野山杏果肉成分分析及对小鼠小肠蠕动作用的研究

考察野山杏干果肉的营养成分及其膳食纤维的润肠通便作用,同时研究用碱处理法从野山杏果肉中提取膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件。研究结果表明,野山杏干果肉含有丰富的膳食纤维（51．84％）和钾、镁、磷、铁、钠等多种矿物质元素及维生素;制备野山杏果肉膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件是碱处理温度为30℃．碱处理时间为60min,碱（NaOH）溶液用量为11mL／g;肠蠕动实验组与模型组相比,中、高剂量对便秘模型小鼠的小肠蠕动和推进作用有显著性差异（P〈0．05）,表明野山杏果肉膳食纤维可明显促进小鼠小肠蠕动,具有润肠通便作用。     

水貂阿留申病的历史回顾及最新研究概述

水貂阿留申病是阻碍养貂业发展的世界性攻关病害。自人们发现该病至今已有５０余年的历史,尽管国内外有关专家学者,从没间断过对该病的研究,但始终没能攻克该病的免疫防制问题;值得庆幸的是,在国家科委和农业部畜牧兽医司等部门的大力资助下,我们对阿留申病的免疫原性和免疫机制进行了较系统深入的研究,并研制出了阿留申病灭活疫苗,现已在多个大型貂场进行小试。该文对阿留申病的病史和危害,以及最新研究进展和重大技术突破进行了较全面系统的论述。     

The stratum corneum: the rampart of the mammalian body

Background –  The stratum corneum (SC) is the outermost region of the epidermis and plays key roles in cutaneous barrier function in mammals. The SC is composed of ‘bricks’, represented by flattened, protein‐enriched corneocytes, and ‘mortar’, represented by intercellular lipid‐enriched layers. As a result of this ‘bricks and mortar’ structure, the SC can be considered as a ‘rampart’ that encloses water and solutes essential for physiological homeostasis and that protects mammals from physical, chemical and biological assaults. Structures and functions –  The corneocyte cytoskeleton contains tight bundles of keratin intermediate filaments aggregated with filaggrin monomers, which are subsequently degraded into natural moisturizing compounds by various proteases, including caspase 14. A cornified cell envelope is formed on the inner surface of the corneocyte plasma membrane by transglutaminase‐catalysed cross‐linking of involucrin and loricrin. Ceramides form a lipid envelope by covalently binding to the cornified cell envelope, and extracellular lamellar lipids play an important role in permeability barrier function. Corneodesmosomes are the main adhesive structures in the SC and are degraded by certain serine proteases, such as kallikreins, during desquamation. Clinical relevance –  The roles of the different SC components, including the structural proteins in corneocytes, extracellular lipids and some proteins associated with lipid metabolism, have been investigated in genetically engineered mice and in naturally occurring hereditary skin diseases, such as ichthyosis, ichthyosis syndrome and atopic dermatitis in humans, cattle and dogs.     

对饲养毛皮动物饲料的卫生检验与监督

当前饲养的毛皮动物种类较多 ,食性较杂。水貂、狐、貉、獾、鼬、水獭等以畜禽副产品、鱼类、肉类为主要饲料。麝鼠、海狸鼠、毛丝鼠、獭兔等以植物性饲料为主。毛皮动物的阿留申病、结核病、巴氏杆菌病、旋毛虫病等都是由肉类饲料传染的。因此 ,饲养毛皮动物的饲料 ,必须认真搞好检验与监督 ,防止各种疫病的发生。下面 ,就毛皮动物常用的动物、植物性饲料 ,如何搞好卫生检验与监督分述如下 :１畜禽副产品的检验１．１猪副产品。猪的传染病种类较多 ,是水貂阿留申病毒的携带者。用生的猪副产品饲喂动物 ,易引起阿留申氏病的地方性流行。因此…     

Effects of main cereal type and feed form on production performance,egg quality and egg sanitary indices of laying hens

ABSTRACT

1. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of cereal types (maize or wheat) and feed forms (pelleted or mash feed) on production performance, egg quality and egg sanitary indices in laying hens.

