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141.
The objective of the present study was to clarify the characteristics of weed vegetation in no-tillage upland fields in Japan. Vegetation surveys were conducted in two stages and the obtained data were analyzed based on the multiplied dominance ratio. The first was a two-year survey of a no-tillage field and a tilled field where no-tillage or tillage farming had been carried out for more than 10 years. The no-tillage field surveyed exhibited a different seasonal succession from the tilled field. Summer annuals dominated the tilled field in summer, and winter annuals dominated in spring. Perennials occupied the no-tillage field in spring; summer annuals also dominated in summer. The second survey was of 19 and 22 fields, including some no-tillage fields, in the summer of 2000 and the spring of 2001. The vegetation in both summer and spring was classified into three vegetation types, principally dependent on the no-tillage periods: types I and II consisted mainly of tilled and under 3-year-old no-tillage fields, and type III comprised no-tillage fields three years old or over. Type II vegetation was characterized primarily by the presence of biennials and perennials of Asteraceae, and type III by perennials, such as sweet vernalgrass ( Anthoxanthum odoratum ), in addition to the same species as type II. Summer annuals such as southern crabgrass ( Digitaria ciliaris ) were abundant in many fields in summer regardless of the vegetation types. 相似文献
142.
The smothering effect of four legume covers, Canavalia ensiformis , Lablab purpureus, Mucuna pruriens and Calopogonium caeruleum , on Pennisetum polystachion ssp. setosum , a troublesome weed in rubber plantations in southern Thailand, was evaluated. Growing legume covers with Pennisetum , M. pruriens , C. ensiformis and L. purpureus caused strong suppression of Pennisetum in this order. Pennisetum grew little under 10% relative light intensity (RLI), but almost normally under 40% RLI. The three legume species generally attained lower RLI than C. caeruleum . The high shading ability of these three species was thought to contribute to the suppression of Pennisetum growth. 相似文献
143.
Norio KONDO Yuki KOBAYASHI Futoshi SAKUMA Shohei FUJITA Kippei MURATA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(4):284-291
The distribution of two races (1 and 2) of Phialophora gregata f. sp. adzukicola, the causal agent of brown stem rot of adzuki bean, was examined using a total of 483 isolates obtained from 39 fields in
19 locations on Hokkaido, Japan between 1997 and 1999. Race 1 was predominant (416 isolates or 86.1%) in the commercial fields
tested. Race 2 was found in 25 fields (64.1%), including two fields of cultivar Kita-no-otome (resistant to race 1, but susceptible
to race 2), indicating that race 2 was widely distributed in most of the production areas in Hokkaido. Using amplified fragment
length polymorphisms (AFLP), a total of 67 polymorphic AFLP markers was recorded among 72 representative isolates (37 and
35 isolates of races 1 and 2, respectively), and 57 distinct haplotypes were detected. Cluster analysis revealed no close
correlation between races and AFLP groups. Thus, no difference was observed between values of gene diversity in each race
(0.253 and 0.284 in races 1 and 2, respectively), and the coefficient of gene differentiation was very low (G
ST
=0.015). Gene differentiation between both races by analysis of molecular variance was not significantly different from zero
(Φ=−0.001; p=0.403). However, the results of gene differentiation among regional populations (G
ST
=0.290, Φ=0.292; p<0.001) are not necessarily consistent with the result that isolates from the same district were generally not tightly clustered.
Received 15 April 2002/ Accepted in revised form 6 September 2002 相似文献
144.
MELANIE PERRIER DVM YAN LU MD BRETT NEMKE MS HIROHITO KOBAYASHI MS ANNA PETERSON MARK MARKEL DVM PhD Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2008,37(7):648-655
Objective— To compare the efficacy of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2)/calcium phosphate (CP) to autogenous cancellous bone graft (CBG) and to no treatment on bone healing, in surgically induced osteotomies and ostectomies of the accessory metatarsal bones in an equine model. Study Design— Experimental. Animals— Adult horses (n=9). Methods— Segmental ostectomies of the second metatarsal bone (MT2) and osteotomies of the fourth metatarsal bone (MT4) were performed bilaterally in 9 horses. There were a total of 35 defects (1 MT4 was previously fractured) created and supplemented randomly either with no treatment (untreated control), rhBMP‐2/CP cement, or matrix (CPC or CPM), or CBG. Radiography was performed every 2 weeks until study endpoint at 12 weeks. After euthanasia, bone healing was evaluated using radiography, mechanical testing, and histology. Data were analyzed with ANOVA followed by the Duncan's Multiple Range Test or nonparametric analyses. Results— At 12 weeks, radiographic scores for union were significantly greater for the rhBMP‐2 (P<.0001) and CBG (P=.004) groups compared with the untreated control group, for both MT2 ostectomies and MT4 osteotomies. The rhBMP‐2 treated MT2 had greater maximum torque to failure in torsion than CBG and control limbs at 12 weeks (P=.011). Histologic analysis demonstrated increased bone formation and more mature bone at the ostectomy site for MT2 in the rhBMP‐2 and CBG groups compared with the untreated control group. Conclusion— Injection of rhBMP‐2/CP into surgically induced ostectomies and osteotomies of the accessory metatarsal bones might accelerate early bone healing in the horse. Clinical Relevance— RhBMP‐2/CP may be as effective if not superior to CBG as an adjuvant treatment to accelerate healing of bone defects. 相似文献
145.
