Einfluss selektiver mechanischer Fruchtbehangsregulierung auf Ethylensynthese als Stressindikator sowie Ertrag und Fruchtqualität bei Kernobst

The overall objective of this work was to improve fruit quality, break alternate bearing and reduce hand thinning using fewer chemicals in fruit crops. A device was constructed for mechanical thinning, which consisted of three independent horizontal rotors with ropes and freely adjustable angles on a frame, mounted on a front three point hitch and powered by the tractor hydraulics. This can be adapted to any fruit tree trained as spindle, Solaxe, (tall) vertical axis or fruit wall (le mur fruitier) irrespective of rootstock employed. Rotor speed varied from 300 to 460?rpm at either 5 or 7.5?km/h tractor speed. Eight-year-old or twelve-old apple trees cvs. ‘Gala’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ were mechanically thinned in 2007 between pink bud and full bloom (flower bud stages 6–8 or F1–F2) near Bonn, Germany; non-thinned and hand-thinned apple trees of the same block and variety served as control. Mechanically thinned flowering branches showed a similar amount of ethylene efflux (0.4–0.6?ppm C₂H₄/branch) as non-thinned flower branches, preventing potentially unexpected subsequent fruit drop, except for those removed by the rotors. The impact of the horizontal rotors on the branches was from the upper side and removed excessive flowers right to the tree trunk viz. the centre of the tree canopy, where fruits of lesser quality are expected leaving 2–3 flowers per cluster. Leaf damage was less than??10%, even at the fast rotor speed of 420?rpm, which was associated with negligible wood injury. Mechanical thinning induced firmer and sweeter fruit, i.e. tastier apples with longer shelf life, relative to control fruit from non-thinned apple trees. The greatest efficacy in terms of final fruit quality in the grading/sorting was achieved by a rotor speed of 360?rpm at a tractor speed of 5?km/h: Fruit mass increased by up to 20?g and the proportion of fruit larger than 70–75?mm by 10–30% compared with the fruit from non-thinned trees. Mechanical thinning with this newly constructed device led to a 10–20% reduction in yield, but increased returns due to better fruit size and colouration in apple with the potential to overcome alternate bearing.     

大白菜根肿病主要生理小种种群分化鉴定初报

采用Williams法的4个鉴别寄主（Jersey Queen、Badger Shipper、Laurentian 、Wilhelmsburger）,对采自国内15个大白菜根肿病主要发病区域的病原菌进行了生理小种种群的鉴定。结果表明：辽宁沈阳新民大民屯、辽宁沈阳西窑、辽宁大连水师营、辽宁丹东振安,山东青岛农业科学院、山东苍山小林村,云南江川,四川郫县,吉林乌拉街东窑村、吉林乌拉街旧街村、吉林梨树镇11个地区的根肿病菌为4号生理小种;辽宁本溪桓仁的根肿病菌为2号生理小种;四川彭州地区的根肿病菌为7号生理小种;四川西昌地区的根肿病菌为10号生理小种;辽宁沈阳农业大学根肿病菌为11号生理小种。     

攀杂丝瓜1号新品种选育

攀杂丝瓜1号是以从重庆九龙坡丝瓜中选育的S8-6自交系为母本,以选自上海香丝瓜的自交系S4-3为父本,培育的早熟、丰产杂一代新品种,该品种植株生长势、分枝性强,坐果率高,果实长圆柱形,匀称,皮色深绿,表皮皱,瓜纵径26.5cm,横径5.5cm,单瓜质量285.8g,商品性好,味清甜,品质优,667m2产量2918.5kg。     

制动器耗散功率原理在ABS标定匹配中的应用

为解决ABS逻辑门限值方法匹配成本高、周期长的问题,将制动器耗散功率原理应用于匹配中.结合逻辑门限值与制动器耗散功率的各自优点,将制动器耗散功率原理能自适应识别各种路面状况的特点应用于匹配中;根据制动器耗散功率极大值对应的滑移率略小于临界滑移率且相差不大的原理,采用制动器耗散功率极大值对应的滑移率代替峰值附着系数对应的滑移率对ABS进行控制;滑移率与制动器耗散功率曲线获得较为简单,因此可以大大提高匹配效率.经过实车匹配验证,本方法提高了匹配效率和控制质量,节约了匹配成本.     

