Modeling soil water dynamics in a drip-irrigated intercropping field under plastic mulch

Intercropping, drip irrigation, and the use of plastic mulch are important management practices, which can, when utilized simultaneously, increase crop production and save irrigation water. Investigating soil water dynamics in the root zone of the intercropping field under such conditions is essential in order to understand the combined effects of these practices and to promote their wider use. However, not much work has been done to investigate soil water dynamics in the root zone of drip-irrigated, strip intercropping fields under plastic mulch. Three field experiments with different irrigation treatments (high T1, moderate T2, and low T3) were conducted to evaluate soil water contents (SWC) at different locations, for different irrigation treatments, and with respect to dripper lines and plants (corn and tomatoes). Experimental data were then used to calibrate the HYDRUS (2D/3D) model. Comparison between experimental data and model simulations showed that HYDRUS (2D/3D) described different irrigation events and SWC in the root zone well, with average relative errors of 10.8, 9.5, and 11.6 % for irrigation treatments T1, T2, and T3, respectively, and with corresponding root mean square errors of 0.043, 0.035, and 0.040 cm³ cm^?3, respectively. The results showed that the SWC in the shallow root zone (0–40 cm) was lower under non-mulched locations than under mulched locations, irrespective of the irrigation treatment, while no significant differences in the SWC were observed in the deeper root zone (40–100 cm). The SWC in the shallow root zone was significantly higher for the high irrigation treatment (T1) than for the low irrigation treatment, while, again, no differences were observed in the deeper root zone. Simulations of two-dimensional SWC distributions revealed that the low irrigation treatment (T3) produced serious severe water stress (with SWCs near the wilting point) in the 30–40 cm part of the root zone, and that using separate drip emitter lines for each crop is well suited for producing the optimal soil water distribution pattern in the root zone of the intercropping field. The results of this study can be very useful in designing an optimal irrigation plan for intercropped fields.     

A New Beam Column Element of Space Framed Structures for Nonlinear Analysis of Geometric Material

An incremental virtual work equation of three dimensional(3D) beam column element is proposed based on the UL method. The geometric nonlinear tangent stiffness matrix for 3D beam column element is deduced with the consideration of warping, shear deformation and effects of moment spatial rotation. Material nonlinearity is addressed by introducing plastic hinges at the element ends. And the Orbison sectional strength is modified in order to consider the effects of torsion moment and warping. The elastic plastic tangent stiffness matrix is acquired as the element ends are in plastic phase based on the flow theory. With a case studied, it is shown that the model can be used to predict accurately the ultimate bearing capacity and instability mode of 3Dspace frames by only one or two elements, and address the effects of warping and shear deformations effectively.     

天麻多糖的分离及其单糖组成分析

 [目的]从天麻中提取分离天麻多糖（GBP-Ⅰ,GBP-Ⅱ）,并对其组成进行研究。[方法]天麻依次经热水浸提,乙醇沉淀,Sevag法除蛋白质,有机溶剂洗涤、超滤,得天麻多糖GBP-Ⅰ和GBP-Ⅱ,将GBP-Ⅰ和GBP-Ⅱ分别用1mol/L的盐酸在100℃水解,水解液经过离子色谱分析,确定其单糖组成的种类和比例。[结果]GBP-Ⅰ和GBP-Ⅱ两种多糖均由鼠李糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖、甘露糖组成。其中GBP-I中5种单糖的相对含量分别是1.27%、5.41%、76.49%、6.32%、10.51%,GBP-II中五种单糖的相对含量分别是2.32%、8.49%、62.44%、10.22%、16.53%。     

采用白腐菌对难降解有机污染物的生物净化

白腐菌对难降解污染物的生物降解作用已引起世界范围内的普遍关注，它可通过其分泌的特殊的降解酶系或其他机制将各种难降解的有机污染物彻底降解为CO₂和H₂O。该文介绍了白腐真菌的生物学特性及其分泌的酶系，阐述了白腐菌所分泌的酶在降解各种难降解有机物中的作用机制，分析了提高白腐菌降解能力的方法，总结了白腐菌在治理环境污染方面的应用现状与研究进展，探讨了白腐菌在实际应用方面的不足以及今后的研究方向，对白腐菌在解决环境污染方面的问题具有实际意义。     

