现阶段滁州市农业结构调整思路探讨

分析现阶段滁州农业结构调整的现状及存在的问题，根据农业发展的新阶段对优质无公害农产品生产的要求，提出滁州市农业结构调整思路。     

基于BP神经网络的农机总动力预测

分析了BP神经网络用于预测时存在的不足,进而对基于BP神经网络的时间序列的预测问题进行了探讨.根据BP神经网络结构的特点,依据Z变换理论,提出了这一类预测问题可选用y=x作为传递函数,并分析指出了在BP神经网络中,以y=x作为传递函数与y=a+bx作为传递函数等价的结论,同时指出了网络结构应为两层网络.在此基础上,推导...     

锡林郭勒草原不同植被类型的土壤水分特性

根据压力膜仪测得土壤水分特征曲线,分析了锡林郭勒草原4种植被类型下0～50cm土层的土壤水分特性.结果表明:在中、低吸力段(＜1.5MPa)土壤水吸力与土壤含水量之间存在显著相关关系,且各植被类型不同土层的曲线形状和变化趋势基本相同.4种植被类型下,土壤有效水含量、土壤持水能力和土壤供水能力呈现出多伦克氏针茅草原＞锡林浩特羊草草原＞东乌珠穆沁大针茅草原＞多伦农田.在多伦克氏针茅草原、锡林浩特羊草草原和多伦农田,随着土层深度的加深,土壤质地逐渐变粗,土壤有效水含量、土壤持水能力和土壤供水能力逐渐减小;在东乌珠穆沁大针茅草原,随着土层深度的加深,土壤机械组成先变粗后变细,在20～30cm质地最粗,土壤有效水含量、土壤持水能力和土壤供水能力先减小后增大.     

Extraction of rice-planting area and identification of chilling damage by remote sensing technology: a case study of the emerging rice production region in high latitude

Rice is the second largest staple crop in the world and therefore plays an important role in food security. As a thermophilic crop, rice is sensitive to temperature changes. Thus, research on the chilling damage of rice is essential. The Sanjiang Plain is an emerging rice production area and is located at high latitudes in China, the world’s largest rice-producing country. Landsat data were used to extract rice-planting area from 1985 to 2015. MODIS 13Q1, which was uniformly distributed during the growing period of rice, was used to obtain NDVI values of paddies during 2002–2015. Dynamic Identification Index of sterile-type chilling damage and monitoring standard of delayed-type chilling damage were the proposed methods used in this paper, which were used to judge the chilling damage of rice. The results show that in the study region, the rice-planting area in 2015 is nearly 12 times larger than that in 1985. Delayed-type chilling damage occurred in 2002 and 2009, while sterile-type chilling damage occurred in 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2014, and 2015. Comparing with the prevalent meteorological standards, the results indicate that the index and standards proposed in this paper are precise, applicable, and more sensitive than them. The method is a macroscopic and accurate method to identify chilling damage in rice and can also provide a scientific basis to ensuring the stability of rice yield.     

根据个体间蛋白质多位点基因型的比较分析中国黄牛的遗传关系

现行群体间遗传距离的度量方法都以等位基因频率的计算为依据，这些方法的缺点之一是在位点不多，多态笥不高时要求群体有较大的取样个体数目，另外，这些方法所建造的树素图不能反映群体是由混血引起还是由长期进化引起这一问题，针对这些问题，本文提出了以个体间蛋白质多位点基因型比较为基础的群体间遗传距离和群体内基因杂合度的度量方法，以十个主要中国黄牛群体的遗传关系分析为例，比较圆满的解决了上面几个问题。     

不同基因型玉米品种抗旱性田间鉴定研究

为研究不同品种玉米在干旱条件下的形态与产量性状、明确不同基因型玉米品种的抗旱性,采用产量抗旱指数为评价参数,分析各性状与参数间的关系,筛选出有效的综合评价指标,并对各品种的抗旱性进行分类。结果表明,干旱处理下玉米品种籽粒产量均明显低于正常处理,雌雄开花间隔增加,株高和穗位高降低,穗短小,秃尖多,穗粒数少,粒质量轻,最终导致产量下降。雌雄开花间隔、保绿性与产量抗旱指数之间呈极显著或显著相关。通过这些形态指标可鉴选出抗旱性好的品种。     