我国玉米收获机械化发展现状及展望

玉米收获机械化成为制约玉米生产全程机械化的瓶颈.在介绍国外玉米收获机械化发展现状的基础上,分析我国玉米收获机械的研究进展.研究表明:我国现有不同玉米联合收获机各有其优缺点,其中,悬挂式玉米联合收获机是我国特有机型,结构简单、操作方便、价格低廉,但作业效率不高、操控性能不佳;牵引式玉米联合收获机是我国最早研发的机型,技术较为成熟,但不适合小地块作业;自走式玉米联合收获机具有籽粒损失小、剥皮效果好、动力匹配合理、机动灵活等优点,适应性和可靠性较好,但结构复杂、造价较高.针对我国玉米种植地块小、行距不统一、品种繁多等特点,提出今后我国玉米收获机的研究方向,包括:采取主动喂人方式,解决行距不统一问题;改进摘穗台结构,降低动力消耗;采用先进的秸秆粉碎装置,完成低功耗秸秆还田处理;改进摘穗机构,降低籽粒破碎率;采用新型材料,利用先进制造技术和机电一体化技术,提高产品性能.     

Application of the rpoS gene for the detection of Vibrio anguillarum in flounder and prawn by polymerase chain reaction

Vibrio anguillarum , an opportunistic fish pathogen, is the main species responsible for vibriosis, a disease that affects feral and farmed fish and shellfish, and causes considerable economic losses in marine aquaculture. In this study, we used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect V. anguillarum . PCR specificity was evaluated by amplifying the rpoS gene, a general stress regulator, in six strains of V. anguillarum and 36 other bacterial species. PCR amplified a species-specific fragment (689 bp) from V. anguillarum . Furthermore, the PCR assay was sensitive enough to detect rpoS expression from 3 pg of genomic DNA , or from six colony-forming units (CFU) mL⁻¹ of cultured V. anguillarum . However, the assay was less sensitive when genomic DNA from the infected flounder and prawn was used (limit of detection, 50 ng and 10 ng g⁻¹ tissue, respectively). These data demonstrate that PCR amplification of the rpoS gene is a sensitive and species-specific method to detect V. anguillarum in practical situations.     

大麦高蛋白种质遗传稳定性分析

鉴定和筛选高蛋白大麦种质资源为育种者利用 ,提高饲用和食用大麦的营养品质是国内外大麦育种关注的热点。作者对“八五”、“九五”期间初鉴的 170余份蛋白质含量高的品种进行多点种植鉴定 ,从中选出 4 0份进行 2年多点重复鉴定和遗传稳定性分析 ,选出一批比Hiproly遗传稳定、性状比较优异的高蛋白种质。     

优质油菜中油杂8号施用氮磷硼肥的产量和品质效应

双低油菜新品种中油杂8号施用氮磷硼肥的田间试验结果显示,苗期、抽薹期、成熟期的干物重都有增加,以抽薹期至成熟期的干物重增加最为显著,表明施用氮磷硼肥的作用主要是促进油菜后期的生长发育,显著增加分枝数、角果数和单株粒重;以氮磷和氮磷硼处理增加幅度最大.不同施肥处理均显著增加籽粒产量,增产幅度为12.1%～30.5%,增产效果顺序为:N＞P＞B,以配合施用的增产效果最佳,NP、NB、NPB处理分别增产30.5%、29.3%、28.5%.增施B可提高菜籽油分含量,而N、P及NP配合施用则可提高蛋白质含量,降低油分含量.增施B还可提高油酸、亚油酸含量,降低芥酸和硫甙含量.同时对中油杂8号施肥增产和提高品质成分的原因进行了分析讨论,提出了增施硼肥和氮磷硼配合施用是保证中油杂8号高产高油优质特性充分发挥的技术关键.     

海南开展农药环境风险评估的必要性及优势

综述了海南省开展农药风险评估的必要性及优势,必要性包括：海岛本身的脆弱性;海南岛土壤类型复杂;农药对海南环境污染严重;农药对海南水产品、养蜂业影响严重。优势：海南丰富的野生动物资源。     

香蕉ACC合成酶含3＇末端的cDNA克隆

采用3'RACE方法对香蕉(Musa AAA Cavendish Subgroup)ACC合成酶含3'末端的cDNA进行扩增,扩增产物被克隆到pCR*2.1载体上,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,筛选到重组质粒(pACS2),并对插入片段进行序列测定。结果表明,3'RACE产物长1 680 bp,其中一个开放读框内的核苷酸序列编码444个氨基酸,氨基酸序列包括了ACC合成酶中所应具有的7个高度保守区。同时该产物还有长269 bp的3'末端,并具有完整的Poly(A)尾(24mer)。