怀化市鹤城区退耕还林工程生态效益计量评价

对怀化市鹤城区自2001年实施退耕还林工程以来十年间所取得的生态效益进行计量评价,估算了鹤城区退耕还林工程在保护水资源效益、固土保肥效益和固碳制氧效益3个方面所产生的生态效益。结果表明,鹤城区退耕还林工程所带来的生态效益十分显著,鹤城区退耕还林工程生态效益总价值为16645.36万元。     

香鱼微流水养殖技术

香鱼(Plecglassusaltivelis)属鲑形目、香鱼科、香鱼属,是一年生的小型经济鱼类。香鱼体细长而侧扁,头小而尖。身体上部绿色,背缘黑色,两侧及腹部为白色,成鱼体长10～30cm,重50～100g,最大的可达500g左右。香鱼分布于我国北起辽宁、南至福建、台湾的入海河流中。朝鲜半岛和日本中北部沿海也有分布。该鱼喜栖于岩石或沙砾底质,水质清澈的入海溪流中,是冷水性鱼类中较喜温(10～27℃)的种类。香鱼有终生生活在湖泊中的陆封型和溯河的洄游型两种,秋季产卵,绝大多数寿命一年。香鱼味美,含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、多种维生素、矿物质;…     

连翘在中式香肠中抗菌及抗氧化性能的研究

研究了连翘在中式香肠中的抑菌作用和抗氧化作用,探讨了连翘在中式香肠中应用的可行性。结果表明:连翘对中式香肠冷藏过程中杂菌的繁殖有一定的抑制作用,最适抑菌浓度为0.5%。将连翘添加于中式香肠中,可有效抑制中式香肠贮存过程中的脂肪酸败,其抑制作用随连翘在中式香肠中浓度的提高而加强。     

基于Kalman滤波农用车辆导航定位方法

因RTD-GPS定位精度不能满足农田导航作业的需要,研究了一种提高农用车辆自动导航定位精度的方法.建立天线补偿模型,对GPS天线晃动引起的误差进行了补偿;建立基于Kalman滤波模型,融合多传感器信息;使用自主开发的基于VRS的GPS接收机,作为RTD-GPS.将RTD-GPS、电子罗盘以及速度传感器获得信息进行Kalman滤波,其结果和高精度GPS数据进行了比较.实验证明,直线跟踪中,平均偏差由1.6019m减小到0.597m;曲线跟踪中,平均偏差由1.2085m减小到0.4861m.     

流固耦合作用对离心泵内部流场影响的数值计算

采用双向同步求解的方法对离心泵内流场和叶轮结构响应进行联合求解,研究了叶轮流固耦合作用对离心泵内部流场的影响.流场模拟基于Reynolds时均化N-S方程和标准k-ε两方程湍流模型,采用多重坐标系法;结构响应基于弹性体结构动力学方程.并将计算所得的流道网格变形、流场静压和速度的分布以及径向力等结果与非流固耦合计算的流场进行对比分析.分析结果表明,流固耦合作用使得流体和固体区域计算网格发生微小变形,这不仅会改变流体对固体载荷的分布,而且会影响结构对流体的做功作用,从而影响流场的分布;叶片相对隔舌不同位置时,叶轮出口处和蜗壳流道内流场的静压分布变化趋势不同;流场速度变化主要出现在叶片和叶轮出口附近;各时间点上径向力的大小和方向变化较明显.     

宁夏枸杞八氢番茄红素合成酶基因的克隆与序列分析

类胡萝卜素是植物叶绿体光合作用的辅助色素,并能保护叶绿素免受高温强光的破坏(Bartley et al.,1995).现在越来越多的医学研究表明,类胡萝卜素与人类健康密切相关.约有10%的类胡萝卜素是维生素A的前体(Krinsky,1989).据统计,每年有70多个国家的3 000多万儿童因缺乏维生素A而造成致命性疾病(Cheryl et al.,1997).此外,类胡萝卜素在防癌抗癌、预防心血管疾病、增强人体免疫力等方面起着重要的作用(陶俊等,2002).通过对菲律宾、加拿大和中国的食道癌患者的调查已证明β-胡萝卜素能延缓疾病的进程(韩雅珊,1999).由于类胡萝卜素在许多植物中含量较低,并且难以用化学方法合成.因此,利用基因工程手段调控类胡萝卜素的代谢积累,进而大量生产类胡萝卜素已成为研究者们所共识的研究方向之一.目前通过基因工程手段已获得转类胡萝卜素合成酶基因的"金大米"和"金油菜"(陶俊等,2002).