基于无线传感网络隧道亮度信号采集系统的研究

亮度信号是高速公路隧道节能照明控制系统必须检测的物理量。本文基于zigbee的技术特点,设计了一款基于无线传感网络的隧道亮度信号采集系统。系统的传感器节点负责亮度信号的采集,经CC2530处理发送,通过逐级跳转的方式把数据传输到协调器。协调器通过RS232串口与灯具控制器通信,以此实现对亮度信号的实时采集和可靠性传输。通过实验表明,该系统达到了设计的目的,并适用于高速公路隧道节能照明控制系统。     

水貂阿留申病毒环介导等温扩增（LAMP）检测方法的建立

为建立一种简便、快速、特异的水貂阿留申病毒（ADV）检测方法,根据GenBank中已登录的ADV基因组序列,选择水貂阿留申病毒VP2基因作为靶基因,设计并合成5套环介导等温扩增（LAMP）反应所需的引物,通过试验筛选出最佳引物,并进行最佳引物的特异性及敏感性试验,建立了LAMP快速检测方法。试验结果表明,该方法比普通PCR方法灵敏性高10倍,与其他的水貂源病毒不发生非特异性反应,并且具有良好的重复性。利用建立的LAMP检测方法对30份临床样品的阳性检出率为6.7%。该方法简便快速,为水貂阿留申病的检测提供了新的发展方向,有望成为简易的常规检测手段,尤其适用于基层应用。     

欧盟皮内变态反应比较试验法结合ELISA检测牛结核病的研究

现在应用较多的牛结核病检疫方法有变态反应、ELISA等方法。检疫牛结核病目前OIE唯一指定方法是皮内变态反应,该方法也是最古老的方法之一,经过多次改进,仍然为各国所用。该方法的不足是非特异性反应过高,且只能检测细胞免疫状态。牛结核     

进口越南屠宰用活猪重大动物疫病传入风险评估

为分析进口越南屠宰用活猪传入重大动物疫病的风险,探讨进口越南屠宰用活猪的可行性,参照世界动物卫生组织以及澳大利亚、新西兰等的进口风险分析技术,采用定性评估方法,开展非洲猪瘟、口蹄疫、猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征等4种进境一类重大动物疫病传入释放评估、接触发生评估和后果评估。评估认为,非洲猪瘟、口蹄疫、猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征等疫病具有高传入风险,可随活猪引进病原体,并且能够对我国养猪业产生不利影响,因此目前不能接受其进口。针对高传入风险,需要制定严格的降低疫病传入风险管理措施,包括严格产地要求、加强境外预检、指定口岸入境、强化隔离检疫、建立生物隔离区。本研究对我国动物产品进口贸易政策及检疫措施的制定提供了有力参考。     

二次制粒加工对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响

选用360头21日龄断奶仔猪,按制粒工艺、原料预处理不同,设计2因素2水平试验,研究断奶仔猪采食二次制粒颗粒饲料对生长性能和血液生化指标的影响,结果显示:试验全期,采用二次制粒工艺及膨化玉米、膨化豆粕原料的处理4组仔猪,平均日增重和体重最大,生长性能最佳。血清尿素氮测定结果显示:断奶第14 d,处理4和2组的仔猪血清尿素氮显著低于(P<0.05)处理1和3组;断奶第28 d,处理1组仔猪血清尿素氮显著高于其他三个处理组。血清皮质醇测定结果显示:断奶第14 d,处理4组仔猪血清皮质醇显著低于其他三组。本试验证明,在选择膨化玉米与膨化豆粕优质饲料原料的基础上,采用二次制粒工艺,尤其先将鱼粉与膨化玉米、膨化豆粕进行第一次高温制粒,对降低仔猪断奶应激,改善生长性能有良好的效果。     

Effect of phytase supplementation to a low- and a high-phytate diet for growing pigs on the digestibilities of crude protein, amino acids, and energy

Supplementation of microbial phytase usually improves the digestibility and utilization of phosphorus in feedstuffs of plant origin. The effect of phytase supplementation on the digestibilities of AA also has been examined, but the results have been inconsistent. This study was carried out to determine the effect of phytase (Natuphos) supplementation, at a rate of 2,000 phytase units/kg, to two basal diets on the apparent ileal digestibilities (AID) of GE, CP, and AA, and on the apparent total-tract digestibilities (ATTD) of CP and GE. The basal diets contained 18% CP and were formulated (as-fed basis) to contain either a low (0.22%) or high content (0.48%) of phytate P. The high-phytate diet contained 20% rice bran, which is a rich source of phytate and has low intrinsic phytase activity. Eight barrows (average initial BW = 40.6 kg), fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum, were fed the four diets according to a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design. The pigs were fed twice daily at 0800 and 2000, equal amounts each meal, at a rate of 2.4 times the daily maintenance requirement for ME. Each experimental period comprised 14 d. Ileal digesta were collected from 0800 to 2000 on d 12, 13, and 14. Feces were collected from 0800 on d 8 until 0800 on d 12. Chromic oxide was used as the digestibility marker. The AID of GE, CP, and AA and the ATTD of CP and GE were less in the high- than in the low-phytate diet (P < 0.01). With the exception of glutamic acid, phytase supplementation did not affect (P > 0.10) the AID of CP and AA. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of phytase on the ATTD of CP and GE. These results show that if a response occurs to phytase supplementation, it is independent of the dietary phytate content.     

锌在养猪业中的应用

本文概述了锌在猪体内的分布、存在形式、代谢需要量与生理作用,阐述不同锌源对猪的生产性能的影响及其应用现状,揭示了合理利用锌源、降低生产成本、减轻对环境污染的重要性。     

电白小耳花猪的生产现状与发展思路

改革开放以来,广东省电白县把小耳花猪的生产经营作为发展“三高“畜牧业的一项重点工作来抓,大大推动了电白县牧业商品生产的发展,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益,目前小耳花猪养殖业已成为电白县山区农村经济的支柱产业.深入研究电白小耳花猪生产的历史和现状,探讨加快发展电白小耳花猪的战略措施,对发展电白县农村经济和增创畜牧业发展新优势具有重要现实意义.……     

High prevalence and widespread distribution of multi-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in pigs and poultry in China

Escherichia coli play an important ecological role within resistant bacteria populations, and can be used as a bio-indicator of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of the present study was to use this feature of E. coli to investigate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and the degree of cross-species transmission of bacteria in pigs and poultry in China. A total of 592 E. coli strains, isolated from pigs and poultry (healthy and diseased animals), were tested for resistance to 22 antimicrobials representing eight antimicrobial drug types.E. coli isolates had high rates of resistance to ampicillin (99.5%), doxycycline (95.6%), tetracycline (93.4%), trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (74.3%), amoxicillin (65.1%), streptomycin (54.7%), and chloramphenicol (50.2%). Resistance to cephalosporins, quinolones, and aminoglycosides was also quite prevalent. The majority (81%) of isolates demonstrated multi-antimicrobial resistance, most commonly to 5–6 different antimicrobial types. One isolate was resistant to all 22 antimicrobials. Twenty-two cultures exhibiting multi-antimicrobial resistance were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to assess their distribution between farms. Three distinct PFGE types were identified, indicating inter-farm transmission of multi-antimicrobial resistant bacteria. The study confirmed the presence and transmission of multi-antimicrobial-resistant E. coli strains amongst pigs and poultry in China and highlights the urgent need for appropriate monitoring programmes.