草鱼敏感的负趋音筛选研究

声学屏障是一种阻拦鱼类进入危险区域进而保护鱼类资源的重要手段,为筛选鱼类敏感的负趋音作为声学屏障,本文采用六种单频音（500-3 000 Hz）和一种宽频音（短吻鳄吼叫声）作为实验用音对草鱼幼鱼进行负趋音的筛选研究,通过在水槽两端交替播音来对比草鱼幼鱼对不同声音的行为反应。结果表明,大多数实验鱼对声音有反应,短吻鳄吼叫声与其他声音组的差异显著。单频音实验组中播放500 Hz单频音时平均反应次数最大,为1.7±0.6次,而播放短吻鳄吼叫声时平均反应次数高达5±0.9次,显著高于其他实验音;在总平均速度中,宽频音组中草鱼的总平均速度显著高于其他组,表明草鱼对短吻鳄吼叫声敏感,产生逃窜行为。本研究表明,草鱼对短吻鳄吼叫声具有负趋音性,短吻鳄吼叫声可能是一种对草鱼具有驱赶、威慑作用的声音,本研究可为过鱼设施中辅助诱驱鱼手段及水利结构中避免鱼类的夹带提供参考依据。     

浅谈影响植棉积极性的主要因素

主要从棉花价格走势、国家政策与形势、棉花生产要素三方面分析了中国目前的棉花生产形势;指出棉花价格是由市场主导并对植棉积极性产生决定性的影响、国家政策为棉花生产提供动力和保障、棉农的素质和认识在棉花生产要素中最为重要的影响结论.     

小麦自主开花基因TaFLD单核苷酸多态性分析

为了给培育具有广泛生态适应性的小麦品种提供参考依据,通过比对拟南芥自主开花基因(FLD基因)与小麦D基因组序列,获得小麦FLD基因的同源序列.分析结果表明,小麦TaFLD基因全长8 392 bp,具有3 087 bp完整ORF,编码1 028个氨基酸,亚细胞定位预测显示,其编码蛋白定位于细胞质.TaFLD基因功能预测表...     

小麦RIL群体SSR分子标记偏分离的遗传分析

为了研究小麦SSR分子标记偏分离的遗传特性,以普通小麦6044和0135杂交得到的F8重组自交系（RIL）群体为材料,利用具有多态性的76对SSR引物进行群体间分析。结果表明,有15个分子标记表现偏分离（P<0.05）,占总标记数的19.74%。这些偏分离标记中有7个标记偏向父本6044,占总偏分离标记位点数的46.67%;8个标记偏向母本0135,占总偏分离标记位点数的53.33%。这些标记在图谱上有两种分布形式,分别为成簇分布和孤立分布。在7条不同的染色体上均发现偏分离标记,其中在3条染色体上发现3个热点区域。     

Preparation and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose nonwovens by a wet-laid process

In this study, micro-porous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) nonwovens were prepared by carboxymethylation of cellulose nonwovens produced by a wet-laid process and their properties were investigated for potential applications as adhesion prevention barriers. After carboxymethylation, the thickness and mean pore size of the cellulose nonwovens were increased, whereas their pore size distribution became narrower. Tensile strength of cellulose nonwovens was proportional to basis weight, and dramatically increased after carboxymethylation. CMC nonwovens immediately absorbed a phosphate buffered saline solution and showed swollen phase within 1 min. It was found that the thickness and pore size distribution of CMC nonwovens could be easily controlled by the wet-laid process. It is expected that the CMC nonwovens can be used as adhesion prevention barriers.     

Flame retarding PC/ABS resins having superior thermomechanical properties

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is well known to be one of the most effective flame retardants for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) and its blending resins, such as polycarbonate (PC)/ABS, among various phosphorous-based compounds. However, TPP can also play a role as a plasticizer, which decreases the mechanical properties of PC/ABS resins at high temperature. Furthermore considerable amount of TPP has to be evaporated during molding process due on its much lower evaporation temperature. To overcome these shortcomings, we tried to immobilize TPP by grafting on butadiene moiety of ABS. FT-IR analysis of prepared TPP-grafted ABS (ABS-g-TPP) comparing with TPP, ABS and their blend confirmed that chemical reactions happened between TPP and ABS resins and it was attributed to the graft reaction of TPP onto butadiene moieties. Prepared ABS-g-TPP resins were blended with PC at various compositions to be prepared as testing specimens by injection molding. The physical characteristics such as mechanical properties, thermal stability, and flame retarding properties of the PC/ABS-TPP graft copolymer were analyzed through Vicat softening temperature, IZOD impact strength, transmission electron microscope, and UL94 flame retardation tests. Results showed that PC/ABS-g-TPP resin takes better thermomechanical properties than the existing PC/ABS resins at relatively low additional TPP amounts.     

