鸭坦布苏病毒E基因的分子特性分析

为给鸭坦布苏病毒（duck tembusu virus,DTMUV）囊膜糖蛋白选择良好的抗原域和宿主表达系统提供参考依据,本研究通过选取DTMUV QD株基因文库中的一个重组质粒并测序,结合NCBI的ORF Finder和BLAST工具发现一个全长为1488 bp完整开放阅读框架（Open Reading Frame,ORF）片段。将该ORF编码蛋白通过NCBI的BLASTP分析和DNAstar进化树分析,确定该蛋白与类黄病毒E基因编码的蛋白具有较高的相似性。随后应用生物信息学分析工具Conserved Domains确定保守结构域、运用SignalP4.1预测信号肽、TMHMM 2.0预测跨膜区。应用在线程序NetNGlyc1.0预测糖基化位点,NetPhos2.0预测磷酸化位点、ProtScale进行疏水性分析。最后运用在线EMBOSS和自动蛋白同源建模数据库进行3D结构预测以及密码子偏爱性分析。结果表明,E蛋白与其它黄病毒衣壳蛋白具有相似的功能,没有信号肽切割位点,在451-468和475-492aa区域含有跨膜区,为相对低表达基因,含有较多种类的稀有密码子,与人密码子使用频率较为接近。这为进一步研究DTMUV E基因的体外表达和宿主选择提供了分子生物学依据。     

孕牛血清中早孕因子的分离纯化

采用DEAE－Sepharose(DEAE-琼脂糖凝胶）、CM－Sepharose(CM-琼脂糖凝胶）等离子交换层析、抗孕牛全血清IgG-Sepharose 4B亲和层析等技术，分离纯化妊娠4－5个月健康孕牛全血清中的早孕因子（EPF），用玫瑰花环抑制实验对各阶段产物EPF活性进行检测。结果表明，经层析过柱后的CM－ⅡA提取物有EPF活性。经SDS－PAGE银染显色证实它含有分子量为21、67、80KD的蛋白，实验结果支持21KD的多肽为主要EPF活性物成分。同时实验表明了亲和层析对进一步纯化EPF是可行的。     

规模猪场母猪繁殖障碍综合征的病因调查

作者采用9套试剂盒，检测了7种能引起猪繁殖障碍综合征的传染病，对来自有繁殖障碍症状的305场次进行猪瘟(HC)抗原检测，并对包括这305场次在内的978个猪场(次)病例的6346份血清样品及52698份田间血清样品进行HC、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)、伪狂犬病(PR)、日本乙型脑炎(JE)、细小病毒感染(DPV)、猪衣原体病(Chla)、布鲁氏菌病(Bruc)等7种传染病的抗体检测。结果表明，在有繁殖障碍症状的猪场，HC抗原检出率高达61．97％，并且在不使用疫苗的情况下，PR3RS、PR、JE、Chla和PPV的抗体阳性场分别为49．42％、34．29％、12．72％、31．71％、和48．08％。HC和：PR交叉感染率达23．81％；HC和：PRRS交叉感染率为9．52％，PR和PRRS交叉感染率高达59．65％；另外JE、PPV也同HC、PR、PRRS存在部分交叉感染。不使用疫苗的田间血清样品的PRRS、PR的抗体阳性率也高。HC与PRRS．PR、Chla、JE和PPV中的一种或几种混合感染可能是引起繁殖障碍造成严重损失的主要原因。加强综合防制，优化免疫程序、把握引种关、加强生物安全措施是防制猪繁殖障碍综合征的关键。     

哺乳动物卵母细胞孤雌激活的研究进展

本文概述了卵母细胞孤雌激活的研究历程,并从激活机制、激活方法及影响因素等方面对孤雌激活的研究意义和发展前景进行了综述。     

益生菌对宿主机体免疫调节作用研究进展

益生菌是一类对宿主机体健康有益的低致病性或无致病性微生物。大量研究表明,益生菌能够维持宿主肠道菌群平衡,作用于肠道黏膜免疫系统,引起体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,从而调节机体的免疫功能。就益生菌的免疫调节作用途径,及其对机体体液免疫和细胞免疫的影响进行了综述。     

湖南省洞庭湖区5株H6N6亚型禽流感毒株HA、NA基因的遗传进化分析

为了从分子生物学角度了解H6N6亚型禽流感病毒在湖南省洞庭湖区的变异特点和进化规律,为该地区H6N6亚型禽流感的防控提供一些理论依据,对2012年在洞庭湖区分离的H6N6亚型禽流感毒株的HA、NA基因进行扩增、克隆和测序,并对所得序列进行同源性和遗传进化分析。结果显示,本试验分离到的5株H6N6亚型禽流感毒株HA裂解位点为PQIETR↓GLF,均没有多个连续的碱性氨基酸插入,属于低致病性病毒;5株病毒的HA和NA潜在的糖基化位点有一些差别,这些差别是否会引起其毒力和致病力上的差异还有待研究;从基因遗传进化关系来看,这些毒株与我国汕头、广西分离的毒株同源性较高。     

