洮藏黑山羊种质资源调查

对洮藏黑山羊的基本情况、品种来源与数量、品种特性、饲养管理等进行系统摸底调查,提出对品种的评价和展望,为洮藏黑山羊申报国家畜禽遗传资源奠定基础。     

The new (challenging) role of academia in biomaterial translational research and medical device development

With the ever-changing landscape of translational research, the medical device and pharmaceutical industries increasingly license technologies with the added value of clinical and/or pre-clinical data rather than those in earlier stages of development. Universities have the potential to fill the gap in product development from academic laboratories through enhanced student training and increased implementation of some development and manufacturing activities that are traditionally found only in the private sector. A development roadmap is described from initial product feasibility through commercialization in the context of efficient development practices. The specific challenges in the design and development of biomaterial-based medical devices are described in the context of this development path with an emphasis on unique challenges for academic laboratories.     

Bonding changes in compressed superhard graphite

Compressed under ambient temperature, graphite undergoes a transition at approximately 17 gigapascals. The near K-edge spectroscopy of carbon using synchrotron x-ray inelastic scattering reveals that half of the pi-bonds between graphite layers convert to sigma-bonds, whereas the other half remain as pi-bonds in the high-pressure form. The x-ray diffraction pattern of the high-pressure form is consistent with a distorted graphite structure in which bridging carbon atoms between graphite layers pair and form sigma-bonds, whereas the nonbridging carbon atoms remain unpaired with pi-bonds. The high-pressure form is superhard, capable of indenting cubic-diamond single crystals.     

Biodegradation Kinetics and Effects of Operating Parameters on the Performance of a Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether Degrading Biofilter

The goals of the study were to determine the effectiveness of a laboratory-scale biofilter on the removal of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and investigate the operating parameter effects on biofilter performance. The experimental results show that average MTBE removals of 53.6–93.2% were observed at loads of 2.5–20.1 gm^?3 h^?1 and an empty-bed residence time of three minutes, after continuous operation for four months throughout the biofilter acclimation period. After a one-day recovery period operation, the biofilter system recovered from the introduction of a shock load. More than 99% removal efficiencies were achieved for the inlet MTBE concentration at 50 ppmv and with the highest residence time. MTBE removals at the bottom section of the biofilter were consistently lower than for the top section, which was attributed to insufficient microorganism growth in the bottom section. The parameters estimated by using the Michaelis-Menten equation were 1.116 ± 0.51 ppmv s^?1 for the maximum removal rate (V _m ), and 26.38 ± 17.21 ppmv for the half-saturation constant (Ks), evaluated at the biofilter exit.     

Export of Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen in a Partially Cultivated Subtropical Mountainous Watershed in Taiwan

A spatial and temporal investigation of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN; NO₃, NO₂ and NH₄) was conducted under various water discharge conditions in Lanyang-Hsi, a subtropical mountainous stream, which drains through distinct degrees of agriculture-influenced sub-watersheds. In both the cultivated and non-cultivated sub-watersheds, NO₃ was the most abundant species accounting for >80% of total DIN, while NH₄ and NO₂ accounted for <15% and=" 5%=" of=" din,=" respectively.=" agricultural=" activities=" along=" the=" riverbank=" led=" to=" significantly=" higher=">₃ concentrations (13–246 M) and DIN yields (1300–3800 kg N km^–2 yr^–1) in main channel when compared to those of non-cultivated tributaries (9–38 M for NO₃ and 550–740 kg N km^–2 yr^–1 for yield). The much lower and less variable DIN yields observed in tributary stations (mean = 660 ± 120 kg N km^–2 yr^–1) are considered as the present day background of DIN yield, which is significantly higher than those of most natural watersheds in other regions. Elevated atmospheric DIN deposition is likely the cause for the high background DIN yield. Human activity within the watershed results in additional DIN yield, which accounted for 49% of total N export. However, the reported atmospheric DIN input in northern Taiwan (1800 kg N km^–2 yr^–1) is much higher than the background DIN yield implying that a major fraction (70%) of atmospheric inputs are retained or processed within the watershed. A dilution pattern occurred in the main channel where high NO₃ concentrations from the upstream sources decreased significantly in downstream direction due to inputs of NO₃-diluted water from non-cultivated areas. We adopted a two-source mixing model to predict the NO₃ dilution pattern. This model revealed a third yet not recognized N source in the lower part of watershed. Model results also indicated the importance of water discharge rate in regulating the relative contribution to total DIN export among these sources.     

