复合有机铁对母猪繁殖性能和仔猪生长性能的影响

通过在怀孕后期和哺乳期母猪日粮中添加不同水平的硫酸亚铁和复合有机铁,以及肌注铁与否来考察复合有机铁对母猪繁殖性能和仔猪生长性能的影响。结果表明,与无机铁相比,母猪饲粮中添加复合有机铁可提高母猪产活仔率和断奶仔猪存活率,提高仔猪10日龄、21日龄体重;综合铁源、铁水平以及肌注补铁的效应,添加120 mg/kg复合有机铁,同时仔猪均辅以肌注补铁,可显著提高仔猪肌注7日龄和断奶时体重(P<0.05)。     

基于无人机数字图像与高光谱数据融合的小麦全蚀病等级的快速分类技术

小麦全蚀病是检疫性的土传病害,对小麦生产危害极大,对其发生的监测是治理的根本。遥感技术可实时、宏观地监测病害发生发展,尤其是将光谱信息与高分辨率数字图像进行融合,可直观、精准地对病害识别和分类。本文基于计算机视觉技术,通过光谱数据与高分辨率数字图像结合的方法,对小麦全蚀病等级进行快速分类。首先,通过ASD非成像光谱仪获取小麦全蚀病的光谱信息,提取全蚀病特征光谱,建立光谱比。其次,利用无人机获取的实时田间数码图像,对其颜色特征进行重量化。最后,利用基于支持向量机的决策树分类对图像视场中的不同全蚀病等级进行分类。结果表明,4个全蚀病等级的分类精度均大于86%(Kappa0.81),平均运算时间小于30s。通过与实地调查的小麦全蚀病的白穗率等级做比对,验证分类结果的准确性,结果表明该方法基本可以实现对小麦全蚀病等级的实时监测。     

影响饲料制粒的因素及其控制方法分析

影响制粒的因素很多,有制粒机自身性能、待制粒原料理化性质、生产操作和工艺条件等。本文从饲料组分、物料理化性质、配方组成、压模和压辊等几个方面作了简要阐述,为提高饲料制粒效率,保证制粒质量提供参考。     

Potential gene flow from transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) to different weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) accessions based on reproductive compatibility

BACKGROUND: The possibility of gene flow from transgenic crops to wild relatives may be affected by reproductive capacity between them. The potential gene flow from two transgenic rice lines containing the bar gene to five accessions of weedy rice (WR1–WR5) was determined through examination of reproductive compatibility under controlled pollination. RESULTS: The pollen grain germination of two transgenic rice lines on the stigma of all weedy rice, rice pollen tube growth down the style and entry into the weedy rice ovary were similar to self‐pollination in weedy rice. However, delayed double fertilisation and embryo abortion in crosses between WR2 and Y0003 were observed. Seed sets between transgenic rice lines and weedy rice varied from 8 to 76%. Although repeated pollination increased seed set significantly, the rank of the seed set between the weedy rice accessions and rice lines was not changed. The germination rates of F₁ hybrids were similar or greater compared with respective females. All F₁ plants expressed glufosinate resistance in the presence of glufosinate selection pressure. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of gene flow between different weedy rice accessions and transgenic herbicide‐resistant rice may differ owing to different reproductive compatibility. This result suggests that, when wild relatives are selected as experimental materials for assessing the gene flow of transgenic rice, it is necessary to address the compatibility between transgenic rice and wild relatives. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Molecular cloning and expression of kidney‐type glutaminase from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and its up‐regulation by glutamine in primary culture enterocyte

Glutaminase (GLS) is the key enzyme of glutamine (Gln) metabolism and utilization. In this study, a cDNA encoding GLS protein was identified from common carp Cyprinus carpio intestine. The open reading frame of GLS cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 595 amino acids, which shows a high similarity with its zebrafish Danio rerio counterpart. Bioinformatic analysis showed the protein belongs to kidney‐type GLS. The putative protein has glutaminase domain and ankyrin repeats domain, which are highly conserved among vertebrate orthologues. Real‐time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the abundance of GLS mRNA was the highest in the white muscle, followed by the brain, eyeball and pituitary. Glutaminase was ubiquitously expressed in all intestinal segments of common carp. The activity of GLS did not distribute uniformly along the entire length of the intestine. In primary culture enterocyte, and the expression of GLS mRNA is up‐regulated quickly and effectively by Gln.     

