1991-2020年西藏春小麦生育期对气候变化的响应

为了解西藏春小麦物候期变化及其与气候变化的关系,利用1991-2020年西藏日喀则农业气象观测站观测的春小麦生育期和气象资料,采用线性回归、相关系数、Mann-Kendall等方法,分析了西藏春小麦生育期变化特征,并讨论了影响其变化的主导气象因子。结果表明,在1991-2020年期间,西藏春小麦生长季内降水量（Pr）、相对湿度（RH）和日照时数（S）表现为下降趋势,平均最低气温（T_min）升温率明显大于平均最高气温（T_max）升温率,平均气温（T_m）、≥0 ℃积温（∑T₀）和平均风速（Ws）均呈增加趋势。营养生长期、生殖生长期以及全生育期的热量资源（T_m、T_max、T_min、∑T₀）和Ws都表现为增加趋势,S与RH趋于减少;Pr在营养生长期增多,在生殖生长期减少,在全生育期略有增加。春小麦所有生育时期都表现为推迟趋势,平均每10年推迟2.33～13.36 d,以乳熟期推迟最明显;播种-出苗、拔节-孕穗2个生育阶段天数对气候变化响应不明显,开花-乳熟期天数以11.03 d·10 a^-1的速度显著延长,其他生育阶段天数均呈减少趋势;营养生长期、生殖生长期以及全生育期天数均呈减少趋势。除开花期外,其他生育时期都发生了推迟的气候突变,突变时间主要出现在21世纪前10年的中后期;只有三叶-分蘖、分蘖-拔节、开花-乳熟、乳熟-成熟4个生育阶段天数在21世纪初出现了气候突变。影响春小麦营养生长期、全生育期天数的主导因子是T_m,次要因子为∑T₀,而∑T₀却是影响生殖生长期天数的主导因子,T_m为次要因子。近30年西藏春小麦营养生长期、生殖生长期以及全生育期天数减少,主要是因为T_m显著升高造成的。     

基于HVI测试的标准化操作规范

为了规范大容量棉花测试仪的使用、校准及维护,提高检测结果准确性.作者根据HVI应用手册和实际操作经验,总结了大容量棉花测试仪的标准化工作各项要求.主要包括样品管理、气电及空间要求、恒温室、标准化仪器、校准与核查、比对试验、测试人员、健康安全、消防安全等.供业内同仁参考.     

Semi-Synthesis,Cytotoxic Evaluation,and Structure—Activity Relationships of Brefeldin A Derivatives with Antileukemia Activity

Brefeldin A (1), a potent cytotoxic natural macrolactone, was produced by the marine fungus Penicillium sp. (HS-N-29) from the medicinal mangrove Acanthus ilicifolius. Series of its ester derivatives 2–16 were designed and semi-synthesized, and their structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods. Their cytotoxic activities were evaluated against human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cell line in vitro, and the preliminary structure–activity relationships revealed that the hydroxy group played an important role. Moreover, the monoester derivatives exhibited stronger cytotoxic activity than the diester derivatives. Among them, brefeldin A 7-O-2-chloro-4,5-difluorobenzoate (7) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on the proliferation of K562 cells with an IC₅₀ value of 0.84 µM. Further evaluations indicated that 7 induced cell cycle arrest, stimulated cell apoptosis, inhibited phosphorylation of BCR-ABL, and thereby inactivated its downstream AKT signaling pathway. The expression of downstream signaling molecules in the AKT pathway, including mTOR and p70S6K, was also attenuated after 7-treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, molecular modeling of 7 docked into 1 binding site of an ARF1–GDP-GEF complex represented well-tolerance. Taken together, 7 had the potential to be served as an effective antileukemia agent or lead compound for further exploration.     

高等学校图书馆文献资源招标和竞价采购的利弊分析

对高等学校图书馆文献资源实行招标和竞价采购的可行性、有利因素和不利结果进行阐述,提出加强高等学校文献采购的应对方法。     

5-氮胞苷对籼稻成熟胚愈伤组织生长和再分化的影响及诱变效应

用5-氮胞苷(5-azaC)处理籼型三系杂交水稻恢复系“明恢63”、“密阳46”和“特青2号”成熟胚诱导产生的愈伤组织,当5-azaC浓度为0.1mmol/L时,愈伤组织的增殖明显受抑;当5-azaC浓度达1.0mmol/L时,愈伤组织增殖率下降50%以上;5-azaC浓度提高到1.5mmol/L时,愈伤组织增殖率仅及对照的20%。分化阶段愈伤组织对5-azaC更敏感,当5-azaC的浓度为0.02mmol/L时,愈伤组织的再分化率明显下降,且随5-azaC浓度的增加,再分化率也显著下降,当5-azaC的浓度为0.2mmol/L时,各试验品种的愈伤组织的再分化力完全受抑,不能分化出幼苗。经5-azaC处理的愈伤组织再分化力也下降,但经预分化培养后分化力可恢复到较高水平。经5-azaC处理的愈伤组织再生植株产生了性状变异,出现了白化苗、矮秆、迟熟和早熟等变异体,当代的突变率为3.03%~5.31%。突变性状表现为单基因隐性突变,可稳定遗传。     