2. Three hundred and sixty hens (Jinghong No. 1) at 18 weeks of age were randomly assigned to four treatments with six replicates of 15 hens per replicate according to a 2 × 2 factorial design with two cereal types (maize or wheat) and two feed forms (pelleted or mash feed).

3. Compared with the wheat-based diet, the maize-based diet improved (P < 0.05) average egg weight of laying hens. Yolk colour of hens fed with the maize-based diet was higher (P < 0.05) in comparison to those fed the wheat-based diet, while Haugh units were lower (P < 0.05) for the maize-based treatment. Egg mass and average daily feed intake of hens fed the pelleted diet were higher (P < 0.05) than of those fed the mash diet. However, the mash diet improved (P < 0.05) yolk colour compared with the pelleted diet. The percentage of dirty eggs for the wheat-based diet was higher (P < 0.05) than for the maize-based diet. The percentage of dirty eggs was higher (P < 0.05) in birds fed the pelleted diet compared with those fed the mash diet. There were interactions (P < 0.05) between cereal type and feed form, with regard to average egg weight and shell thickness.

4. In conclusion, dietary cereal type affected average egg weight, yolk colour and Haugh units in eggs, while feed form influenced egg mass, average daily feed intake and yolk colour.     

北京市马属动物赛事监管制度的建立

通过对近年来重大马术活动的监管,结合《北京市动物防疫条例》的实施,北京市逐步形成马属动物展览演出比赛的“赛事报告、报检报验、档案记录、防疫条件审查、隔离观察、赛中监管、应急预备和宣传告知”八大监管制度,确保了北京市马属动物无疫安全。     

长沙市非洲猪瘟病毒核酸检测实验室现状调查

为全面了解非洲猪瘟检测实验室能力水平,长沙市动植物疫病预防控制中心通过问卷调查、能力比对和实地调研的方式,2019—2021年连续对基层非洲猪瘟检测实验室组织开展摸底调查。结果显示：长沙市具备非洲猪瘟检测能力的实验室共30家。其中：动物疫控机构实验室6家,承担主要监测任务;企业及第三方实验室24家,提供屠宰、监测、调运等方面检测数据,起到辅助作用。但县级以下基层实验室存在区域规划不合理、人员配置不足、生物安全管理体系不完善等问题。综上,实验室检测工作在非洲猪瘟防控上起到关键作用,但基层检测能力与生物安全管理水平仍有较大提升空间。     

中国南方草地现状与生产潜力

中国南方草地区为秦岭、淮河以南、青藏高原以东的广大地区 ,总面积约 2 70万 km2 ,分属淮河、长江、珠江 3大流域。南方草地多山 ,本文涉及的 12个南方省区中 ,山地与平原之比平均为 4 .85∶ 1,比全国平均比值高出 1倍。山地面积之大小与青藏高原距离的远近呈负相关。南方草地大体可以分为云贵高原区、华东区和华南区。笔者提出建立 3类系统耦合经济带 ,即西南岩溶山地系统耦合生态经济带、江淮平原丘陵系统耦合生态经济带和岭南沿海平原丘陵生态经济带。每一生态经济带内包含中心城市 ,农村生产基地和社会支持系统。据初步估算 ,这样的生态经济带蕴藏了巨大的经济潜力     

我国与欧盟肠衣技术性贸易措施比较

通过分析我国出口肠衣受阻原因,以及国际肠衣技术要求、中欧(中国及欧盟)肠衣安全限量发现:欧盟肠衣技术壁垒越来越严格,涉及范围扩大,影响面广,具有明显的贸易保护特征和连锁扩散效应;我国技术性贸易保护体系存在生产基础弱、标准体系技术性差、行业协会作用不明显、出口企业应对能力不足,以及与欧盟的贸易保护实力不对等问题。需要构筑三位一体的战略应对体系:政府负责政策制定、谈判和组织管理工作,行业协会发挥标准制定、行业预警和中介协调作用,出口生产企业承担主体责任。同时,监管部门还需加强监管,逐步健全和提高市场准入标准。     

生物活性肽的制备、功能及在动物生产中的应用研究进展

本文从生物活性肽的来源、制备、功能及在动物生产中的应用研究等方面对生物活性肽进行综述。