4株酸奶噬菌体的分离

从上海光明乳业股份有限公司车间发酵罐中分离出4株酸奶噬菌体。1号噬菌体头部呈六角形，平均直径为95.1nm，头部剖面平均面积为8184．8nm^2，尾部的平均直径为18．3nm，平均长度为403．4nm；2号噬菌体头部呈六角形，平均直径为85．4nm，头部剖面平均面积为8046．2nm^2，尾部的平均直径为23．3nm，平均长度为549．4nm；3号噬菌体头部呈六角形，平均直径为95．5nm，头部剖面平均面积为9792．3nm^2，尾部的平均直径为19．8nm，平均长度为450．5nm；4号噬菌体头部呈六角形，平均直径为119．3nm．头部剖面平均面积为12586．1nm^2，尾部的平均直径为23．6nm，平均长度为520．5nm。     

用H-Y抗血清对大鼠胚胎进行性别鉴定的研究

利用高度近交系大鼠的新生仔睾丸作抗原对处女大鼠进行免疫,制得 H-Y 抗血清.将同系大鼠的桑椹胚置于含有抗血清的培养液中体外培养5～6小时.结果表明其中部分胚胎能继续发育至囊胚(46.7%);另一部分胚胎停滞发育(53.3%),但解除抗体后重新恢复发育能力(34%).经胚胎移植后证明,前者约有79%发育为雌鼠,而后者约86%发育为雄鼠.由此可见,H-Y 抗血清对雄性胚胎具有特异性的抑制作用.用同样方法免疫远交系大鼠,所得抗血清不能对雄性胚胎产生抑制作用.     

茎弯曲处理对番木瓜开花结果的影响

对“苏罗”和“台农2号”番木瓜2个品种植株进行茎弯曲处理,研究其对番木瓜开花结果的影响。结果表明,茎弯曲处理对“苏罗”和“台农2号”番木瓜都具有降低最低结果高度、增加长圆形果实和长圆形两性花数量的显著效应;当茎弯曲长度在20.00-35.00cm时,随着茎弯曲长度的增加,其对降低番木瓜最低结果高度、增加长圆形果实和长圆形两性花数量的效应愈强;茎弯曲处理对营养繁殖的“苏罗”和种子繁殖的“台农2号”番木瓜开花结果的影响趋势一致。     

Immunomodulatory effect of γ‐irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides on immunosuppressed broilers

In this study, we irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) using 25 kGy ⁶⁰Co γ ray to obtain γ‐irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides (IAPS) and then investigated the effects of IAPS on growth performance and immune function of cyclophosphamide (CPM)‐treated broilers. The physicochemical properties of APS and IAPS (molecular weight, water solubility, viscosity, morphological and structural properties) were evaluated. Then, 384 one‐day‐old Arbor Acres broiler chicks with similar initial weight were randomly assigned into 6 groups: the non‐treated group (control), and CPM‐treated groups were fed either a basal diet or the diets containing 900 mg/kg APS, or 900, 600, 300 mg/kg IAPS, respectively. On days 16, 18, and 20, all broilers except for the control group were intramuscularly injected with 0.5 ml CPM (40 mg/kg·BW). Broilers in the control group were intramuscularly injected with 0.5 ml sterilized saline (0.75%, wt/vol). This trial lasted for 21 days. The physicochemical treatment showed that γ irradiation could decrease the molecular weight and viscosity, and increase the water solubility of APS (p < 0.05), whereas the structural properties of APS was not affected. In the animal trial, 900 mg/kg APS or 900, 600 mg/kg IAPS relieved the decreased growth performance, thymus index, T lymphocytes proliferation, serum IgG concentration, NOS activity and the increased blood heterophil:lymphocyte ratio in CPM‐treated broilers (p < 0.05). CPM‐induced decreases in B lymphocytes proliferation and serum IgM concentration were only increased by IAPS at 900 mg/kg (p < 0.05). Overall, both APS and IAPS alleviated CPM‐induced immunosuppression. Especially, IAPS possessed better immunomodulatory effect than APS, indicating that γ irradiation could be used as an effective method to enhance the immunomodulatory activity of APS.     

不同防治对策对柑桔糠片蚧种群的影响

1984—1987年在湖南桔园进行了综防对策、化防对策和自控(不采取任何人为的防治措施)等处理对柑桔主要害虫——糠片蚧种群影响的比较研究。综防区采用综合措施,刷洗主干,释放部分天敌,剪去蚧虫为害严重的枝条,冬季和夏季分别施用一次松脂合剂和矿油乳剂;化防区按常规每年喷药5—6次;结果表明:综防区全年虫口密度与化防区相近,两者均显著低于自控区;综防区糠片蚧蚜小蜂等寄生性天敌未受到明显的损害,捕食性蓟马、钝绥螨等捕食性天敌明显多于自控区;其它非生物致死因子对幼蚧的作用大于化防区,果实出口率自1986年起亦较化防区显著上升。自控区糠片蚧未得到控制,果实出口率较化防区降低13.3%—29.8%。化防区各种天敌的作用均显著下降,农药残留亦高。除自控区和化防区柑桔全爪螨为害较重外,其它害虫在各区的为害均处于较低的水平。文章还评价了在三种处理区致死因子对糠片蚧种群趋势指数的作用。