草茎点霉粗毒素的产生条件及活性测定

为了寻求能够充分发挥草茎点霉粗毒素活性的最佳培养条件,笔者利用有机溶剂萃取草茎点霉发酵液,获得粗毒素,采用针刺法、种子萌发法确定草茎点霉毒素合适的提取条件及对鸭跖草的致病性。结果表明：草茎点霉胞外毒素活性较高,3种有机溶剂中乙酸乙酯萃取效果最好,产毒的最佳条件为：培养温度32℃、培养时间14天、培养方式为150 r/min震荡培养。粗毒素浓度在1000 μg/mL时种子萌发抑制率为26.09%,病斑面积达到6.85 mm2。萃取毒素采用有机溶剂的种类以及培养温度、培养时间、培养方式对草茎点霉粗毒素的活性影响很大。     

氮肥运筹对小麦群体变化、穗粒数分布及产量的影响

为小麦持续增产提供重要技术途径,对氮肥不同施用量和不同底追比例进行研究,选用‘周麦18’作为试验材料,研究了氮肥运筹技术对小麦群体动态变化、穗粒数分布及产量的影响。结果表明：“前轻中重后补充”的氮肥运筹技术降低了小麦生育期的最高群体,小麦分蘖成穗率较传统施肥处理提高了3.1个百分点,同时增加了穗粒重、提高了千粒重,单穗重显著提高了0.2 g;在每公顷施纯氮240 kg和180 kg条件下,运用“前轻中重后补充”氮肥运筹技术较传统施肥处理（全底）增产694.5 kg/hm2、486.0 kg/hm2,增幅分别为10.1%和7.2%。结果说明“前轻中重后补充”的氮肥应用策略是一项高产高效的氮肥运筹技术。     

北京主要板栗园土壤微生物量及原生动物特征

为了解北京不同板栗园土壤生物学特点,并评价其在板栗园土壤养分供给中的作用,笔者在北京板栗主产区不同板栗园采取24个表层土壤,分析微生物量碳、微生物量磷、原生动物等性质。结果表明：板栗园土壤微生物量碳33.21~128.55 mg/kg,平均90.63 mg/kg;微生物量磷3.41~14.92 mg/kg,平均8.63 mg/kg。土壤微生物量周转不能满足板栗氮素营养的需要,但能够基本满足板栗磷素营养的需求。板栗园土壤主要是鞭毛虫,肉足虫和纤毛虫很少。     

美洲黑杨与大青杨杂种无性系离体培养和叶片再生体系的建立

以美洲黑杨与大青杨杂种(Populus deltoids Bartr.×Populus ussuriensis Kom.)无性系的茎段作为外植体,研究了杂种无性系的离体培养及叶片再生体系,探讨了不同激素组合对杂种无性系不定芽的诱导、分化、增殖以及生根的影响。结果表明：杂种无性系茎段的最佳消毒时间为5 min;最佳分化培养基为MS + 6-BA 2.0 mg/L + NAA 0.1 mg/L + ZT 0.5 mg/L;MS + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L + NAA 0.05 mg/L培养基可对不定芽实现增殖与复壮;最佳生根培养基为MS + NAA 0.3 mg/L。5个杂种无性系中,无性系177的分化能力最强;叶片近轴面向上放置培养,其不定芽再生能力显著高于叶片近轴面向下放置培养;叶片、茎段及根段的分化能力大小依次为叶片>茎段>根段。本研究优化了美洲黑杨与大青杨杂种的组织培养体系,为杂种无性系快速繁殖和遗传转化研究奠定了基础。