Takeo SAKAI Ayako ISHII Takao SEGAWA Yukihiko TAKAGI Yuki KOBAYASHI Takuya ITOU 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(4):461-465
The Flinders Technology Associates filter paper cards (FTA® cards) can be used
to store nucleic acid from various samples and are easily portable. However, RNA is
physicochemically unstable compared with DNA, and appropriate methods have not been
established for storage and extraction of RNA from FTA® cards. The present
study investigated the optimum conditions for storage and elution of viral RNA (vRNA)
using rabies virus (RABV) applied to FTA® cards. When TE buffer was used, the
elution rates of vRNA increased with the length of the elution time. When the cards were
stored at −80°C or −20°C, vRNA was stable over 3 months. Degradation of vRNAs occurred
following storage at 4°C and room temperature, suggesting that RNA should be extracted
from cards as soon as possible if no freezer is available. When we tried to amplify vRNA
from RABV-infected animal brains applied to FTA® cards and stored at −80°C for
6 months, we did not detect any amplified products with the primer set for 964 bp of RABV
N gene. However, we were able to detect amplified products by increasing the elution time
of vRNA from FTA® cards from 30 min to 24 hr or by changing the primer sets to
amplify 290 bp of N gene. Thus, we recommend extending the elution time for damaged or low
concentration samples in FTA® cards. 相似文献
146.
Kanata IBI Tomoaki MURAKAMI Wael Mohamed GODA Naoki KOBAYASHI Naotaka ISHIGURO Tokuma YANAI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(10):1241-1245
Avian amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is commonly observed in adult birds with chronic
inflammation, such as that caused by bacterial infection. We previously described
vaccine-associated AA amyloidosis in juvenile chickens. In this study, the prevalence of
amyloid deposition was measured in mature healthy chickens that survived a previous
outbreak of avian AA amyloidosis while they were juveniles. Herein, we analyzed the
amyloid deposition in mature chickens and compared the prevalence of amyloid deposition
with juvenile chickens obtained in our previous study (Murakami et al.,
2013). We found that: 1) amyloid deposition in the liver was absent in mature chickens,
while juvenile chickens had a rate of 24%; 2) amyloid deposition in the spleen was
observed in 36% of juvenile chickens and in 40% of mature chickens; 3) amyloid deposition
in the pectoral muscle of mature chickens (43.75%) was approximately half that of juvenile
chickens (88%). These results suggest that additional amyloid deposition in chickens
previously exposed to AA amyloidosis may not worsen with age. Further, amyloid deposition
in chickens may tend to regress when causative factors, such as vaccinations and/or
chronic inflammation, are absent. 相似文献
147.
Shuhei HIDAKA Mitsutoshi KOBAYASHI Kunihide ANDO Yoshikazu FUJII 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(7):829-835
Lomefloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic used for the treatment of
bacterial extraocular disease. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of
lomefloxacin eye drops for bacterial extraocular disease in horses. Lomefloxacin
ophthalmic solution (0.3%) was instilled three times daily for 2–5 days in 65 horses
diagnosed with bacterial extraocular disease based on clinical findings. Clinical
observations and bacteriological examinations were performed at the start of treatment, 2
and 5 days after the start of treatment, and at the discontinuation or termination of
treatment. Of the 65 horses, 64 were positive for bacteria, and 22 bacterial genera and 47
bacterial species were identified. The efficacy of lomefloxacin was evaluated in 63
horses; one horse with a negative culture and another with suspected bacterial
contamination were excluded. Lomefloxacin was considered to be clinically effective in 54
horses. The major bacterial species identified were Staphylococcus
aureus, Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus,
Acinetobacter lwoffii, Staphylococcus xylosus,
Staphylococcus vitulinus, Enterobacter agglomerans,
Flavimonas oryzihabitans and Staphylococcus sciuri,
with a cumulative disappearance rate of 80% or more at the termination of instillation.
