温性荒漠草原不同放牧强度草地锰和铜动态变化

为探讨不同放牧强度下温性荒漠草原土-草体系中微量元素锰和铜的变化,对土壤、牧草中锰和铜含量进行了测定。结果表明,除中牧区以外,其他放牧区土壤锰含量随季节的推移极显著下降(P0.01),夏季牧区极显著高于其他放牧区,冬春季和秋季则轻牧区极显著高于其他放牧区(P0.01)。除对照外,轻牧,中牧和重牧区土壤铜含量夏季极显著高于其他两季(P0.01),冬春季和秋季不放牧或轻牧区极显著高于中牧和重牧区(P0.01)。各放牧区牧草中锰和铜(除中牧区)含量均冬春季显著或极显著高于夏秋两季,同一季节不同放牧区则各有变化。     

Aerobic bacterial flora of the nasal cavity in Gulf of California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pups

Nasal swab samples from clinically healthy California sea lions pups (Zalophus californianus) from six different reproductive rookeries in the Gulf of California were collected to determine the type and frequency of the representative aerobic bacterial microflora of their nasal mucosa. A total of 114 samples were examined and 100 bacterial isolates were identified and typified by microbiological and biochemical standard tests. Fifty four isolates corresponded to Gram positive bacteria (54%) and 46 isolates to Gram negative bacteria (46%). Fifteen bacterial genera were identified, including Micrococcus, Arcanobacterium, Corynebacterium, Moraxella, Neisseria, Escherichia, Kurthia, Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus, Brevibacillus, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonas and Aeromonas. The most frequently isolated genera were Moraxella (24%), Micrococcus (18%), and Corynebacterium (15%). These results show the presence in the nasal cavity of sea lions of several microorganisms. Although considered part of the normal microflora, they may also be opportunistic pathogens for their hosts and may act as a potential natural sentinel of environmental changes.     

有机铬对热应激蛋鸡生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

试验选用91周龄新罗曼商品蛋鸡480只,按2×2双因子试验设计随机分为5组,对照组饲喂不添加铬的玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,4个试验组饲喂在基础日粮中分别添加了以吡啶羧酸铬或酵母铬来源的0.2mg/kg或0.4mg/kg的日粮,试验30d,以研究有机铬对热应激蛋鸡生产性能和血液生化指标的影响。试验结果显示:①有机铬能在一定程度上促进热应激蛋鸡的蛋白质利用,提高热应激蛋鸡的生产性能;②铬水平对血清尿素氮有极显著的影响(P<0.01),添加0.4mg/kg铬组均极显著地低于对照组(P<0.01),说明了补铬能够抑制由高温引起的蛋白质分解过程,从而起到缓解高温应激的作用;③吡啶羧酸铬和酵母铬在作用效果上无显著的差异;从经济效益方面考虑,0.4mg/kg铬水平的酵母铬和吡啶羧酸铬经济效益较高。     

大肠埃希菌多重耐药调节子研究进展

大肠埃希菌多重抗生素耐药主要是由多重耐药调节基因和外输泵共同作用产生的。大肠埃希菌多重耐药调节子是广泛存在于肠杆菌科细菌染色体上的抗生素多重耐药调节中心,是大肠埃希菌耐药的主要组成部分。为解决多重抗生素耐药问题,很多专家和学者对大肠埃希菌多重耐药调节子和外输泵的耐药机制进行了深入的研究,研究开发多重抗生素耐药基因消除剂和外输泵抑制剂,或增加外输泵抑制基因的表达,将成为从根本上解决多重抗生素耐药问题的最好方法。文章对大肠埃希菌AcrAB、AcrAB-Tolc,Mar和膜孔蛋白Ompf、Ompc等多重抗生素耐药调节子的组成、功能及其影响因素进行了综述。     

Reproductive outcomes of anestrous goats supplemented with spineless Opuntia megacantha Salm-Dyck protein-enriched cladodes and exposed to the male effect

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The possible influence of the “male effect” upon reproductive outcomes of adult anestrous goats under marginal rangeland conditions and...     