Effects of dietary supplementation of nucleotides from late gestation to lactation on the performance and oxidative stress status of sows and their offspring

Increased metabolic burdens in breeding sows, which are induced by elevated systemic oxidative stress, could increase the need for nucleotides to repair lymphocyte DNA damage; however, de novo synthesis of nucleotides may be insufficient to cover this increased need. This study investigated the effects of dietary nucleotides on milk composition, oxidative stress status, and the reproductive and lactational performance of sows. Forty multiparous sows were assigned to 2 dietary treatments (Control group, and 1 g/kg Nucleotides group) based on a randomized complete block design using their BW at 85 d of gestation as a block. Sows from 2 groups were fed a restricted diet during gestation and ad libitum during lactation. The experiment lasted from 85 d of gestation to 21 d of lactation. The reproductive performance of sows and the growth performance of suckling piglets were measured. Oxidative stress parameters and milk components were also analysed. Data were analyzed using contrasts in the MIXED procedure of SAS. Sows in the Nucleotides group consumed more feed during the first week (P < 0.01) and from 1 to 21 d (P < 0.05) of lactation than those in Control group. Correspondingly, the litter weight gain of piglets showed a tendency to increase from cross-fostering to 9 d (P = 0.09) and from cross-fostering to 20 d (P = 0.10) in the Nucleotides group relative to the Control group. Additionally, the Nucleotides group was higher (P < 0.01) than the Control group in the concentrations of uridine 5''monophosphate, guanosine 5''monophosphate, inosine 5''monophosphate, adenosine 5''monophosphate and total nucleotides in milk. Furthermore, the Nucleotides group was higher (P < 0.01) than the Control group in the serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.01) for sows at 109 d of gestation and glutathione peroxidase for weaning piglets, but lower at the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (P < 0.05) in serum of weaning piglets. This study indicated that maternal dietary nucleotides could promote piglet growth, probably due to the higher lactational feed intake and higher concentration of nucleotides in the milk of sows, and lower oxidative stress for both sows and piglets.     

Serum biochemical parameters and amino acids metabolism are altered in piglets by early-weaning and proline and putrescine supplementations

The study was to investigate the effect of early-weaning stress and proline (Pro) and putrescine (Put) supplementations on serum biochemical parameters and amino acids (AA) metabolism in suckling and post-weaning pigs. Blood and small intestinal mucosa were harvested from suckling piglets at 1, 7, 14, and 21 d of age and piglets on d 1, 3, 5, and 7 after weaning at 14 d of age, as well as from piglets received oral administration of Pro and Put from 1 to 14 d old. In suckling piglets, the serum glucose, albumin and total cholesterol levels were increased (P < 0.05) with increasing age, whereas the serum globulin, urea nitrogen (BUN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were lowered (P < 0.05). The concentrations of most serum AA and the AA transporters related gene expressions were highest in 7-d-old piglets (P < 0.05), whereas the phosphorylation status of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in the small intestine increased in piglets from 1 to 21 d old (P < 0.05). Weaning at 14 d old increased (P < 0.05) the BUN and triglycerides levels in serum, as well as jejunal solute carrier family 7 member 6 (SLC7A6), ileal SLC36A1 and SLC1A1 mRNA abundances at d 1 or 3 post-weaning. Weaning also inhibited (P < 0.05) the phosphorylation levels of mTOR and its downstream ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and 4E-binding protein-1 (4EBP1) in the small intestine of weanling pigs. Oral administration of Put and Pro decreased (P < 0.05) serum ALP levels and increased (P < 0.05) intestinal SLC36A1 and SLC1A1 mRNA abundances and mTOR pathway phosphorylation levels in post-weaning pigs. Pro but not Put treatment enhanced (P < 0.05) serum Pro, arginine (Arg) and glutamine (Gln) concentrations of weaning-pigs. These findings indicated that early-weaning dramatically altered the biochemical blood metabolites, AA profile and intestinal mTOR pathway activity, and Pro and Put supplementations improved the AA metabolism and transportation as well as activated the intestinal mTOR pathway in weanling-pigs. Our study has an important implication for the broad application of Pro and Put in the weaning transition of piglets.     

新巴尔虎右旗植被覆盖变化研究

利用ArcGIS和ENVI的栅格空间分析工具,采用叠置分析、线性趋势分析法、均值法等分析方法,选用2001～2016年每年5～9月MODIS NDVI数据和该研究区域行政区划矢量数据来研究新巴尔虎右旗16年间的植被覆盖变化,为该地区植被趋势研究和生态建设提供一定的科学依据.结果表明:2001～2016年间新巴尔虎右旗生...