高梁11A与3种苏丹草杂交新品系的AFLP分析

利用AFLP分子标记技术,对4个高丹草新品系11A-黑壳苏丹草、11A-白壳苏丹草、11A-棕壳苏丹草、11A-黑壳苏丹章晚熟型与对照品种蒙农青饲1号、蒙农青饲2号、蒙农3号及乐食高丹草的遗传差异性进行比较分析.结果表明:用筛选出的24对适宜引物共扩增出3986个AFLP位点,其中多态性位点3546个,多态性位点比率高达88.96%;各供试材料的遗传距离(GD)变动在0.6905～0.8089之间,以GD值0.74为基准,8个材料聚为3类,第一类为蒙农青饲1号、蒙农青饲2号、蒙农3号、11A-黑壳苏丹草、11A-白壳苏丹草、11A-黑壳苏丹草晚熟型;第二类为乐食;第三类为11A-棕壳苏丹草.     

无线电追踪技术在地下啮齿动物研究中的应用

营地下生活的啮齿动物被誉为陆地生态系统的工程师,但其长期栖居于地下的生活习性难以被人们直接观察,给动物行为学和生态生物学等研究带来了挑战。随着科学技术的发展,无线电技术的小型化和轻量化为地下啮齿动物研究提供了可行性。国外学者已成功将无线电追踪技术应用于对地下啮齿动物洞道系统、活动节律、巢域面积变化以及社群制度等的研究。但国内将其应用于地下啮齿动物研究的较少。本文根据目前国内外研究现状,对无线追踪技术的研究内容和研究方法进行综述,以期为我国地下啮齿类研究提供参考。     

饲料不安全因素对人类健康及生态环境的影响

饲料的安全性不仅影响动物健康和生产性能．而且通过动物及动物产品影响人类健康及食物链上其它成员的安全,甚至影响环境的生态平衡（冯定远,2005）。饲料中抗营养因子的存在：药物添加剂、高铜添加剂和有机砷制剂等生长促进剂的长期使用和滥用：盐酸克伦特罗和其它违禁激素类药物的非法使用：饲料微生物、农药及工业三废污染等,都是饲料的不安全因素。这些不安全因素不仅影响畜产品安全及人类健康,同时,畜禽排泄物及废弃饲料中重金属、药物和病原微生物等有毒有害物质成为严重污染生态环境的污染源,土壤、空气、水源等人类赖以生存的环境被污染。全面分析饲料不安全因素对人类健康及生态环境的影响．可以提高人们对饲料及畜产品的安全意识,确保畜产品安全问题的源头——饲料的安全．     

草本化栽培杂交桑在种茧育上的应用研究

本试验以杂交桑“沙2×伦109”为材料,以普通桑园的湖桑32号片叶育为对照,就草本化栽培杂交桑在种茧育上应用的可行性进行了探讨。结果表明,在配合施用叶面肥0.2％PGH-X的情况下,供试杂交桑在原蚕生长发育、茧质及制种成绩方面与对照区相近或持平,说明原蚕饲养采用草本化栽培杂交桑及条桑二回育形式具有可行性。使用叶面肥0.15％PGH-D可使原蚕5龄期经过延长,对家蚕生长发育表现一定调控作用。     

宁夏首起牛结节性皮肤病疫情流行病学调查

2020年10月,宁夏盐池县、利通区、平罗县发生输入性牛结节性皮肤病疫情。为查明疫情发生原因,分析疫情扩散风险,宁夏回族自治区农业农村厅畜牧兽医局组织成立督导组进行流行病学调查。通过现场调查、座谈及实验室检测,综合发病、溯源和追踪情况以及实验室检测结果,分析认为此次疫情是由调入纯种荷斯坦育成奶牛引起的。因及时采取了封锁疫点、控制移动、扑杀、无害化处理、清洗消毒、杀灭蚊蝇、免疫等综合处置措施,疫情扩散风险较低。此次疫情警示,要强化牛只及其产品的调运监管,加强疫情排查监测,及时发现和处置疫情。     

LPS-TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling mediates alcohol-induced liver fibrosis in rats

Liver fibrosis results from liver inflammation and progresses to liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. It is known that nonalcoholic liver disease is mediated by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2)–tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate whether alcoholic liver disease is also mediated by this pathway. To this end, we first established rat models of liver fibrosis by administering alcohol. Next, the rats were injected with anti-TLR4 and anti-MD-2 antibodies. Real Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the activation of the TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Moreover, the expression of molecules related to liver fibrosis was estimated. The morphology of rat liver tissue was observed through hematoxylin–eosin staining and Masson staining. For in vitro studies, Kupffer cells (KCs) isolated from the liver were transfected with si-TLR4 and si-MD-2 and co-cultured with HSCs to determine the activity of HSCs. It was found that alcohol treatment activated the TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway and upregulated the molecules associated with liver fibrosis. However, inhibition of TLR4 and MD-2 partially reversed this trend. Notably, in vitro studies indicated that knockdown of TLR4 and MD-2 in KCs partially inhibited LPS-induced activation of KCs and HSCs. Overall, this study showed that alcohol induces liver fibrosis via the LPS-TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway.     