县级尺度“三生”用地动态变化及其空间集聚特征

[目的]深入探索土地"三生"(生态、生活、生产)功能格局特征,为土地利用总体规划提供指标控制的科学依据。[方法]利用内蒙古和林格尔县1996,2006,2015年3期遥感数据,采用动态度、空间变化分析模型、空间变化率指数对研究区"三生"用地数量变化、空间变化及其变化集聚特征进行分析。[结果](1)研究期间生态用地减少数量突出,后期逐渐减缓;生产生活用地增加幅度明显,年均变化率达5.9%,动态度达12.06%;从整个空间变化率分析,生产生态用地两期变化均强烈,生产生活用地呈增强趋势,生态用地变化逐渐减弱。(2)研究区"三生"用地空间变化前期集聚在黄土丘陵区和山区,后期集聚在平原地貌类型区。[结论]经过20a规划管控,研究区"三生"用地逐步形成北部平原区以生产生态用地和生产生活用地为主的生产生活空间,中部、南部黄土丘陵区和山区以生态用地和生态生产用地为主的生态空间,且生产生活用地功能区扩张和生产生态功能区减少的矛盾得到一定程度遏制。     

Effect of Excess Nickel on Starch Mobilization in Germinating Rice Grains

The effect of excess nickel (as NiSO₄) on starch mobilization of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains or dehulled rice grains during germination was investigated. Excess NiSO₄ had no effect on starch content and α-amylase activity in endosperm of germinating rice grains or germinating dehulled rice grains. Evidence is provided to show that the hull is a barrier against influx of Ni²⁺ to endosperm; endosperm per se is less effective in Ni²⁺ uptake; and α-amylase extracted from the endosperm of germinating rice grains is highly resistant to excess Ni²⁺.     

油茶扦插繁殖技术研究

对影响油茶扦插生根的基质组成、激素种类、激素浓度与处理时间等因素进行研究,主要比较生根率、平均侧根数、平均根长等性状,以期找到油茶扦插繁殖的最佳条件。试验结果表明：4种基质中,以 80%红壤土+20%细沙更适宜作扦插基质,生根率、平均侧根数、平均根长分别为71.7%、2.4条、2.5 cm;4种激素（IAA、IBA、NAA、生根粉溶液）中,采用生根粉溶液处理,插穗生根率较高,为56.7%,平均侧根数与平均根长分别为5.2条、3.2 cm;慢浸处理中,插穗采用25 mg/L生根粉溶液浸泡2 h,生根率最高,为73.3%,平均侧根数与平均根长分别为4.6条、1.8 cm;速蘸处理中,插穗采用300 mg/L生根粉溶液速蘸10 s,生根率最高,为81.7%,平均侧根数与平均根长分别为5.0条、1.3 cm;且最佳速蘸处理生根率比最佳慢浸处理更高。因此进行油茶秋季扦插繁殖时,插穗宜采用300 mg/L生根粉溶液速蘸10 s后,扦插于80%红壤土+20%细沙基质上。     

鸡旦果花叶病病原病毒的鉴定

根据病毒粒体形态、血清学反应、寄主范围、鉴别寄主反应及物理性质,广州地区鸡旦果花叶病病原病毒被鉴定为CMV的一个分离物。此CMV分离物可由汁液摩擦、桃蚜、棉蚜传染鸡旦果及西番莲(龙珠果)幼苗。首次发现花生是人工接种的枯斑寄主。     

院校合并后图书馆馆藏资源管理及优化配置问题的探讨

新成立的铜陵学院因由三校合并而成，其图书馆馆藏资源存在着分布分散、馆藏结构和体系不统一等一系列问题。加强院校合并后馆藏资源管理，优化馆藏资源配置，是新学院建设与发展中迫切需要解决的问题。