Spatial variability in soil heat flux at three Inner Mongolia steppe ecosystems

Closing the energy budget at flux measurement sites is problematic, even when the fetch extends over flat, homogeneous surfaces with low vegetation cover. We used the residual energy balance and ordinary least square (OLS) linear regression methods to quantify spatial variability in soil heat flux contributing to energy balance closure (EBC), by deploying a mobile energy system within the footprints of three Eddy-covariance towers located in the steppe of Inner Mongolia, China. The EBC at the study sites had a daily average residual of 8–19 W m⁻² with OLS slopes of 0.83–0.96. The EBC was better achieved at the wet site than at the dry site. The spatial variability in soil heat flux was 48 W m⁻² (13% of R_n) during the day and 15 W m⁻² (34%) at night, with an average of 29 W m⁻² (24%) across the three sites. A 9% OLS slope difference due to this variability was recorded from our eight plot measurements. A large amount of missing energy (110 W m⁻² at peak) could occur with decreasing OLS slope of 23% across the three grassland sites when soil heat flux is not taken into account. In particular, heat storage in the top soil layer not only influenced the magnitude of EBC, but also adjusted soil heat flux to match the ‘truth schedule’. Heat storage in the top soil layer comprised half of the soil heat flux when the heat flux plate was deployed at a depth of 30 mm. If this part of heat storage was neglected, the residual of EBC would increase as large as 60 W m⁻² with OLS slope decreasing 9%. Comparing them with the multiple-location soil heat flux measurements, the single-location measurements from near the Eddy-covariance towers obtained a slightly better EBC with the OLS slope increasing by 4%.     

降解菌S113对甲磺隆污染土壤生物修复作用的研究

在室内条件下,研究了降解菌S113(Methylopila sp.)对甲磺隆污染土壤的修复作用。S113能够以甲磺隆为唯一碳源生长,72h对50mgL-1甲磺隆的降解率达98.38%。投加降解菌S113可显著提高土壤中甲磺隆的降解速率。当甲磺隆浓度为10mgkg-1干土,S113接种量为108个g-1土时,第30天土壤中甲磺隆降解率为76.9%,对照土壤中甲磺隆降解率仅为11.9%。S113降解甲磺隆的速率和接种量呈正相关,当接种量减少为105个g-1干土时,降解菌对甲磺隆的降解作用微弱。在土壤中甲磺隆浓度较低的条件下,S113的降解效果显著,而当土壤中甲磺隆浓度达到50mgkg-1时,甲磺隆降解率仅为39.6%。S113降解土壤中甲磺隆的最适温度为30℃,第30天的降解率可达75.9%。当温度为25℃、20℃时,第30天甲磺隆降解率仅为53.5%和23.9%。S113菌剂灌根,能不同程度地缓解土壤中浓度为40、80μgkg-1的甲磺隆对玉米生长的抑制作用,但当甲磺隆浓度增加到120μgkg-1时,接种S113对药害解除作用不显著。结果表明,人工接种降解菌S113,能有效去除土壤中甲磺隆残留。     

Identification of quantitative trait loci for agronomic and physiological traits in maize (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Zea mays</Emphasis> L.) under high-nitrogen and low-nitrogen conditions

Low-nitrogen (LN) tolerance is a compound character with a complex genetic basis. Many agronomic traits have been shown to be closely related to LN tolerance in maize. In this study, 150 F₇ recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between inbreds 178 and K12 were evaluated for agronomical and physiological traits under high-nitrogen (HN) and LN conditions in 2 years. Inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) was used to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for traits recorded under different treatments (LN and HN) in 2 years. In total, 86 QTLs were detected: 38 for HN and 35 for LN, while 13 QTLs were detected under both nitrogen levels, suggesting that LN-specific QTLs may play a role in improving LN tolerance in maize. Overlapping QTLs for different traits were located on all chromosomes except chromosome 4 and chromosome 9. Many of these regions overlapped with previously reported QTLs. Several consensus major QTLs and LN-specific major QTLs found in the study can be used in marker-assisted selection breeding for genetic improvement and LN tolerance in maize in the future.