官方兽医涉嫌犯动植物检疫徇私舞弊罪的解析

官方兽医是维护兽医卫生正常秩序的"保卫者",关系到动物疫病防控效果、养殖业健康发展和公共卫生安全。但近期频繁出现官方兽医的违法案例,其中涉嫌犯动植物检疫徇私舞弊罪的案例占了很大比例。本文通过对动植物检疫徇私舞弊罪的概念和构成要件进行分析,解析了官方兽医涉嫌犯动植物检疫徇私舞弊罪的若干方面内容。     

色质联用（GC／MS）研究天祝微孔草草籽油中的脂肪酸

采用色谱－质谱二联仪研究天祝微孔草草籽油的化学成分。共分离鉴定出１１种化合物，占油样总量的９９．９２％，主要是亚油酸，油酸，α－亚麻酸，顺－１１－二十碳烯酸，软脂酸，γ－亚麻酸，硬脂酸。饱和脂肪酸４种，不饱和脂肪酸７种，含量分别占总量的１３．５４％和８６．４６％。γ－亚麻酸含量为６．３７％，种子含油４３．５％。     

Sulfadiazine pharmacokinetics in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) receiving oral and intravenous administrations

This study aimed to examine the bioavailability (BA) and pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of sulfadiazine (SDZ) in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) after oral and intravenous administrations. Blood samples were collected at predetermined time points of 0.083, 0.17, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr (n = 6). The samples were extracted and purified by organic reagents and determined by the ultra‐performance liquid chromatography. The software named 3P97 was used to calculate relevant PK parameters. The results demonstrated that the concentration–time profile of SDZ was best described by a one‐compartmental open model with first‐order absorption after a single oral dose. The main PK parameters of the absorption rate constant (K_α), the absorption half‐life (t_{1/2 Kα}), the elimination rate constant (K_e), the elimination half‐life (t_1/2Ke), and the area under concentration–time profile (AUC_0‐∞) were 0.3 1/h, 2.29 hr, 0.039 1/h, 17.64 hr, and 855.78 mg.h/L, respectively. Following intravenous administration, the concentration–time curve fitted to a two‐compartmental open model without absorption. The primary PK parameters of the distribution rate constant (α), the elimination rate constant (β), the distribution half‐life (t_1/2α), the elimination half‐life (t_1/2β), the apparent distribution volume (V_SS), the total clearance (CL), and AUC_0‐∞ were 9.62 1/hr, 0.039 1/hr, 0.072 hr, 17.71 hr, 0.33 L/kg, 0.013 L h^?1 kg^?1, and 386.23 mg.h/L, respectively. Finally, the BA was calculated to be 22.16%. Overall, this study will provide some fundamental information on PK properties in the development of a new formulation SDZ in the future and is partially beneficial for the appropriate usage of SDZ in aquaculture.     

水稻瘤矮病—广东湛江新发生的一种水稻病毒病

 广东新发生的水稻瘤矮病于1981~1982年在广东湛江地区的信宜、高州和化州县发生流行。室内用叶蝉接种2叶龄的稻苗,在10~11月广州温室温度约为土9~23℃下,潜育期为13~28天,主要症状为病苗矮缩,叶片浓绿色,叶背及叶鞘上长有若干个淡黄绿色近圆形小瘤(0.1~1.2毫米直径)。病毒粒子球状,直径约60毫微米。昆虫介体为电光叶蝉(Recilia dorsalis Motsch.)和黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettix cinticeps Uhler.)。褐稻虱(Nilaparvata lugens Stal.)和白背飞虱(Sagatella furcifera Horvath.)不能传病。二点黑尾叶蝉(N.virescence Distant.)和大斑黑尾叶蝉(N.apicalis Motsch)还有待进一步研究决定。电光叶蝉的最短获毒饲育期少于24小时。潜育期在平均室温22~23℃下为13~24天。保毒虫能终生传毒。根据上述实验结果,初步认为本病与泰国和马来西亚报道的水稻瘤矮病相同。