极小种群植物“川柿”生物学特性及种子萌发方法研究

摘 要：【目的】为了保护和发展极小种群植物川柿,开展此研究。【方法】采用观测法,连续3年对其生物学特性研究;种子萌发方法：（1）后熟0、30、45、60天,剥离清洗播种;（2）后熟60天,以GA300、600、1000 mg/L溶液浸种1h;播种基质为河沙（保持一定湿度）,放置室内,统计萌发时间和出苗率。【结果】（1）川柿花期4-5月,10月为果熟期,单果直径32.7±5.80mm,单果重23.0±5.30g;种子肾形、千粒重1070g;成年植株呈隔年开花、结果现象;（2）种子经“后熟+河沙播种”,可萌发,其中以后熟60天的出苗率较高,为65%;直接播种种子,出苗率5%;“后熟+GA溶液浸种+河沙播种”,出苗率均高于65%,其中以GA600mg/L浸泡1h处理,出苗率最高为83.3%。【结论】极小种群植物川柿为常绿叶乔木,有隔年开花、结果现象; “果后熟60天+GA600mg/L浸泡种子1h +室内河沙播种”可提高种子萌发率,为川柿种子繁殖提供参考。     

不同脱萼处理对‘华梨1号’梨脱萼率及果实品质的影响

以‘华梨1号’梨为试材,于梨花露白的花蕾期和盛花期喷施不同浓度的PBO和40%氟硅唑处理,研究不同脱萼处理对‘华梨1号’梨果脱萼率、座果率、单果重、果形指数和果实外观品质和内在品质的影响。结果表明：喷施不同浓度的PBO和40%氟硅唑处理对于‘华梨1号’梨幼果的萼片脱落及果实品质的影响差异显著。其中喷施12000 倍40%氟硅唑+600 倍PBO处理脱萼效果最为显著,幼果脱萼果率为92.53%;花朵座果率为97.58%,与清水对照处理差异不显著;果形指数为0.89,显著低于其他处理的果形指数,果形呈扁圆形,提高了果实的整齐度,改善了梨果外观品质;同时显著提高梨果的可溶性固形物和可溶性糖的含量,降低了梨果的果肉硬度,提高了‘华梨1号’梨果实的内在品质。     

湖南绿色食品发展初探

发展绿色食品不仅是今后农业发展的主要方向之一,更是经济可持续发展的需要。在界定绿色食品涵义的基础上,剖析了发展绿色食品生产的必要性和障碍因素,结合湖南发展绿色食品生产的有利条件,提出了发展绿色食品生产的对策措施,以此来促进湖南经济的发展。     

Characterization of Bioactivities and Biosynthesis of Angucycline/Angucyclinone Derivatives Derived from Gephyromycinifex aptenodytis gen. nov., sp. nov.

Strain NJES-13^T is the type strain and currently the only species of the newly established actinobacteria genera Aptenodytes in the family Dermatophilaceae isolated from the gut microbiota of the Antarctic emperor penguin. This strain demonstrated excellent bioflocculation activity with bacteria-derived exopolysaccharides (EPSs). Moreover, it produced bioactive angucycline/angucyclinone derivatives (ADs) and contained one type III polyketide synthase (T3PKS), thus demonstrating great potential to produce novel bioactive compounds. However, the low productivity of the potential new AD metabolite was the main obstacle for its chemical structure elucidation. In this study, to increase the concentration of targeted metabolites, the influence of cellular morphology on AD metabolism in strain NJES-13^T was determined using glass bead-enhanced fermentation. Based on the cellular ultra-structural observation driven by bacterial EPSs, and quantitative analysis of the targeted metabolites, the successful increasing of the productivity of three AD metabolites was achieved. Afterward, a new frigocyclinone analogue was isolated and then identified as 2-hydroxy-frigocyclinone, as well as two other known ADs named 2-hydroxy-tetrangomycin (2-HT) and gephyromycin (GPM). Three AD metabolites were found to demonstrate different bioactivities. Both C-2 hydroxyl substitutes, 2-hydroxy-tetrangomycin and 2-hydroxy-frigocyclinone, exhibited variable inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans. Moreover, the newly identified 2-hydroxy-frigocyclinone also showed significant cytotoxicity against three tested human-derived cancerous cell lines (HL-60, Bel-7402 and A549), with all obtained IC₅₀ values less than 10 µM. Based on the genetic analysis after genomic mining, the plausible biogenetic pathway of the three bioactive ADs in strain NJES-13^T was also proposed.     

Isolation and Characterization of a Yellow Xanthophyll Pigment-Producing Marine Bacterium,Erythrobacter sp. SDW2 Strain,in Coastal Seawater

Xanthophylls, a yellow pigment belonging to the carotenoid family, have attracted much attention for industrial applications due to their versatile nature. We report the isolation of a homo xanthophyll pigment-producing marine bacterium, identified as the Erythrobacter sp. SDW2 strain, from coastal seawater. The isolated Erythrobacter sp. SDW2 strain can produce 263 ± 12.9 mg/L (89.7 ± 5.4 mg/g dry cell weight) of yellow xanthophyll pigment from 5 g/L of glucose. Moreover, the xanthophyll pigment produced by the SDW2 strain exhibits remarkable antioxidative activities, confirmed by the DPPH (73.4 ± 1.4%) and ABTS (84.9 ± 0.7%) assays. These results suggest that the yellow xanthophyll pigment-producing Erythrobacter sp. SDW2 strain could be a promising industrial microorganism for producing marine-derived bioactive compounds with potential for foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.