青岛市某猪场猪瘟的发生、诊断与防治报告

青岛某大型养猪场地处城阳区，饲养有杜洛克、长白等优良品种。饲养种母猪600多头，种公猪13头，全部采用人工授精配种。母猪平均每胎产仔数为9．75头。现存栏种公猪、母猪、仔猪、育成和育肥猪共有6500多头。全部采取自繁自养的方式。种母猪免疫过猪瘟、蓝耳病(PRRS)和伪狂犬病的二联灭活疫苗及细小病毒灭活疫苗。该场母猪免疫程序是：配种前一个月免疫4倍量猪瘟冻干苗，母猪产后在仔猪断奶前后进行猪瘟窝防(仔猪和母猪同时免疫)。     

灌溉对青贮玉米产量和品质的影响

本研究采用田间试验和室内分析相结合的方式,探讨了灌溉次数对青贮玉米的产量和品质的影响。结果表明,随着灌溉次数的增加,青贮玉米产量极显著提高(P <0.01),灌溉3次产量可以增加6倍。灌溉处理青贮玉米的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、碳水化合物(WSC)和淀粉含量有显著差异(P <0.05),灌溉处理显著提高了青贮玉米的MILK 2006奶吨指数8%～11%(P <0.05),与对照相比奶亩指数差异极显著(P <0.01),奶亩指数提高了2.4～5.8倍。玉米青贮饲料发酵品质差异不显著。青贮玉米栽培管理中,适当予以灌溉,可以提高产量改善品质。     

Hip dysplasia in a 6-year-old Salz ram

A 6-year old Salz ram was presented with a history of poor body condition, progressive gait abnormalities, pelvic limb lameness, and difficulty with copulation. Based on the history, clinical signs, hip palpation, and radiography, a diagnosis of hip dysplasia, previously unreported in sheep, was made.     

Bilateral microphthalmia and aphakia associated with multiple eye abnormalities in a free-living European red deer calf (Cervus elaphus)

A free-living European red deer calf (Cervus elaphus) was euthanized due to bilateral microphthalmia. Lens was missing, replaced by proliferating squamous epithelial cells; hyperplastic squamous cells, sebaceous and mucinous glands were observed within the cornea with the characteristics of inclusion cyst. Findings were consistent with congenital microphthalmia/aphakia, with multiple eye abnormalities.     

Evaluation of Nociception,Sedation, and Cardiorespiratory Effects of a Constant Rate Infusion of Xylazine Alone or in Combination with Lidocaine in Horses

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a constant rate infusion (CRI) of xylazine or xylazine in combination with lidocaine on nociception, sedation, and physiologic values in horses. Six horses were given intravenous (IV) administration of a loading dose (LD) of 0.55 mg/kg of xylazine followed by a CRI of 1.1 mg/kg/hr. The horses were randomly assigned to receive three treatments, on different occasions, administered 10 minutes after initiation of the xylazine CRI, as follows: control, physiologic saline; lidocaine low CRI (LLCRI), lidocaine (LD: 1.3 mg/kg, CRI: 0.025 mg/kg/min); and lidocaine high CRI (LHCRI), lidocaine (LD: 1.3 mg/kg, CRI: 0.05 mg/kg/min). A blinded observer assessed objective and subjective data for 50 minutes during the CRIs. In all treatments, heart and respiratory rates decreased, end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration increased, and moderate to intense sedation was observed, but no significant treatment effect was detected in these variables. Ataxia was significantly higher in LHCRI than in the control treatment at 20 minutes of infusion. Compared with baseline values, nociceptive threshold increased to as much as 79% in the control, 190% in LLCRI, and 158% in LHCRI. Nociceptive threshold was significantly higher in LLCRI (at 10 and 50 minutes) and in LHCRI (at 30 minutes) than in the control treatment. The combination of CRIs of lidocaine with xylazine produced greater increases in nociceptive threshold compared with xylazine alone. The effects of xylazine on sedation and cardiorespiratory variables were not enhanced by the coadministration of lidocaine. The potential to increase ataxia may contraindicate the clinical use of LHCRI, in combination with xylazine, in standing horses.