荸荠的贮藏保鲜研究

研究了杀菌剂、保鲜液、包装条件、贮藏条件对荸荠保鲜的影响,结果表明,经过杀菌和保鲜处理后进行贮藏,荸荠保鲜贮藏的最佳条件为真空包装、贮藏温度0～4 ℃,贮藏期可达两个月.     

Effects of graded levels of dietary myo‐inositol on non‐specific immune and specific immune parameters in juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of myo‐inositol (MI) on non‐specific immune and specific immune defence in fish. A total of 1050 Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) (22.28±0.07 g) were randomly distributed into seven groups, of three replicates each, of feeding diets containing graded levels of MI (163.5, 232.7, 384.2, 535.8, 687.3, 838.8 and 990.3 mg MI kg^?1 diet). After a 60‐day growth trial, an infectious trial was conducted by injection of Aeromonas hydrophila for 17 days. Results showed that the red blood cell (RBC) and the white blood cell count were significantly increased with increasing MI levels up to 535.8 mg kg^?1 diet (P<0.05). The spleen index showed a tendency similar to RBC, whereas the head kidney index showed the inverse pattern (P<0.05). The phagocytic activity of leucocytes, haemagglutination titre, lysozyme activity, anti‐A. hydrophila antibody titre and immunoglobulin M, after being injected with A. hydrophila, were all improved with an increase in the MI levels up to 232.7–687.3 mg kg^?1 diet respectively (P<0.05). Myo‐inositol did not influence serum acid phosphatase activity and total iron‐binding capacity (P>0.05). These results suggested that MI could enhance non‐specific immune and specific immune responses in fish.     

氮磷浓度对筒柱藻生长及理化成分的影响

本文探索了不同氮磷浓度对筒柱藻生长及其理化成分的影响.结果表明:筒柱藻生长的适宜氮浓度和磷浓度分别为440 μM、9.08 μM,而在氮浓度为880μM或磷浓度为72.64 μM时,叶绿素含量、胞内蛋白、胞内多糖及胞外多糖的含量达到最大值.     

Effect of different ions on larval metamorphosis of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

Metamorphic responses of pediveliger larvae of Mytilus galloprovincialis to different ions were investigated through a series of bioassays. Effects of tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) on inductive effects of these above ions were also investigated. Excess ions including Li⁺, Cs⁺, Rb⁺ and Ca²⁺ induced larval metamorphosis at 10^?3 M to 5 × 10^?2 M in 24‐h exposure assays. In continuous exposure assays, only excess Ca²⁺ showed inductive activity and induced 25% metamorphosis at 5 × 10^?2 M. Larval responses to Li⁺ and Rb⁺were inhibited by TEA, while induction of metamorphosis by Cs⁺and Ca²⁺ was independent of the presence of TEA. Thus, these ions used can be useful inducers of larval metamorphosis for application in the aquaculture industry. The finding provides new insights on the biochemical mechanism controlling larval metamorphosis in this species.     

外源ABA对低温胁迫下青花菜植株生长及若干生理特性的影响

对低温胁迫下不同品种青花菜生长情况及SOD和POD酶活性进行分析,并以‘翠绿’品种为试材,研究外源ABA对植株低温胁迫的缓解作用.结果表明:(1)低温胁迫抑制株高、茎粗的增长,SOD、POD活性及可溶性糖含量显著降低;不同品种对低温胁迫的响应不同,‘翠绿’、‘蔓陀绿’品种受低温胁迫的影响较大,‘优秀,、‘DICICCO' (AU)品种受低温胁迫的影响较小.(2) 100mg· L-1脱落酸(ABA)处理对提高‘翠绿’的株高、茎粗效果显著; 50、100、150 mg·L-1 ABA处理的植株SOD、POD活性均显著高于对照(0mg·L-1ABA),其中,100 mg·L-1 ABA对SOD、POD活性的提高效果最为显著.(3)外源ABA可显著提高‘翠绿’植株可溶性糖含量,在低温处理15 d并恢复处理15 d后,50、100、150 mg· L-1 ABA处理的可溶性糖含量均显著高于对照并保持在较高水平.     

