸡、39d攻击 C组和 D组鸡。结果表明 ,免疫前 ,8日龄雏鸡的 ND抗体效价为 2 5.8,18日龄雏鸡的 ND抗体均为阴性 ;免疫后 ,与对照 D组比较 ,试验 C组的 ND抗体提前 4 d达到 2 4 .8,并且试验 C组 ND抗体效价显著高于对照 D组 ( P<0 .0 1) ,保护期延长 ;试验 A组雏鸡体内 ND抗体变化和对照 B组相似 ,但试验 A组雏鸡外周血 T细胞数量显著高于对照 B组 ( P<0 .0 1或 P<0 .0 5 )。攻毒试验结果显示 ,试验 A组鸡死亡率为 33% ,对照 B组鸡死亡率为6 3% ;试验 C组鸡死亡率为 17% ,对照 D组鸡死亡率为 5 3%。本研究结果表明 ,猪红细胞 CD5 8分子具有较好的疫苗佐剂效应