Excluding one horse that did not undergo a bacteriological examination, the remaining 62
horses were assessed for bacteriological outcome. Full or partial bacterial clearance was
detected in 95% or more of the 62 horses. One of the 65 horses reported adverse events
that had no causal relation with the eye drops. Our results showed that lomefloxacin is
safe and effective for the treatment of bacterial extraocular disease in horses. 相似文献
148.
Go SUGAHARA Ichiro NAITO Yuichi MIYAGAWA Takaaki KOMIYAMA Naoyuki TAKEMURA Ryosuke KOBAYASHI Takayuki MINESHIGE Junichi KAMIIE Kinji SHIROTA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(9):1175-1178
The renal biopsy tissue from a 9-month-old, male Pyrenean Mountain dog with
renal disorder and severe proteinuria was examined. Ultrastructural examination revealed
multilaminar splitting and fragmentation of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and
diffuse podocyte foot process effacement. Immunofluorescent staining for α(IV) chains
revealed presence of α5(IV) and complete absence of α3(IV) and α4(IV) chains in the GBM.
Immunohistochemistry also revealed decreased and altered expression of nephrin and podocin
in the glomeruli compared with normal canine glomeruli. These results suggested that the
glomerular disease of the present case might be consistent with canine hereditary
nephropathy resembling human Alport syndrome caused by genetic defect of type IV collagen,
and indicated possible contribution of podocyte injury to severe proteinuria in this
case. 相似文献
149.
Yasuyuki KANEKO Shidow TORISU Takumi KOBAYASHI Shinya MIZUTANI Nao TSUZUKI Hiroko SONODA Masahiro IKEDA Kiyokazu NAGANOBU 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1633-1638
Arterial blood gas analysis is an important diagnostic and monitoring tool for
respiratory abnormalities. In human medicine, lung complications often occur as a result
of liver disease. Although pulmonary complications of liver disease have not been reported
in dogs, we have frequently encountered hypoxemia in dogs with liver disorders, especially
extrahepatic biliary obstruction. In addition, respiratory disorders account for 20% of
perioperative fatalities in dogs. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the respiratory
status in dogs with hepatobiliary disease by arterial blood gas analysis. PaO2
and PaCO2 were measured. Alveolar-arterial oxygen difference
(AaDO2), the indicator of gas exchange efficiency, was calculated. Compared to
healthy dogs (control group), hepatobiliary disease dogs had significantly lower
PaO2 and higher AaDO2. Hypoxemia (PaO2 of ≤80 mmHg) was
observed in 28/71 dogs with hepatobiliary disease. AaDO2 was higher (≥30 mmHg)
than the control group range (11.6 to 26.4 mmHg) in 32/71 hepatobiliary disease dogs. By
classifying type of hepatobiliary disease, dogs with extrahepatic biliary obstruction and
chronic hepatitis showed significantly lower PaO2 and higher AaDO2
than in a control group. Dogs with chronic hepatitis also had significantly lower
PaCO2. The present study shows that dogs with hepatobiliary disease have
respiratory abnormalities more than healthy dogs. Preanesthetic or routine arterial blood
gas analysis is likely beneficial to detect the respiratory abnormalities in dogs with
hepatobiliary disease, especially extrahepatic biliary obstruction and chronic
hepatitis. 相似文献
150.
Tatsuya HORI Tetsuya ATAGO Masanori KOBAYASHI Eiichi KAWAKAMI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(5):625-630
Canine epididymal sperm was collected from the cauda epididymis using 2
different methods (flushing and mincing) to compare the qualities (the percentage of
progressively motile, viable, morphologically abnormal, immature and intact acrosomes)
before and after freezing and thawing. No significant difference was noted in the quality
of the cauda epididymal sperm immediately after collection and after freezing-thawing
between the collection methods, although the mean levels of sperm quality with the
flushing method were slightly better than that of the mincing method. The flushing method
is simple and free of blood contamination, although the vas deferens was too small to be
perfused in only 1 dog, and our results suggest that the flushing method is preferable to
the mincing method for collecting sperm from the canine cauda epididymis. 相似文献