Partial and total replacement of fishmeal with poultry by-product meal in diets for gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch

Triplicate groups of gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch (initial body weight: 4.89 g) were fed for 8 weeks at 24.8–30.8°C with nine isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets. The control diet (F1) used white fishmeal (FM) as the sole protein source. In the other eight diets (F2–F9), 40.5–100% of FM protein was substituted by poultry by‐product meal (PBM) at 8.5% increments. The specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, protein retention efficiency and energy retention rate for fish fed PBM diets (F2–F9) were all higher, but not always significantly, than those for fish fed F1. All apparent digestibility coefficients for fish fed PBM diets were lower than those for fish fed F1. Fish fed F1 had a significantly higher hepatosomatic index value than fish fed PBM diets (P<0.05). No significant (P>0.05) effect of diet was found in whole‐body moisture and fat content. Whole‐body protein and energy content for fish fed PBM diets were slightly higher than that for fish fed F1. The optimal replacement level of FM by PBM was estimated by second‐order polynomial regression to be 66.5% in protein.     

茶树人工诱变技术的研究 Ⅰ.茶树辐照的生物学效应

辐照茶树 M_1代成株率、苗高、叶面积以及根长与辐照剂量的关系符合多靶单击数学模型 y=1-(1-e~(-MD))~N,而它们与辐照剂量率的关系呈二次曲线型 y=a+bx+cx~2;茶树各器官敏感性大小表现为根长>叶面积>苗高。辐照剂量率在0.57—0.86戈/分的范围内效果比较明显。插穗的适宜辐照剂量为5.7—9.5戈,半致死剂量在9.5戈左右。乔木型大叶品种茶籽的适宜辐照剂量为9.3—21戈,半致死剂量在21戈左右;灌木型中、小叶种茶籽的适宜辐照剂量为27.9—37.2戈,半致死剂量在37.2—50戈     

我国食用菌标准现状分析

对我国现行食用菌标准情况进行了整理分析,并针对目前我国食用菌标准化及标准工作中存在的问题提出了一些建议。     

Influence of dietary l-carnitine on growth, biological traits and meat quality in Tilapia

This study was designed to determine whether l -carnitine supplementation is necessary in a tilapia diet containing low-fish meal and a high lipid level, which is beneficial economically and for the environment. The effects of dietary l -carnitine on the growth, body composition, blood traits and post-thaw drip from muscle in hybrid tilapia were investigated. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were fed to the fish with a mean body weight of 141.7 g for 168 days. The control diet contained fish meal as the major protein source with 7% lipid. Other diets contained 7% or 12% lipid, in which fish meal was largely replaced by plant proteins, and supplemented with l -carnitine or not. Results showed that supplemental dietary l -carnitine did not affect the growth performance, feed efficiency or protein efficiency ratio, while the supplementation significantly reduced the mesenteric fat ratio. Whole body and muscle proximate compositions were unaltered by any dietary treatment. The total plasma lipid, triacylglycerol and cholesterol values of tilapia fed diets with alternative plant proteins were significantly lower than those of the control fish, whereas increasing the dietary lipid content increased the aforementioned blood traits. A decrease in plasma ammonia and an increase in urea were observed in dietary l -carnitine-supplemented fish. Post-thaw drip from muscle was reduced in fish fed supplemental dietary l -carnitine. The observations of this study revealed that neither the growth performance nor the feed utilization of hybrid tilapia was improved by a dietary l -carnitine treatment, but that it did lead to a reduced mesenteric fat ratio, altered nitrogen metabolism and improved meat quality.     

山湖水库的渔业资源及其利用

以2001年山湖水库渔业资源调查资料为基础,分析了其水体的理化特性、饵料生物组成及生物量,评价了水库的营养类型和鱼产潜力,并提出了其水库渔业的发展对策。